河北平原曲流河沉积特征及其模式     

何乃华  朱宣清 《地理研究》1991,10(1):65-72

本文研究了河流沉积构造、结构、石英颗粒表面特征和沉积相特征,并提出组成曲流点坝标志的两个重要要素及沉积模式。有助于认识古代岩相中点坝层序和对此模式。  相似文献   

GPR reflection characteristics and depositional models of mud volcanic sediments—Wushanting mud volcano field, southwestern Taiwan     

Joseph Jinder Chow  Su-Kai Chang  Ho-Shing Yu 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,60(3-4):179-200

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey was conducted in the Wushanting mud volcano field (Yanchao, Kaohsiung) using a 500 MHz antennae, which allowed high-resolution imaging of subsurface structures. Seven GPR reflection characteristics are recognized. Sigmoid GPR reflection patterns resulted from a recent mud lobe deposited above an underlying older mud lobe front. Contorted GPR facies resulted from recent mud flow which encountered obstacles. Subparallel reflections resulted from mud volcano deposits of limited flowability, low velocity and gentle gradient. Hummocky reflection patterns are formed by interfingering of recent mud lobes building onto low land. Disrupted GPR facies were due to lateral breaks of continuity from mud cracks, which, according to field observation, can provide channels for erosion and form deeper erosion gullies. GPR time slices of different depths are rendered as a three-dimensional model. Approximately orbicular GPR reflection characteristics can indicate arcuate stacked mud lobe fronts of different periods. Some depositional models to explain GPR reflection characteristics can be founded upon observations of recent sedimentary phenomena. The models of this study may be applied to paleoenvironments and the depositional evolution of mud volcanoes in similar geological settings.  相似文献   

The influence of transgression and regression on the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic kaolin in the Upper Ordovician glaciogenic sandstones within a sequence stratigraphic framework, Murzuq Basin, SW Libya     

Mohamed A.K. El-ghali  Karima G. Tajori  Howri Mansurbeg 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):87

Linking diagenesis to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy can provide a better understanding of some of the parameters that control the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and of their impact on reservoir quality. A study of the paralic, glaciogenic sandstones of the Melaz Shuqran and Mamunyiat formations (Late Ordovician) of the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya, reveals that the distribution of diagenetic kaolin can be constrained within depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy. Eogenetic kaolinite was formed by the dissolution of unstable detrital grains as a result of influx of meteoric waters into: (i) glacial, fluvial incised-valley lowstand systems tract (LST), glacial, tide-dominated estuarine transgressive systems tract (TST) during formation of overlying sequence boundary, (ii) paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaìc highstand systems tract (HST), paraglacial, foreshore to shoreface HST during progradation and basinward shift of the shoreline and/or formation of overlying sequence boundary, (iii) postglacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones during relative sea level fall. On the other hand, formation of kaolinite immediately below maximum flooding surfaces is attributed to dissolution of unstable detrital grains by organic acids that were presumably derived from thermal alterations of organic matter, possibly during mesodiagenesis. The transformation of eogenetic kaolinite into dickite during mesodiagenesis is probably a consequence of low α_K⁺ / α_H⁺ ratio in the pore waters due to the scarcity of detrital K-feldspars.  相似文献   

我国中新生代盆地砂岩型铀矿研究现状及发展方向的探讨   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15  

陈戴生  李胜祥  蔡煜琦 《沉积学报》2003,21(1):113-117

砂岩型铀矿是我国具有工业意义的铀矿床类型之一 ,是核工业目前主要勘查类型。本文在扼要概述砂岩型铀矿成矿地质条件的基础上 ,对当前研究现状 ,尤其是地浸砂岩型铀矿的研究现状及地浸地质条件进行了评述。从多方面探讨了该类型铀矿床的发展方向及值得重视的基础地质研究及研究方法手段等。  相似文献   

Organic facies and depositional palaeoenvironment of lignites from Rio Maior Basin (Portugal)     

D. Flores   《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,48(3-4)

The Rio Maior Basin (Portugal) is a tectonic depression, filled by a Pliocene sequence that comprises, from floor to roof: (i) kaoliniferous fine sands, (ii) diatomites and lignites, (iii) recent deposits of sandstone and clay. The diatomites and lignites form a small dissimetric syncline with alternating seams. Ten lignite seams were identified and named from floor to roof as F, E, D, C.2, C.1, C, B, A, a and a′. Seams A, D, E and F are considered to be the main seams.The organic fraction consists mainly of macerals of the huminite group, with small percentages of inertinite and liptinite groups. However, the petrographic composition of each seam is distinct, particularly with regards to macerals of the huminite and liptinite groups.Calculation of petrographic indices permitted to plot the coals in facies and palaeoenvironment diagrams. Five facies have been defined: (i) aquatic, (ii) herbaceous swamp, (iii) mixed swamp with forest and herbaceous vegetation, (vi) forest swamp (wetter) and (v) forest swamp (drier).These lignites are humic coals formed from organic matter of terrestrial origin. The peat biomass at the origin of these coals formed from a very diverse vegetation comprising gymnosperms and angiosperms. In seams F, and occasionally in seams E and D, Botryococcus algae have also contributed to the biomass. Peat deposition corresponded to a rheotrophic hydrological regime: the water level always remained above the topographic surface of the basin. Nevertheless, during the deposition of seam A in the northern part of the basin, the water level was slightly below the topographic surface. The organic matter was preserved in anaeorobic conditions.  相似文献   

赣江入湖三角洲上的网状河流体系研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王随继 《地理科学》2002,22(2):202-207

