北大别片麻岩的超高压变质证据——来自锆石提供的信息   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

刘贻灿  李曙光  徐树桐  古晓锋 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1827-1832

本文对北大别片麻岩锆石中矿物包体及年代学进行了研究,首次发现了北大别片麻岩的超高压变质作用证据。结合阴极发光图像和同位素定年,片麻岩锆石中矿物包体组合至少可分出三期:(1)原岩岩浆矿物组合,即斜长石、黑云母、石英和磷灰石;(2)超高压变质矿物组合,即金刚石、石榴子石和金红石等;(3)麻粒岩相退变质矿物组合,如透辉石等。其中,金刚石和石榴子石主要以包体形式被包裹于透辉石中,而透辉石是北大别麻粒岩相退变质阶段形成的代表性矿物。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,北大别片麻岩的峰期变质时代和麻粒岩相退变质时代分别为218±3Ma和199±10Ma。这些证明北大别片麻岩,如同其中的榴辉岩一样,经过了印支期超高压变质作用。  相似文献   

热液金刚石压腔 (HDAC)在地质上的应用及甲烷水合物合成实验研究   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

李兆麟 《地学前缘》2000,7(1):271-285

热液金刚石压腔 (HDAC)是 2 0世纪末发展起来的一种高温高压及低温高压实验技术。它可在 - 180～ 12 0 0℃ ,10 0～ 10 0 0 0MPa水热体系进行实验 ,并具直观实验全过程的特点。文中首次运用HDAC在水体系中对哀牢山花岗岩进行了熔融实验 ,在显微镜下观察到花岗岩熔融过程 ,其初熔温度为 712 88～ 714 87℃ ,压力为 2 2 5MPa ,熔融温度为 759 54～76 0 0 0℃ ,压力为 30 0MPa。重点介绍了国外运用HDAC进行冰的高压相、水体系中伟晶岩矿物溶解、可燃有机岩、石油及岩石热解、高压下矿物包裹体均一温度测定及甲烷水合物合成实验研究新成果。甲烷水合物在永久冻土带及大陆坡、海底高原、海底沉积物等地质环境广泛分布 ,储量大 ,可成为 2 1世纪人类使用的新能源。目前世界主要国家的科学家除致力于该资源勘探外 ,还运用不同方法进行甲烷水合物的合成研究 ,以了解其形成条件及性质。开发和应用甲烷水合物具有重大意义 ,为促进我国此项工作开展 ,文中作了重点介绍。  相似文献   

Kinetics of the graphite–diamond transformation in aqueous fluid determined by in-situ X-ray diffractions at high pressures and temperatures     

T.?OkadaEmail author  W.?Utsumi  H.?Kaneko  V.?Turkevich  N.?Hamaya  O.?Shimomura 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(4):261-268

The graphite-diamond transformation was investigated by in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments using aqueous fluid containing dissolved MgO as the diamond-forming catalyst under conditions of 6.6–8.9 GPa and 1400–1835 °C. The transformed volume fractions of diamond as a function of time under various pressure-temperature conditions were obtained and analyzed using the JMAK rate equation. Variations in the nucleation and growth processes during diamond formation as a function of pressure and temperature were clarified.  相似文献   

Stratigraphic relations, kimberlite emplacement and lithospheric thermal evolution, Quiricó Basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil     

George Read  Herman Grutter  Stewart Winter  Nigel Luckman  Frank Gaunt  Fernando Thomsen   《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):803-818

  相似文献   

Phonon density of states in iron at high pressures and high temperatures     

G. ?ShenEmail author  W. ?Sturhahn  E. E. ?Alph  J. ?Zhao  T. S. ?Tollenner  V. B. ?Prakapenka  Y. ?Meng  H.-R. ?Mao 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(6):353-359

