杭州市城市空间基础信息平台的建设   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

叶智宣杨茂成  甘雪梅周能 《地球信息科学学报》2003,5(3):32-35

本文分析了城市空间基础信息的基本特征及其在数字城市中的作用 ,从基础信息数据库建设及其地理信息系统的设计开发 ,介绍了杭州市城市空间基础信息平台的研制。  相似文献   

基于Web GIS的数字社区空间管理与应用——以北京市回龙观小区为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈颖彪  千庆兰 《地球信息科学学报》2003,5(1):49-53,119

随着我国城市化水平的不断提高,在城市中出现了大量的住宅社区,并引入了社区智能管理系统,但在数字社区建设过程中,通过地理信息技术进行社区的空间管理、信息查询和定位分析的研究案例还不多见,本文主要通过地理信息技术和空间数据库技术,利用WebGIS方法,以北京市回龙观居住小区为研究实例,将空间信息融入社区管理系统中,实现对社区空间信息的有效管理,并探讨其在技术上的可行性及实现的途径和主要方法。  相似文献   

宁波地震台地倾斜模拟与数字观测对比分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

夏超德 《华南地震》2005,25(2):80-87

通过对宁波台地倾斜数字VS垂直摆与模拟JB水平摆倾斜仪2002年一年时间的并行观测和研究,认为在观测资料的连续性、稳定性、可靠性和观测精度上,VS垂直摆倾斜仪明显优于JB水平摆倾斜仪;在数据传输上,数字化仪器实现了远距离快速传输,有利于及时捕捉地震的短临信息,有利于资料共享。  相似文献   

五山台地下流体观测现状及资料质量的初步分析     

罗玉芬 《华南地震》2005,25(4):83-88

对五山地震台地下流体数字化观测系统的运行状况进行了总结和统计,分析了水位仪和地热仪在实际运行及管理中存在的问题,并对数字化改造后的观测资料内在质量及现存问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Potential of texture from SAR tomographic images for forest aboveground biomass estimation     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) texture has been demonstrated to have the potential to improve forest biomass estimation using backscatter. However, forests are 3D objects with a vertical structure. The strong penetration of SAR signals means that each pixel contains the contributions of all the scatterers inside the forest canopy, especially for the P-band. Consequently, the traditional texture derived from SAR images is affected by forest vertical heterogeneity, although the influence on texture-based biomass estimation has not yet been explicitly explored. To separate and explore the influence of forest vertical heterogeneity, we introduced the SAR tomography technique into the traditional texture analysis, aiming to explore whether TomoSAR could improve the performance of texture-based aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation and whether texture plus tomographic backscatter could further improve the TomoSAR-based AGB estimation. Based on the P-band TomoSAR dataset from TropiSAR 2009 at two different sites, the results show that ground backscatter variance dominated the texture features of the original SAR image and reduced the biomass estimation accuracy. The texture from upper vegetation layers presented a stronger correlation with forest biomass. Texture successfully improved tomographic backscatter-based biomass estimation, and the texture from upper vegetation layers made AGB models much more transferable between different sites. In addition, the correlation between texture indices varied greatly among different tomographic heights. The texture from the 10 to 30 m layers was able to provide more independent information than the other layers and the original images, which helped to improve the backscatter-based AGB estimation.  相似文献   

Stratified aboveground forest biomass estimation by remote sensing data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Remote sensing-assisted estimates of aboveground forest biomass are essential for modeling carbon budgets. It has been suggested that estimates can be improved by building species- or strata-specific biomass models. However, few studies have attempted a systematic analysis of the benefits of such stratification, especially in combination with other factors such as sensor type, statistical prediction method and sampling design of the reference inventory data. We addressed this topic by analyzing the impact of stratifying forest data into three classes (broadleaved, coniferous and mixed forest). We compare predictive accuracy (a) between the strata (b) to a case without stratification for a set of pre-selected predictors from airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral data obtained in a managed mixed forest site in southwestern Germany. We used 5 commonly applied algorithms for biomass predictions on bootstrapped subsamples of the data to obtain cross validated RMSE and r² diagnostics. Those values were analyzed in a factorial design by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to rank the relative importance of each factor. Selected models were used for wall-to-wall mapping of biomass estimates and their associated uncertainty. The results revealed marginal advantages for the strata-specific prediction models over the unstratified ones, which were more obvious on the wall-to-wall mapped area-based predictions. Yet further tests are necessary to establish the generality of these results. Input data type and statistical prediction method are concluded to remain the two most crucial factors for the quality of remote sensing-assisted biomass models.  相似文献   

Large scale climate and rainfall seasonality in a Mediterranean Area: Insights from a non‐homogeneous Markov model applied to the Agro‐Pontino plain          下载免费PDF全文

Francesco Cioffi  Federico Conticello  Upmanu Lall  Lucia Marotta  Vito Telesca 《水文研究》2017,31(3):668-686