中国南方的冲积河流有许多属于分汊河流，这已被许多研究者进行过比较深入的分析研究，但赣江在其入湖三角洲上的多河道体系与分汊河道有着明显的不同，它的形成是河流自发调整的结果，而不象分汊河流那样由节点控制。它具有网状河流所具有的地貌和沉积物特征，属于典型的网状河流体系。虽然是低含沙河流，但由于其水动力较弱及汛期基准面的上升，洪泛频繁，可输入河间地以大量的泥沙并在低能环境中发生沉积，使河道及河间地能够协调加积升高，并维持多河道体系的稳定性。  相似文献   

云南大理点苍山地区更新世晚期沉积地层的ESR测年研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

况明生  赵维城 《云南地理环境研究》1997,(1)

本文采用电于自旋共振（ESR）方法测定了云南点苍山地区更新世晚期沉积地层的形成年代。测年结果显示；（1）点苍山地区冰川沉积物的ESR年龄均小于140．35KaBP，说明该地区的第四纪冰川作用最早出现于中更新世晚期，主要发生于晚更新世；（2）点苍山西麓平坡附近最高一级基座阶地的堆积时代为184．3KaBP，证明西洱河阶地系列为中更新世以来的产物；（3）点苍山东侧白雀寺地区深3．7m处的褐红色地展形成的ESR年龄为12218KaBP，揭示出该地层形成于深海氧同位素5e阶段所代表的一个温热气候时期。  相似文献   

Facies architecture of a Late Jurassic carbonate ramp: the Korallenoolith of the Lower Saxony Basin     

M. Kästner  I. Schülke  J. Winsemann 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):991-1011

The sedimentary succession of a Late Jurassic (Oxfordian to basal Kimmeridgian) carbonate ramp is described and interpreted. The study area is located in the central part of the Lower Saxony Basin in NW Germany, which forms part of the Central European Basin. Eight well-exposed and undeformed sections of the study area (Süntel area, Wesergebirge and eastern part of the Wiehengebirge) provide detailed information about lithofacies and lateral thickness variations. Biostratigraphically, the age of these sediments is poorly constrained. Twenty microfacies types are recognized that can be grouped into seven facies associations: (a) strongly bioturbated marlstones deposited near storm wave base (SWB), (b) foraminifera-rich wackestones, (c) wackestones and floatstones with biostromes and (d) bioclastic limestones deposited between SWB and fair-weather wave base (FWWB), (e) oolitic and iron-oolitic limestones and (f) siliciclastic sediments deposited above FWWB, and (g) lagoonal deposits. These facies associations characterize a storm dominated shallow mixed carbonate-siliciclastic ramp. Based on facies changes, quartz content, and gamma ray logs, the Korallenoolith Formation can be subdivided into a lower carbonate-dominated and an upper siliciclastic-dominated part, build up by different scales of small- to large-scale deepening- and shallowing-upward cycles. A preliminary correlation of measured outcrops of this formation is presented.  相似文献   

Low-light and nutrient-rich coral assemblages in an Upper Aptian carbonate platform of the southern Maestrat Basin (Iberian Chain, eastern Spain)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Toms  H. Lser  R. Salas 《Cretaceous Research》2008,29(3):509-534

A Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) succession of carbonate rocks in the southern Maestrat Basin (Iberian Chain, Spain) was analysed in terms of sedimentological and palaeontological criteria. The shallow marine sequence was deposited upon a homoclinal carbonate ramp. Five main facies types were distinguished: (A) peloidal and bioclastic grainstones and rudstones of the inner ramp shoals; (B) orbitolinid wackestones-packstones of the distal outer ramp; (C) peloid and Ostrea wackestones-packstones of the middle outer ramp; (D) coral-algal sheetstones of the proximal outer ramp; and (E) coral-algal platestones-domestones of the middle ramp. Coral-bearing facies types (D) and (E) showed similar major environmental factors: low energy hydrodynamism, low light intensity and apparently nutrient-rich water. Slight differences in these conditions are reflected in the different growth forms and coral assemblages. Coral-algal sheetstones are characterized by sheet-like and lamellar forms with a low coral diversity not clearly dominated by any taxon. Coral-algal platestones-domestones develop platy, tabular and irregular massive forms with a slightly higher coral diversity characterized by a Microsolenina-Faviina association. The coral fauna is revised taxonomically and yielded a total of 22 species in 18 genera (21 Scleractinia species, one Octocorallia species). Genera of the suborders Microsolenina and Faviina predominate, those of the suborders Stylinina, Fungiina, Rhipidogyrina and the order Coenothecalia are subordinate.  相似文献   

聚煤环境对煤岩中形态硫赋存的影响     

濮英英  雷加锦 《岩石学报》1995,11(4):462-470

对煤中形态硫的分析测试结果表明，１）碳酸盐台地潮坪成因的煤以有机硫为主，黄铁矿硫占少数，但其类型、产状多样，全硫含量在剖面上虽有波动变化，但幅度较小，硫分布模式说明成煤环境受海水影响强烈且持久稳定。２）下三角洲平原泥炭沼泽成因的煤属以黄铁矿硫为主的高硫煤，按形态和产状可分５种类型的黄铁矿，煤层剖面上全硫含量由底到顶部逐渐增加，说明成煤环境亦受海水影响强烈，但有一逐渐增强的过程。３）上三角洲平原沼泽成因煤为富有机硫的低硫煤，黄铁矿量少、类型单调，全硫含量在煤层剖面上的变化为顶底高、中部低，表明煤层顶、底板性质控制着煤中硫的分布。  相似文献