An alternative interpretation for the map expression of “abrupt” changes in lateral stratigraphic level near transverse zones in fold-thrust belts     

Sanghoon Kwon  Gautam Mitra 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(4):401-406

The map expression of "abrupt" changes in lateral stratigraphic level of a thrust fault has been traditionally interpreted to be a result of the presence of(1) a lateral(or oblique) thrust-ramp,or(2) a frontal ramp with displacement gradient、and/or(3) a combination of these geometries.These geometries have been used to interpret the structures near transverse /ones in fold-thrust belts(FTB).This contribution outlines an alternative explanation that can result in the same map pattern by lateral variations in stratigraphy along the strike of a low angle thrust fault.We describe the natural example of the Leamington transverse zone.which marks the southern margin of the Pennsy lvanian—Permian Oquirrh basin with genetically related lateral stratigraphic variations in the North American Sevier(TB.Thus.the observed map pattern at this zone is closely related to lateral stratigraphic variations along the strike of a horizontal fault.Even though the present-day erosional level shows the map pattern that could be interpreted as a lateral ramp.the observed structures along the Leamington zone most likely share the effects of the presence of a lateral(or oblique) ramp,lateral stratigraphic variations along the fault trace.and the displacement gradient.  相似文献   

GPS in dynamic monitoring of long-period structures   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

M.   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,20(5-8):477-483

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with high sampling rates (10 samples per second) allows scientifically justified and economically feasible dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures—otherwise difficult to measure directly by other means, such as the most commonly used accelerometers that require post-processing including double integration. We describe an experiment whereby the displacement responses of a simulated tall building are measured clearly and accurately in real-time. Such measurements can be used to assess average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the building performance during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds. By establishing threshold displacements or drift ratios and identifying changing dynamic characteristics, procedures can be developed to use such information to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building.  相似文献   

The scientific connotation of oil and gas formations under deep fluids and organic-inorganic interaction     

Quanyou LIU  Dongya ZHU  Qingqiang MENG  Jiayi LIU  Xiaoqi WU  Bing ZHOU  Qi FU  Zhijun JIN 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(3):507-528

As a relatively stable craton block in the earth system, the petroliferous basin is influenced by the evolution of the earth system from the early development environment of source rocks, hydrocarbon formation, and reservoir dissolution to hydrocarbon accumulation or destruction. As a link between the internal and external factors of the basin, deep fluids run through the whole process of hydrocarbon formation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interaction. The nutrients carried by deep fluids promote the bloom of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and extra addition of carbon and hydrogen source, which are beneficial to the development of high-quality source rock and enhancement of the hydrocarbon generation potential. The energy carried by the deep fluid promotes the early maturation of the source rock and facilitates the hydrocarbon generation by activation and hydrogenation in high-mature hydrocarbon sources. The dissolution alteration of carbonate rocks and clastic reservoirs by CO_2-rich deep fluids improves the deep reservoir space, thus extending the oil and gas reservoir space into greater depth. The extraction of deeply retained crude oil by deep supercritical CO_2 and the displacement of CH_4 in shale have both improved the hydrocarbon fluidity in deep and tight reservoirs. Simultaneously, the energy and material carried by deep fluids(C, H, and catalytic substances) not only induce inorganic CH_4 formation by Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) synthesis and "hydrothermal petroleum" generation from organic matter by thermal activity but also cause the hydrothermal alteration of crude oil from organic sources. Therefore, from the perspective of the interaction of the earth's sphere, deep fluids not only input a significant amount of exogenous C and H into sedimentary basins but also improve the reservoir space for oil and gas, as well as their enrichment and accumulation efficiencies.  相似文献   

西秦岭北缘断裂带的位移累积滑动亏损特征及其破裂分段性研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

袁道阳  杨明 《地震研究》1999,22(4):382-389

根据西秦岭北缘断裂带的水平位移分组特征,定量计算了断裂端部和不连续部位的位移累积滑动亏损率,同时结合断裂带上的障碍体规模,滑动速率的差异,历史地震及古地震特征等,对断裂带进行了破裂分段性研究,结果表明,西秦岭北缘断裂带可以划分为鸳凤断裂,漳县断裂,锅麻滩断裂３条一级破裂段,６条二级破裂段。  相似文献   

活动断裂平均滑动速率位移量与位移场的工程应用讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王赞军 《高原地震》1999,(3)

获取活动断裂平均滑动速率、位移量、位移场以及分析断裂未来一次性错动可能造成的地表最大位移量,并将以上参数如何应用于工程设计是工程地质、地震地质学界急需解决的根本问题。笔者认为采用断裂未来一次性错动的地表最大位移量估算方法和断裂位移场的解析计算,对于线性工程进行安全设计十分重要,可以作为工程设计参考指标的有益补充  相似文献   