In the context of climate change and variability, there is considerable interest in how large scale climate indicators influence regional precipitation occurrence and its seasonality. Seasonal and longer climate projections from coupled ocean–atmosphere models need to be downscaled to regional levels for hydrologic applications, and the identification of appropriate state variables from such models that can best inform this process is also of direct interest. Here, a Non‐Homogeneous Hidden Markov Model (NHMM) for downscaling daily rainfall is developed for the Agro‐Pontino Plain, a coastal reclamation region very vulnerable to changes of hydrological cycle. The NHMM, through a set of atmospheric predictors, provides the link between large scale meteorological features and local rainfall patterns. Atmospheric data from the NCEP/NCAR archive and 56‐years record (1951–2004) of daily rainfall measurements from 7 stations in Agro‐Pontino Plain are analyzed. A number of validation tests are carried out, in order to: 1) identify the best set of atmospheric predictors to model local rainfall; 2) evaluate the model performance to capture realistically relevant rainfall attributes as the inter‐annual and seasonal variability, as well as average and extreme rainfall patterns. Validation tests show that the best set of atmospheric predictors are the following: mean sea level pressure, temperature at 1000 hPa, meridional and zonal wind at 850 hPa and precipitable water, from 20°N to 80°N of latitude and from 80°W to 60°E of longitude. Furthermore, the validation tests show that the rainfall attributes are simulated realistically and accurately. The capability of the NHMM to be used as a forecasting tool to quantify changes of rainfall patterns forced by alteration of atmospheric circulation under climate change and variability scenarios is discussed.  相似文献   

1979-2018年间山东半岛沿海台风浪危险性分布的数值模拟研究     

王宁  侯一筠  李水清  莫冬雪  刘泽  李健 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):861-868

台风浪灾害在山东半岛沿海时常发生，对人类生命财产和基础设施构成很大威胁，因此，对山东半岛海域台风浪的危险性分析具有重要的现实意义。本研究使用ADCIRC+SWAN耦合数值模式采用Holland模型风场与NCEP再分析风场组合的风场驱动，对1979—2018年36次台风过境期间的海浪过程进行了模拟。以台风过境时最大有效波高及历时频数作为危险性评价指标，给出了山东半岛近岸台风浪强度等级分布、历时频数分布以及危险性指数分布。研究结果显示，山东半岛北部为台风浪低危险区，台风浪强度等级低且历时短；南部二级强度（有效波高范围为1.3—2.5m）以上台风浪发生较为频繁，危险性高于北部；东部台风浪强度可以达到四级（有效波高4m以上），危险性最高。  相似文献   

天宫二号三维成像微波高度计大气斜距时延校正     

陈洁好  张云华  董晓 《遥感学报》2020,24(9):1059-1069

2016-09-15随天宫二号空间实验室发射升空的三维成像微波高度计（简称天宫二号成像高度计）是国际上第一个采用小入射角、短干涉基线实现宽刈幅海面高度测量的高度计。由于天宫二号没有为成像高度计配备用于大气校正的微波辐射计，因此需要采用模型方法对大气时延进行精确估计。传统高度计采用星下点观测，通常只考虑大气折射率的改变引起传播速度变化的时延。天宫二号成像高度计采用偏离星下点1°—8°的小角度观测，因此在进行大气传输时延校正时不仅要考虑雷达信号传播速度的改变，还应考虑由于传播方向改变带来的路径弯曲效应。本文针对天宫二号成像高度计的观测几何特性，提出基于数值天气模型校正大气斜距时延的算法：采用欧洲中期天气预报中心的天气数据和大气分层模型，通过气象参数计算大气折射率；根据高度计参数和各层大气折射率，依赖折射定律和信号传播的几何关系在路径上逐层积分，计算大气斜距时延的估值。通过对天宫二号成像高度计的陆地角反射器定标实测数据进行处理，经大气斜距时延校正后，角反射器的剩余距离误差的标准差约为6.2 cm，达到厘米量级的斜距测量精度，验证了在不同入射角情况下，所提出的大气斜距时延校正算法的有效性和可靠性。  相似文献   

基于水文分析法的海底峡谷特征要素自动提取方法研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

周庆杰  高珊  刘乐军  李西双  周航  徐元芹  栾坤祥 《海洋技术学报》2020,39(1):25-31

海底峡谷是陆源沉积物向深海运移的主要通道,也是陆架/陆坡区重要的地貌单元。随着多波束测深技术的发展,如何快速而准确地从海量数据中识别并提取海底峡谷的特征要素,是一个亟待解决的重要热点问题。文中根据海底峡谷谷底下切、谷壁高而陡等地形特征,基于水文分析法和坡度分析等原理,通过ArcGIS中的数据建模工具建立了一种从数字高程模型(DEM)数据快速识别和提取海底峡谷特征要素的方法。以南海北部陆坡神狐峡谷区为例进行算例分析,结果表明,该方法在快速了解海底峡谷的发育位置和特征要素等方面是可行的,并可以获得峡谷头尾部水深、轴线长度、峡谷范围等特征信息。为获得该方法适用于研究区的最优参数组,文中讨论分析了峡谷形态、重分类阈值及数据分辨率等影响峡谷识别的因素。结果分析表明,峡谷形态会在一定程度上影响识别结果的准确性,但不影响对峡谷的总体了解;零值汇流累积量重分类阈值和DEM数据的空间分辨率是影响峡谷识别结果准确度的两个重要因素,在神狐峡谷群区,空间分辨率200 m且重分类阈值0.4时,海底峡谷识别和特征要素提取效果最佳。  相似文献