植物秸秆作补充碳源对人工湿地脱氮效果的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

魏星  朱伟  赵联芳  陈家伟 《湖泊科学》2010,22(6):916-922

研究以芦苇杆、树枝及芦苇杆+树枝这三组植物秸秆作为碳源,分别补充于人工湿地基质表层(0-5cm)和中层(30-35cm)对脱氮效果的影响.试验结果表明,在进水条件下,补充植物秸秆能将人工湿地系统的TN去除率从44%提高到53%-66%,秸秆材料种类对脱氮效果影响不显著;对于三组植物秸秆材料,补充在中层均能较表层更好地提高脱氮效果,而且具有更强的抵抗进水氮负荷冲击能力.沿程氮形态分析表明:补充植物秸秆后,可以解除由于有机碳源不足产生的硝氮、亚硝氮积累,提高总氮的去除效率;而秸秆补充于中层,由于未干扰进水氨氮的硝化过程,增加底物硝氮、亚硝氮的反硝化反应,从而较之补充于表层有更好的脱氮效果.  相似文献   

铜绿微囊藻和蛋白核小球藻对不同形态有机磷的利用及其生长     

钱善勤  孔繁翔  张民  于洋  史小丽 《湖泊科学》2010,22(3):411-415

本研究探索了铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)在单藻批式培养条件下对三种不同形态的可溶性有机磷化合物:1-磷酸-葡萄糖,环磷酸腺苷(c-AMP)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的利用及其生长.结果表明铜绿微囊藻和蛋白核小球藻能够利用这三种有机磷源进行生长.铜绿微囊藻对三种不同形态有机磷源的利用效率由高到低依次是:1-磷酸-葡萄糖,ATP和c-AMP,尤其是对磷酸单酯类磷源——1-磷酸-葡萄糖有极高的利用效率,在该磷源培养条件下微囊藻最大藻浓度能达到正磷酸盐培养条件下的最大藻浓度.小球藻对1-磷酸-葡萄糖和ATP的利用率略高于c-AMP.总体上铜绿微囊藻对这三种有机磷源的利用能力要高于小球藻.碱性磷酸酶与藻利用有机磷的能力有重要的关系,藻对有机磷的利用能力随着胞内酶活的增加而增强.随着富营养化程度的加剧,水体中可溶性有机磷在总磷中的比例也不断升高,铜绿微囊藻对可溶性有机磷的较强利用能力,可能促使其成为富营养化水体中优势种的原因之一.  相似文献   

三种碳源对乌梁素海好氧不产氧光合细菌群落结构的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵吉睿  巩瑞红  李畅游  王瑞刚  陈晨  陈勿力吉玛  牛晓峰  冯福应 《湖泊科学》2014,26(1):113-120

好氧不产氧光合细菌(AAPB)营光合异养,在水体碳循环中起着重要作用.但是,碳源对AAPB群落结构的影响尚不明确.本文基于16S rDNA和光合反应中心合成中的关键基因——pufM基因,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,比较分析了在微生物分离培养中常用的3种碳源(葡萄糖、丙酮酸钠、酵母提取物)对乌梁素海水体总细菌及AAPB群落结构的影响.结果表明,不同碳源诱导7~21 d后,水体总细菌群落丰富度及多样性指数均有不同程度的提升,AAPB群落则呈现先升后降的趋势.3种碳源中,丙酮酸钠添加后对总细菌及AAPB菌群的丰富度和多样性的提升效果最好.测序及系统发育结果表明,乌梁素海水体经诱导后新检测到了一些原环境中未发现的菌属,一些具有特殊碳代谢能力的菌属丰度得到了提升.本研究为充分认识和理解AAPB的生态学作用和意义,及其富集、分离和培养提供了基础依据.  相似文献   