大容量气枪震源地震动衰减特性分析     

蔡辉腾  陈颙  金星  徐逸鹤  李稳 《中国地震》2018,34(3):445-455

为进一步加深对大容量气枪震源激发的地震波传播特性的认知,利用福建海陆多个气枪震源固定激发点重复激发的实验数据,通过线性叠加和仿真技术得到等效单次激发高信噪比速度和位移记录,然后利用不同震中距的位移峰值计算不同固定点气枪激发的等效震级,进而建立等效震级、震中距和速度峰值的衰减关系。结果表明:(1)震中距为0~270km时,大容量气枪单次激发得到的速度峰值为700~4nm/s,位移峰值为200~0.2nm;(2)总容量为8000 in~3的气枪震源P波等效震级为0.181~0.760,S波等效震级为0.294~0.832,总容量为12000 in~3的气枪震源P波等效震级为0.533~0.896,S波等效震级为0.611~0.946,气枪震源激发产生的S波能量大于P波能量,激发环境不同,激发效能相差较大;(3)速度峰值随等效震级增大而增大,随震中距增大而减小,P波速度峰值三分量中垂直分量最大,S波相反,其垂直分量最小,二者水平分量相近。研究结果可为定量判断气枪震源激发的地震波的传播能力以及利用气枪震源进行深部探测或监测的观测系统的设计提供重要依据。  相似文献   

基于步进电机的位移促动器设计与实测     

张宗猛  王正兰  杨德华  吴常铖  金振宇 《天文研究与技术》2019,(3):329-334

以环形太阳望远镜为应用背景,研制了一种基于步进电机的位移促动器,并进行了性能测试实验,获得了位移促动器的性能指标。分析了常见的大行程、高精度位移促动器的结构形式,选择位移缩放式作为位移促动器的基本结构。该位移促动器采用步进电机集成行星减速器作为驱动元件,以具有特殊消间隙结构的螺旋传动作为位移缩放机构,为实现高分辨率、高刚度和高精度的位移促动器设计,开展了位移促动器的性能测试实验,结果表明:该位移促动器轴向位移量程为±2 mm,不同负载下均能实现1 μm的步长分辨率,位移闭环输出精度优于1 μm。研制的位移促动器为环形太阳望远镜的建设提供重要的技术支持,并为其它精密光学镜面支撑系统的工程应用提供参考。  相似文献   

Stochastic control of wave energy converters with constrained displacements for optimal power absorption     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

An semi-analytical solution is derived for the optimal control of the power take-off of a single-degree of freedom heave point absorber with constraints on the displacement. At first the control force is derived during states, where the displacement constraint is active. This results in an open-loop control law dependent on the external wave load on the absorber. Next, the analytical solution for the optimal control in the unconstrained state is indicated, which turns out to be of the closed loop type with feedback from the present displacement and acceleration and from future velocities. The derived control law contains an undetermined constant, which is calibrated at the interface to the previous constrained state. The approach requires the estimation of the wave load during the constrained states, and the prediction of the future velocity response during unconstrained states. An algorithm has been devised in the paper for handling these problems. The theory has been validated against numerical solutions obtained by nonlinear programming.  相似文献   

Analyzing the shear strength parameters of the Chiu-fen-erh-shan landslide: integrating strong-motion and GPS data to determine the best-fit accelerogram     

Jian-Hong Wu  Hung-Ming Lin 《GPS Solutions》2009,13(2):153-163

This study adopts the Chiu-fen-erh-shan landslide as a case study for incorporating comprehensive accelerograph and global positioning system (GPS) data to determine the best-fit acceleration data for analyzing a rock avalanche. Previous investigations indicate that the distance from an accelerograph to a landslide site is crucial to determining the best-fit acceleration data to use in conducting a seismic analysis. Unfortunately, the Chiu-fen-erh-shan landslide and its nearest accelerograph station are located in different geological zones. Thus, GPS data were compared to the displacements derived from the accelerograms of nearby monitoring stations to help select the best accelerograph data. This emphasizes that a high density distribution of accelerographs and GPS installations are essential to acquire the best data for the seismic analysis, especially in complex geological zones. After applying the best-fit accelerogram to Newmark’s sliding model and an empirical displacement attenuation formula to back-calculate the shear strength parameters of the sliding surface, a cohesion of 0 kPa and friction angle of the sliding surface of 24.8° were found for this landslide.

Jian-Hong WuEmail: Email:

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