The phonon density of states (DOS) in iron has been measured in situ by nuclear resonance inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS) at high pressures and high temperatures in a resistively heated diamond anvil cell. The DOS data provide a variety of thermodynamic and elastic parameters essential for characterizing iron at depth in the Earth interior, such as average sound velocity, Debye temperature, atomic mean square displacement, average kinetic energy, vibrational entropy and specific heat. The NRIXS data were collected at 6, 20, and 29 GPa and at temperatures up to 920 K. Temperatures were directly determined from the measured spectra by the ratio of intensities of the phonon creation/annihilation side bands that are determined only by the Boltzmann factor. The change of the DOS caused by the structural transition from -Fe to -Fe is small and not resolvable within the experimental precision. However, the phonon energies in -Fe are clearly shifted to lower values with respect to - and -Fe. The temperature dependence of derived thermodynamic parameters is presented and compared with those obtained by Debyes model. The Debye temperatures that best describe the data decrease slightly with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

Kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits of southern Africa: A review   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Matthew Field  Johann Stiefenhofer  Jock Robey  Stephan Kurszlaukis 《Ore Geology Reviews》2008,34(1-2):33

Following the discovery of diamonds in river deposits in central South Africa in the mid nineteenth century, it was at Kimberley where the volcanic origin of diamonds was first recognized. These volcanic rocks, that were named “kimberlite”, were to become the corner stone of the economic and industrial development of southern Africa. Following the discoveries at Kimberley, even more valuable deposits were discovered in South Africa and Botswana in particular, but also in Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe.A century of study of kimberlites, and the diamonds and other mantle-derived rocks they contain, has furthered the understanding of the processes that occurred within the sub-continental lithosphere and in particular the formation of diamonds. The formation of kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits is a long-lived and complex series of processes that first involved the growth of diamonds in the mantle, and later their removal and transport to the earth's surface by kimberlite magmas. Dating of inclusions in diamonds showed that diamond growth occurred several times over geological time. Many diamonds are of Archaean age and many of these are peridotitic in character, but suites of younger Proterozoic diamonds have also been recognized in various southern African mines. These younger ages correspond with ages of major tectono-thermal events that are recognized in crustal rocks of the sub-continent. Most of these diamonds had eclogitic, websteritic or lherzolitic protoliths.In southern Africa, kimberlite eruptions occurred as discrete events several times during the geological record, including the Early and Middle Proterozoic, the Cambrian, the Permian, the Jurassic and the Cretaceous. Apart from the Early Proterozoic (Kuruman) kimberlites, all of the other events have produced deposits that have been mined. It should however be noted that only about 1% of the kimberlites that have been discovered have been successfully exploited.In this paper, 34 kimberlite mines are reviewed with regard to their geology, mantle xenolith, xenocryst and diamond characteristics and production statistics. These mines vary greatly in size, grade and diamond-value, as well as in the proportions and types of mantle mineral suites that they contain. They include some of the world's richest mines, such as Jwaneng in Botswana, to mines that are both small and marginal, such as the Frank Smith Mine in South Africa. They include large diatremes such as Orapa and small dykes such as those mined at Bellsbank, Swartruggens and near Theunissen. These mines are all located on the Archaean Kalahari Craton, and it is apparent that the craton and its associated sub-continental lithosphere played an important role in providing the right environment for diamond growth and for the formation of the kimberlite magmas that were to transport them to the surface.  相似文献   

流体包裹体压力计研究之二:高温高压下碳氢化合物的拉曼光谱   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乔二伟  郑海飞  徐备 《岩石学报》2008,24(9):1981-1986

在温度23～315℃、压力高达近2000MPa下用金刚石压腔下研究了正庚烷、环己烷及其混合物的拉曼光谱特征。结果表明：环己烷和正庚烷混合,只是改变了环己烷及正庚烷的平均C-H伸缩振动的拉曼位移,但是并不影响其P-△^-vp关系式。另外,经过数据拟合,得到了平均C-H伸缩振动的拉曼位移与压力的关系为：P=78．21（△^-vp）＋71．56。该公式可以用来作为流体包裹体尤其是油气包裹体的压力计。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的康金拉铬铁矿中发现金刚石   总被引：6，自引：10，他引：6  

