重庆市矸石山环境地质灾害效应及稳定性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

董倩  刘东燕  彭文轩 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(1):97-101

煤矸石是我国排放量及积存量最大的工业废弃物。我国现有矸石山1500余座,累计存量约34亿t。矸石排放量的持续增加造成严重的地质灾害隐患。论文分析了矸石山的污染效应、自燃效应、占地效应、爆炸效应、结构侵蚀效应、失稳效应及景观破坏效应系列环境地质灾害效应。为避免矸石山失稳所造成的危害,对重庆地区的矿区进行现场调研踏勘。根据其结果对影响矸石山稳定的因素及几种失稳模式进行了分析,并在此基础上,依据塑性极限分析原理,针对矸石山边坡失稳主要形式,利用极限分析上限定理推出了矸石山边坡稳定堆积高度的计算公式,并采用在重庆地区矿区调研踏勘及现场直剪试验所得到的参数进行计算,做出对应表格及曲线。其结果可作为确定矸石山实际堆放高度的理论依据。  相似文献   

Detection of station coordinate discontinuities within the Italian GPS Fiducial Network     

Nicola Perfetti 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(7):381-396

The Detection Identification Adaptation (DIA) procedure was applied to the coordinate time-series of some permanent GPS stations belonging to the Italian GPS Fiducial Network (IGFN), of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), to detect discontinuities and to reject outliers. The daily solutions of the stations of Cagliari, Genoa, Medicina, Noto, Turin, Perugia and Venice were computed for the period 1997.0–2003.0 using Bernese GPS software v.4.2. The data were interpolated using a model with a linear term and an annual periodic term. The parameters were estimated by least squares. The DIA procedure was organized to automatically detect discontinuities and outliers. Approximately, 70% of the discontinuities present in the coordinate time-series were identified and their magnitudes were estimated. The identified discontinuities are basically caused by equipment replacement and reference frame changes, but in a few cases the reason is still unknown. With regard to the outliers, roughly 6% of the data were rejected. These data were considered outliers on the base of the level of significance and of the power of the test adopted in this work. Except for the stations of Perugia and Venice, the estimated coordinates agree with ITRF2000 values at the 10 mm level, and the estimated velocities are within a few mm/year of the ITRF2000 values.  相似文献   

Quantifying anthropogenic influence on recent near-surface temperature change   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. R. Allen  N. P. Gillett  J. A. Kettleborough  G. Hegerl  R. Schnur  P. A. Stott  G. Boer  C. Covey  T. L. Delworth  G. S. Jones  J. F. B. Mitchell  T. P. Barnett 《Surveys in Geophysics》2006,27(5):491-544

We assess the extent to which observed large-scale changes in near-surface temperatures over the latter half of the twentieth century can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change as simulated by a range of climate models. The hypothesis that observed changes are entirely due to internal climate variability is rejected at a high confidence level independent of the climate model used to simulate either the anthropogenic signal or the internal variability. Where the relevant simulations are available, we also consider the alternative hypothesis that observed changes are due entirely to natural external influences, including solar variability and explosive volcanic activity. We allow for the possibility that feedback processes, other than those simulated by the models considered, may be amplifying the observed response to these natural influences by an unknown amount. Even allowing for this possibility, the hypothesis of no anthropogenic influence can be rejected at the 5% level in almost all cases. The influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases emerges as a substantial contributor to recent observed climate change, with the estimated trend attributable to greenhouse forcing similar in magnitude to the total observed warming over the 20th century. Much greater uncertainty remains in the response to other external influences on climate, particularly the response to anthropogenic sulphate aerosols and to solar and volcanic forcing. Our results remain dependent on model-simulated signal patterns and internal variability, and would benefit considerably from a wider range of simulations, particularly of the responses to natural external forcing.  相似文献   

从PM10的测量推测成都市区汞污染的来源     

李奕霖  ;张成江  ;施泽明  ;郭亚杰 《辽宁气象》2007,(6):68-71

通过2007年5—6月期间测量成都市若干条剖面上大气可吸入颗粒物（PM10）中的汞含量，来推测成都市大气中汞的来源。结果表明：在12个点的测量范围内，成都市PM10的质量平均浓度为210．8μg／m^3；PM10中汞的质量平均浓度为0．36ng／m^3。公园和郊区PM10浓度和其中汞浓度均较少，可能与植被茂盛有关。由PM10中汞的分布可知，在热电厂、停用的生活垃圾堆放场和寺庙附近出现最高值。说明热电厂和生活垃圾堆放场是大气汞污染的重要次生来源。寺庙附近出现的高汞值，推测与寺庙的礼仪活动如香烛燃烧有关。  相似文献   