鳙、鲢鱼鳞作为稳定同位素研究非致命采样替代物的有效性     

王玉玉  徐军  雷光春 《湖泊科学》2014,26(6):853-856

稳定同位素分析技术已成为食物网研究中的关键技术,通用方法是取鱼类背部白色肌肉,在实际应用过程会导致鱼类的死亡,因而有所局限.使用非致命组织作为稳定同位素研究中的替代组织越来越得到关注,但是目前国内尚未开展相关研究.比较鳙(Aristichthy nobilis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼鳞与肌肉组织中δ13C和δ15N比值,发现鳙、鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织中δ13C和δ15N比值均有显著差异.鱼鳞δ13C比值比肌肉更富集,平均高2.54‰,而δ15N比值比肌肉平均低0.7‰.对鳙、鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ15N比值含量进行相关分析发现,通过构建线性模型,可用校正后的鱼鳞δ15N比值替代肌肉组织δ15N比值.鲢的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ13C比值存在显著线性相关,而鳙的鱼鳞与肌肉组织δ13C比值无显著相关关系.  相似文献   

Distribution of organic carbon in bed sediments of Manoa Stream,Oahu, Hawaii     

Ross A. Sutherland 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(7):571-583

Organic carbon (OC) associated with fluvial bed sediment plays an important role in biotic and abiotic processes operating within drainage basins. Increasingly, there is a need to characterize storage and spatial distributions of OC in aquatic sediments, particularly under-sampled areas like tropical streams. The objectives of this study were to examine in detail the variation of OC concentration with bed sediment grain size, to characterize the influence of grain size variation on relative OC mass storage, and to compare weighted OC values to those in other aquatic sediments worldwide. The study area selected was a third-order dendritic drainage basin developed in a basaltic complex. Bed sediments along a 6 km section of Manoa Stream were systematically sampled every 50 m for a total of 113 sample site locations. Sediments were partitioned into six size fractions (< 2·0 mm) and OC was determined by dry combustion. Data indicate that the OC concentration increases with decreasing grain size, with the greatest values in the < 0·063 mm (silt + clay) fraction, approximately 4·6 times greater than the very coarse sand fraction (1·00–2·00 mm). Robust smoothing techniques illustrated a general decrease in OC concentration downstream for the size fractions < 0·25 mm. Bed sediments were dominated by size fractions coarser than 0·5 mm (80 per cent of the total distribution) and only about 2 per cent in the fractions less than 0·13 mm. Combining information on OC concentration per size fraction and the mass contribution of each fraction to the whole sample, it was observed that fractions coarser than 0·5 mm had eight to 12 times the storage of OC per kilogram of bed sediments than the fractions finer than 0·13 mm. Weighted OC values for Manoa Stream were on average 6·7 g-OC kg−1, and these were similar to those reported in the literature for a variety of sediments in aquatic environments, both freshwater and marine. These data provide important information on the relative mass storage of OC in bed sediments and their longitudinal patterns in a tropical fluvial environment. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

河口有机碳研究综述   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

张龙军  宫萍  张向上 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(5):737-744,842

河口作为陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统的交汇处,是陆海相互作用和全球碳循环研究的焦点之一.河口区物质来源的多样性,有机碳输入、生成、降解、再生及相互转化等行为是近年来关注的热点,国内外许多学者对河口有机碳的来源及其相互转化机制等方面开展了一系列颇具成果的研究.文章主要从判别河口有机碳来源的研究方法及其盐度、最大浑浊带、生物活动等环境因子对有机碳形态转化的影响等角度对国内外河口有机碳研究状况作了综述,并展望河口有机碳生物地球化学研究的发展趋势.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖湿地溶解性有机质的光化学属性对水体光活性中间体(PPRIs)季节性变化的影响     