徐向珍  杨经绥  巴登珠  陈松永  方青松  白文吉 《岩石学报》2008,24(7)

前人在雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎铬铁矿石中发现许多异常矿物,包括金刚石和柯石英等典型压力指示矿物.蛇绿岩型铬铁矿石中为什么会产出金刚石等异常矿物,与其伴生的铬铁矿和蛇绿岩是什么成因,是一个新的重大科学问题.为此,开展了同一蛇绿岩带中康金拉矿区的铬铁矿的人工重砂研究.从1116kg的铬铁矿样品中发现了近千粒金刚石,以及自然元素、金属互化物、氧化物、硫化物、硅酸盐、钨酸盐和碳酸盐矿物等一批异常矿物.从一个新的矿区发现了大批金刚石,不仅是对罗布莎铬铁矿中存在金刚石的佐证,并且将金刚石的产出规模增加了几个数量级,由此引出蛇绿岩铬铁矿中金刚石是否成矿的新问题.尤其重要的是,从同一蛇绿岩带的不同铬铁矿床中再次发现金刚石,为探讨金刚石及其寄主的铬铁矿和蛇绿岩的成因,提供了新的重要依据.  相似文献   

我国海洋产业数字化水平测度与时空演化分析          下载免费PDF全文

邵业  宁凌  欧春尧  曹阳春 《海洋开发与管理》2024,41(1):3-14

文章在厘清海洋产业数字化相关概念的前提下,基于钻石模型构建了海洋产业数字化水平测度指标体系并采用投影寻踪模型测度2014—2020年我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)的海洋产业数字化水平;在此基础上运用多种空间计量模型对我国海洋产业数字化水平的时空演化规律进行深入分析。研究发现：我国海洋产业数字化水平总体上呈现快速增长趋势,但不同区域沿海省(自治区、直辖市)之间存在一定差异;区域内差异是研究期内我国海洋产业数字化水平地区差异的主导因素,其中北部沿海地区内部差异最大,东部沿海地区内部差异最小,南部沿海地区内部差异居中;三大海洋经济圈内海洋产业数字化集聚形式各具特征：北部海洋经济圈内沿海省(自治区、直辖市)形成“高-低”集聚型,南部海洋经济圈内沿海省(自治区、直辖市)形成“低-高”集聚型,东部海洋经济圈内沿海省(自治区、直辖市)则形成“高-高”集聚型。  相似文献   

金刚石指示矿物的找矿意义研究—以江苏张集地区发现金刚石原生矿为例          下载免费PDF全文

赵秀芳 《山东国土资源》2018,34(7)

金伯利岩中的石榴子石、铬铁矿和铬透辉石是寻找金刚石原生矿的重要指示矿物。根据主要化学成分TiO2,Cr2O3,FeO,MgO,CaO的含量，将石榴子石分成G1～G12十二组。该次研究区内石榴子石为橙色系列，经电子探针测试，G5组31粒，G4组18粒，G8组7粒，G3组1粒，其中G4组中Na2O含量＞0.07%的有4粒，属含钠镁铝铁铝榴石，且15csy034石榴子石为含金刚石金伯利岩。研究区内1粒铬铁矿为S5组贫钛富镁高铝铬铁矿，属非金伯利岩和非钾镁煌斑岩铬铁矿；研究区内发现的2粒铬透辉石，为低铬富镁透辉石。在研究指示矿物特征的基础上，在四山村北新发现编号分别为1,2,3号3个煌斑岩岩管和编号为4号的1个煌斑岩脉，并在2号岩管角砾岩中，选获直径为0.2mm左右的金刚石1粒。尤其是石榴子石标型矿物的研究为煌斑岩岩体的发现起到重要指导意义，进一步明确了找矿方向，减少了找矿的盲目性。  相似文献