极限荷载作用下临近基坑c-土地基的破坏模式     

王红雨  杨敏 《岩土力学》2007,28(8):1677-1681

与地面水平时地基土体的对称破坏模式不同,临近基坑（边坡）地基土体的破坏模式呈现明显的非对称性.利用FLAC-3D数值模拟技术,研究了在竖向极限荷载作用下临近基坑c-ψ土地基不同工况时的破坏模式,得出了与J.Graham所假设的边坡附近无黏性土地基破坏模式相一致的结论.最后将数值模拟结果与大尺寸模型试验数据以及J.Graham的基于应力特征线法的非对称滑动破坏模式的地基承载力理论解进行了分析对比.结果表明,采用叠加计算方法得到的承载力系数Nγq偏于安全.  相似文献   

型钢高强混凝土柱轴压比限值的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李俊华  薛建阳  王新堂  赵鸿铁 《世界地震工程》2007,23(2):154-160

通过20个型钢高强混凝土柱的低周反复加载试验对其受力性能进行了研究，分析了剪跨比、轴压比、配箍率以及混凝土强度对型钢高强混凝土柱延性的影响，提出了不同剪跨比、不同配箍率的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值。其中，剪跨比大于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值由大、小偏心界限破坏时力的平衡条件并结合试验结果确定，而剪跨比小于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值则通过与剪跨比大于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的延性对比加以确定。  相似文献   

冻结粉土动强度的荷载效应及长期极限动强度   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

沈忠言 《冰川冻土》1998,20(1):42-45

荷载效应包括速率效应和疲劳效应两部分．速率效应使冻土的动强度和退荷回弹动弹模随应变速率加快而提高;疲劳效应使冻土的动强度随振频增加而下降,但在低应变速率下却使动强度略有提高．在高应变速率下动强度大于静强度,在低应变速度下动强度小于静强度,其间存在一个临界应变速率．通过动强度－破坏振次关系,可确定长期极限动强度．  相似文献   

藕塘古滑体在三峡水库形成后的稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨家岭  朱维申  罗晓东  张玉军 《岩土力学》1998,(2)

采用极限平衡和三维弹塑性有限元分析方法,对藕塘古滑体在三峡水库形成后的稳定性进行了计算分析。计算中考虑了水库水位变化、渗透压力、建筑荷载以及地震等诸多因素对滑体稳定性的影响,并给出了滑体失稳的临界破坏条件,为库区移民迁建新址的勘察工作提供了量化的论证。  相似文献   

新疆阿图什市近场区地震构造评价   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

栾超群  柏美祥  向志勇 《新疆地质》1998,(1)

在新疆阿图什市近场 2 5km范围内鉴别出全新世活断裂 1条 ,全新世活褶皱 5个。托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕雷克断裂在全新世时期曾有两次显示断错活动 ,累积铅直断距 170 cm,最新断错活动的 TL时间在 ( 8.6± 0 .0 3) Ka BP以内。该断裂历史上曾发生过 190 2年 8月 2 3日阿图什 8.2 5级地震 ,近期又发生了 1996年 3月 19日阿图什 6.9级地震 ,是一条地震断裂构造。由托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕雷克断裂与塔什皮萨克—阔诺勒果背斜褶皱构成的地震构造带所形成的潜在震源区距阿图什市工程场地以北 13km,其发生最大潜在地震的能力按 8.5级考虑 ,由全新世活褶皱构成的喀什—阿图什地震构造带所形成的潜在震源区的震级上限按 6.0级考虑  相似文献   

大气重力信号的理论计算及其检测   总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

孙和平  罗少聪 《地球物理学报》1998,41(5):634-641

基于标准大气定律和大气圆柱体分布模型,本文引进了大气重力格林函数,用离散格积方法求得了大气对重力场观测的影响,对台站高程、周围地形和地表温度变化等因素的影响问题进行了讨论．结果说明台站近区气压变化是大气重力信号的主要贡献者,考虑大气质量负荷引起的弹性地球形变效应后,对距台站0．5°的区域积分获得的大气重力导纳值为-0．3603μGal／hPa,占全球大气变化引起的总信号的90％以上,这一理论模型结果与超导重力仪实测结果相吻合,并能较有效地用于消除重力观测中的气压干扰成分．  相似文献