国外棕地研究进展     

肖龙  侯景新  刘晓霞  李开宇  肖叶甜 《地域研究与开发》2015,(2):142-147

"棕地"一词最早出现在英国的规划文献中,20世纪90年代初开始成为美国官方用语。近年,棕地问题已成为了一个十分严肃的城市发展问题,交织了经济、社会、发展与环境保护的矛盾。为了推动棕地领域内的研究,在整理与分析国外相关文献资料的基础上,针对国外在棕地的定义、基本特征、分类、治理和开发价值评估、环境风险与责任、政策与法律法规、利益相关者及其关系以及棕地的治理与开发对策等方面的研究成果进行了述评。  相似文献   

产业转移技术溢出效应研究进展与展望   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

潘少奇  李亚婷  高尚  苗长虹 《地理科学进展》2015,34(5)

产业转移技术溢出是技术流动和扩散的重要形式。本文梳理了产业转移技术溢出研究的演进脉络;总结了近年学界对产业转移技术溢出效应的主要论争,并基于技术、供体、受体、流通网络、距离条件、外部环境等影响因素对上述论争进行了解释。认为产业转移技术溢出具有很强的时空情景性和权变性,技术、空间与行为主体的异质性决定了产业转移技术溢出并非一种必然的经济现象,而是一种深受产业特征、区域条件、外部环境影响的或有效应。目前学界对产业转移技术溢出效应存在论争主要是由于不同实证区域的因素条件存在差异,今后应充分考虑案例区特质并设定严格的约束条件。最后提出了5个需要重点研究的方向:一是产业转移技术溢出或有性;二是技术流通网络影响;三是距离因素影响;四是转移企业对技术溢出的控制机制;五是国际、国内产业转移技术溢出机制的差异。  相似文献   

城市群空间发育范围识别方法综述   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

陈守强  黄金川 《地理科学进展》2015,34(3)

城市群既是城市区域化的重要表现形式,也是区域工业化和城镇化发展到高级阶段的标志性产物。本文基于城市群多元化的概念演进历程,以城市群识别的技术方法和手段为主线,详细梳理了国内外学者对城市群发育范围划分和界定的研究历程,认为"概念本质的认识、界定标准的设定、最小分析单元的选用和识别方法的选择"是学术界对城市群空间范围识别难以共识的主要原因;理清了城市群空间发育范围识别和界定的研究脉络:以美国都市区划分为代表的传统社会经济指标法影响深远,奠定了西方国家关于城市群发育范围识别和界定的研究基调;采用引力模型对中心城市辐射范围划分成为当前中国城市群发育范围划分的主流;在明确识别对象的基础上,以GIS空间分析技术为手段,综合指标和模型多种方法为一身的集成模拟法,代表了城市群空间发育范围识别和界定研究的未来趋势。  相似文献   

Important progress and future direction of studies on China's urban agglomerations   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

FANG Chuanglin 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(8)

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异重流沉积动力学过程及沉积特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

杨田  操应长  王艳忠  张少敏  张会娜  王思佳 《地质论评》2015,61(1):23-33

异重流(hyperpycnal flows)是指在汇水盆地水深足够条件下,由于携带大量沉积物颗粒,导致流体密度大于稳定环境水体的密度,流体受浮力影响小,沿盆地底部流动的高密度流体,在海水环境中形成异重流的临界沉积物密度为36~43 kg/m~3(体积浓度1.3%~1.7%)。异重流主要受洪水触发形成;从河口到汇水盆地经过回流区、深度有限流区、潜入区的演化,最终形成异重流;主要经历"早期沉积—侵蚀过路—晚期沉积"的沉降过程,在沉积近端以侵蚀充填沉积为主,远端以持续沉积为主;异重流的形成及其沉积主要受地形、气候、物源的控制,地形高差大、半干旱气候条件、丰富的细粒悬浮沉积物供给有利于异重流形成。异重流沉积特征及沉积序列受"源—汇"系统的控制,以流水成因交错层理、层内突变接触面或侵蚀接触面、碳质碎屑和植物碎片为区别于其他深水重力流沉积的典型沉积构造;沉积序列由沉积近端到沉积远端可能依次发育厚层序列、逆正粒序序列、薄层细粒序列。异重流研究具有十分重要的意义,能够丰富和完善深水重力流理论、探究古气候变化和古洪水作用规律、合理解释深水重力流沉积和砂体分布特征、指导深水常规和非常规油气的勘探。  相似文献   

The Baker Creek Research Watershed: Streamflow data highlighting the behaviour of an intermittent Canadian Shield stream through a wet–dry–wet cycle     

Christopher Spence  Newell Hedstrom 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14038

Baker Creek drains water from subarctic Canadian Shield terrain comprised of a mix of exposed Precambrian bedrock, lakes, open black spruce forest and peat filled depressions. Research in the catchment has focused on hydrological processes at the hillslope and catchment scales. Streamflow is gauged from several diverse sub-catchments ranging in size from 9 to 155 km². The period of record (2003–2019) of streamflow from these sub-catchments extends from 12 to 17 years, and these data are the focus of this note. Such data are unique in this remote region. 2003–2019 was a period that included both historic wet and dry conditions. Observations during such a diversity of conditions are helping to improve understanding of how stream networks that drain this landscape expand and contract in response to short and long hydroclimatic cycles. These data from a distinctly cold and dry region of low relief, thin soils, exposed bedrock and permafrost are a valuable contribution to the global diversity of research catchment data.  相似文献   

Using isotopes to understand landscape-scale connectivity in a groundwater-dominated,lowland catchment under drought conditions     