刘新  尉艺  李文康  吴定桂  金伟  江和龙  徐华成  宋娜 《湖泊科学》2024,36(3):807-816

湿地的水文和水化学在时空尺度上会呈现显著差异,进而会引发光化学反应的变化,光活性中间体(PPRIs)是水体间接光反应的产物,具有极强的氧化性,对水环境中有机物和污染物的归驱具有重要的影响,因此迫切需要探究湿地中PPRIs的产生过程。本研究通过捕获剂法监测了鄱阳湖湿地4个季节水体中3种PPRIs(¹O₂、·OH及³CDOM^*)的产生速率和稳态浓度的变化,并通过紫外吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱、以及傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱等技术对水体中可溶性有机质(DOM)组分的化学特征进行分析,揭示了鄱阳湖湿地不同季节水体中的DOM的光化学反应特性及与PPRIs产生的相关性。结果发现:鄱阳湖夏季和秋季水体的pH值、溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度较高,相反,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐浓度在夏季和秋季较低。夏季和秋季的DOM中芳香族化合物丰度较高,并且木质素丰度明显高于冬季和春季。不同季节鄱阳湖水体有色可溶性有机物产生能力依次为秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。夏季和秋季水体中¹O₂和·OH产生速率和稳态浓度显著高于春季和冬季水体。pH、DOC、E2/E3、脂类、蛋白类及木质素类与PPRIs产生速率展现出了良好的正相关关系,尤其是其中的DOC与木质素类组分;另外在三维荧光指标结果中,荧光指数(FI)和新鲜度指数(β/α)与PPRIs呈现负相关关系,证明FI值越低即DOM陆源性越高、非新生DOM比例越高,则PPRIs产生速率越高。综上,PPRIs的光化学产生与植物源DOM密切相关。与春季和冬季相比,夏季和秋季鄱阳湖水体的有机质高,而其中DOM组分中芳香族化合物丰度较高,主要来自陆生植物和土壤有机质,其有机质的腐殖化水平较高,而在春季和冬季水体有机质主要来自湖泊本身和微生物产生的有机质,属于内源。淹水植物残体降解过程释放的有机组分,对夏、秋季DOM的来源和组成有着极易被忽视的影响和作用,而其中光化学活性较强的有机组分如木质素是造成其PPRIs产率更高的主要原因。  相似文献   

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) as a Sum Parameter of Water Pollution in Selected Polish Rivers (Vistula,Odra, and Warta)     

J. Siepak 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(5):282-285

This paper reports on total organic carbon (TOC) and its fractions dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) studied in different Polish rivers. The samples investigated came from the Vistula, Odra, and Warta rivers, and were compared with similar data on river waters available in the literature. The DOC concentrations ranged from 10.0 to 14.2 mg/L and did not vary during the vegetative season. The POC values considerably increased from May through September and reached a maximum in summer. Results for the years 1991τ1996 evidenced a significant increase in the POC value for the Polish rivers from 10.8 to 24.5 mg/L, in comparison with analogous values for West European rivers and North American ones. The enhanced values of TOC and POC were interpreted as being due to anthropogenic pollution.  相似文献   

新疆碳排放影响因素分析与政策建议     

霍金炜  杨德刚  唐宏 《地理科学进展》2012,31(4):435-441

气候变化和二氧化碳减排问题已引起全世界的关注.本文运用岭回归分析1995-2008 年新疆碳排放与人口、经济、技术间的关系,并进一步探讨了产业结构和主导产业对碳排放的影响,以寻找减排的技术路线和对策,推动区域低碳经济的发展.结果表明：①不合理的经济结构和人口增长对碳排放有显著的推动作用,技术进步虽在一定程度上缓解了碳排放,但影响甚微;②新疆过分依赖自然资源的经济增长方式和以第二产业为主的经济结构是导致温室气体排放量增加的主要原因;③研究期间,新疆的主导产业均为以石油天然气开采、石油化工、煤化工为主的重工业,但其在工业总产值的比重却有较大提升,导致对能源的消耗急剧增加.未来在全球化背景下,新疆应转变经济增长模式,加大生态保护力度,更多地依靠科技创新、技术进步和制度的改进,大力发展低碳产业.  相似文献   

Bed material texture in low order streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands,British Columbia     

Stephen Rice  Michael Church 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(1):1-18

Low order channels comprise a large proportion of the links of every drainage basin, and are often at the centre of land management concerns. They exhibit hydrological and geomorphological characteristics atypical of higher order links. This paper examines the nature and causes of variations in the bed material texture of two streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. The extant, functional exponential model is found to be inadequate for explaining observed changes in grain size parameters with distance downstream. Recurrent disruption of sediment transport by large organic debris jams, and the sporadic contamination of the fluvial sediment population by colluvial inputs, preclude the development of longitudinal structure. Rather, grain size varies erratically over short distances. A stochastic model best describes the observed variations, and should be adopted as an alternative to the exponential model in low order links. Characteristic variances are controlled by the degree of hillslope-channel coupling, and the extent and characteristics of non-alluvial storage mechanisms.  相似文献