Lukas Kleine  Doerthe Tetzlaff  Aaron Smith  Tobias Goldhammer  Chris Soulsby 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14197

The Demnitzer Millcreek catchment (DMC), is a 66 km² long-term experimental catchment located 50 km SE of Berlin. Monitoring over the past 30 years has focused on hydrological and biogeochemical changes associated with de-intensification of farming and riparian restoration in the low-lying landscape dominated by rain-fed farming and forestry. However, the hydrological function of the catchment, which is closely linked to nutrient fluxes and highly sensitive to climatic variability, is still poorly understood. In the last 3 years, a prolonged drought period with below-average rainfall and above-average temperatures has resulted in marked hydrological change. This caused low soil moisture storage in the growing season, agricultural yield losses, reduced groundwater recharge, and intermittent streamflows in parts of an increasingly disconnected channel network. This paper focuses on a two-year long isotope study that sought to understand how different parts of the catchment affect ecohydrological partitioning, hydrological connectivity and streamflow generation during drought conditions. The work has shown the critical importance of groundwater storage in sustaining flows, basic in-stream ecosystem services and the dominant influence of vegetation on groundwater recharge. Recharge was much lower and occurred during a shorter window of time in winter under forests compared to grasslands. Conversely, groundwater recharge was locally enhanced by the restoration of riparian wetlands and storage-dependent water losses from the stream to the subsurface. The isotopic variability displayed complex emerging spatio-temporal patterns of stream connectivity and flow duration during droughts that may have implications for in-stream solute transport and future ecohydrological interactions between landscapes and riverscapes. Given climate projections for drier and warmer summers, reduced and increasingly intermittent streamflows are very likely not just in the study region, but in similar lowland areas across Europe. An integrated land and water management strategy will be essential to sustaining catchment ecosystem services in such catchment systems in future.  相似文献   

Northern landscapes in transition: Evidence,approach and ways forward using the Krycklan Catchment Study     

Hjalmar Laudon  Eliza Maher Hasselquist  Matthias Peichl  Kim Lindgren  Ryan Sponseller  Fredrik Lidman  Lenka Kuglerová  Niles J. Hasselquist  Kevin Bishop  Mats B. Nilsson  Anneli M. Ågren 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14170

Improving our ability to detect changes in terrestrial and aquatic systems is a grand challenge in the environmental sciences. In a world experiencing increasingly rapid rates of climate change and ecosystem transformation, our ability to understand and predict how, when, where, and why changes occur is essential for adapting and mitigating human behaviours. In this context, long-term field research infrastructures have a fundamentally important role to play. For northern boreal landscapes, the Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS) has supported monitoring and research aimed at revealing these changes since it was initiated in 1980. Early studies focused on forest regeneration and microclimatic conditions, nutrient balances and forest hydrology, which included monitoring climate variables, water balance components, and stream water chemistry. The research infrastructure has expanded over the years to encompass a 6790 ha catchment, which currently includes 11 gauged streams, ca. 1000 soil lysimeters, 150 groundwater wells, >500 permanent forest inventory plots, and a 150 m tall tower (a combined ecosystem-atmosphere station of the ICOS, Integrated Carbon Observation System) for measurements of atmospheric gas concentrations and biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of carbon, water, and energy. In addition, the KCS has also been the focus of numerous high resolution multi-spectral LiDAR measurements and large scale experiments. This large collection of equipment and data generation supports a range of disciplinary studies, but more importantly fosters multi-, trans-, and interdisciplinary research opportunities. The KCS attracts a broad collection of scientists, including biogeochemists, ecologists, foresters, geologists, hydrologists, limnologists, soil scientists, and social scientists, all of whom bring their knowledge and experience to the site. The combination of long-term monitoring, shorter-term research projects, and large-scale experiments, including manipulations of climate and various forest management practices, has contributed much to our understanding of boreal landscape functioning, while also supporting the development of models and guidelines for research, policy, and management.  相似文献   

Brixenbach research catchment: Quantification of runoff process proportions in a small Alpine catchment depending on soil moisture states and precipitation characteristics     

Gertraud Meißl  Clemens Geitner  Andreas Batliner  Klaus Klebinder  Bernhard Kohl  Gerhard Markart 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14186

The Brixenbach valley is a small Alpine torrent catchment (9.2 km², 820–1950 m a.s.l., 47.45°, 12.26°) in Tyrol, Austria. Intensive hydrological research in the catchment since more than 12 years, including a hydrogeological survey, pedological and land use mapping, measurements of precipitation, runoff, soil moisture and infiltration as well as the conduction of rainfall simulations, has contributed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment, its subcatchments and specific sites. The paper presents a synthesis of the research in form of runoff process maps for different soil moisture states and precipitation characteristics, derived with the aid of a newly developed Soil-hydrological model. These maps clearly visualize the differing runoff reaction of different subcatchments. The pasture dominated areas produce high surface flow rates during short precipitation events (1 h, 86 mm) with high rainfall intensity, whilst the forested areas often develop shallow subsurface flow. Dry preconditions lead to a slight reduction of surface flow, long rainfall events (24 h, 170 mm) to a dominance of deep subsurface flow and percolation.  相似文献   

Progress and Prospects of Salt Lake Research in China     

ZHENG Mianping  SONG Pengsheng  KONG Weigang 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):441-442

正1 Introduction Salt lakes in China distributes in the east part of the salt lake belt of Northern Hemisphere,and they originated under complex morphological and geological background.The QT Plateau and its northern areas belong to active tectonic zone and stable tectonic zone respectively.With elevation varies from more than 5000 m to the lowest of-  相似文献