褒禅山华阳洞的形成机理及保护意义     

张春雷  夏琼  高雅  胡晨  查世新  马国明 《安徽地质》2016,26(2):132-134

褒禅山华阳洞主体发育于二叠系栖霞组灰岩中,是含山地区重要的地质遗迹之一。笔者从区域地质演化过程入手,针对岩溶洞穴发育的物质基础、局部构造条件、水流的定向溶蚀及新构造运动等方面进行综合研究,简要分析了华阳洞的形成机理,并从地学研究、旅游价值等方面阐述了对其保护的重要意义。  相似文献   

Preliminary investigation of Late Pleistocene fauna from Ryonggok Cave No. 1, Sangwon County,North Hwanghae Province,Democratic People's Republic of Korea     

Rye Sun Choe  Kum Sik Han  Se Chan Kim  Myong Hyok Ri  Jae Nam Ri 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1137-1142

The investigation of a limestone cave on the Ryonggok-ri of Sangwon County, North Hwanghae Province, DPRK, has yielded many faunal remains including Late Pleistocene deer, brown bears and horses. Uranium series dating of fossil teeth yielded dates of ~72ka at the base of Layer 2 – the bone-bearing unit – and ~44ka at the top. The rich and diverse mammal remains of Ryonggok Cave No. 1 are indicative of warm and humid temperate conditions during the Late Pleistocene, and reflect the presence of both dense forests and open grassland. In addition, pollen and spores from the site include two families and 24 genera of trees, six families and a genus of grasses and herbs, and two families and six genera of ferns, corroborating the environments inferred from the faunal remains.  相似文献   

Legal protection for caves in the United States     

G. N. Huppert 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(2):121-123

This study reviews significant state and federal laws that can be used to protect karst, caves, and associated unique minerals and biota. The first state cave protection act was passed in Colorado in 1883; unfortunately it was repealed in 1971. From that modest beginning there are now a total of 22 states, Puerto Rico, and the Cherokee Nation that have specific cave protection acts. Most of these have been legislated during the last 20 years. There are a number of laws on the federal level that can be used for cave protection. The most important of these is the Federal Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988, which mandates cave conservation for many federal land management agencies. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 and the Federal Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1976 can also be of significant use in the conservation of caves on federal land. The effects of these acts are variable. One factor is how important agency officials and law enforcement officers regard caves. It has not been unusual that little was done in the way of protection or prosecution even when the perpetrators have been apprehended. This attitude is changing rapidly primarily because those involved in enforcing the laws have been educated to the uniqueness and values of caves and their contents.  相似文献   

Influences of agricultural practices on water quality of Tumbling Creek cave stream in Taney County,Missouri   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H.?Neill  M.?GutiérrezEmail author  T.?Aley 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(4):550-559

Influences of agricultural practices on water quality of the Tumbling Creek cave stream are of particular interest because of the karst nature of the area and the recent implementation of a Better Management Practice (BMP). Water quality parameters, measured bi-weekly during one year, consisted of pH, turbidity, water temperature, specific conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, and chloride. Heavy metals, nutrient and bacteria levels were also monitored during the study. Effects of land use were most obvious in turbidity, nitrate, chloride, and bacteria levels. Sites within the recharge area that pose a major threat to its water quality were identified. Results provide a baseline for these water quality parameters and their seasonal variability that can be used in future studies to address the effects of water quality and stream sediment contamination on the caves ecosystem and to determine the effectiveness of the BMP implemented in this karst area.  相似文献   

Chemistry of waters from selected caves in Slovakia—a reconnaissance study     

J. Motyka  M. Gradziński  P. Bella  P. Holúbek 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(6):682-692

The chemical composition of water samples was studied from different caves in Slovakia. The water samples were collected from caves of two karst regions: (1) the Demänovský Cave System (DCS), situated in the Low Tatra Mountains (Northern Slovakia), which is mainly formed of limestone and dolomites; and (2) the Slovakian Karst to the Southeast is formed of limestone. A considerable difference between water from the two regions was shown. The waters from the DCS, that were controlled by vadose water percolating through different types of host rocks, contained more Mg ions than those from the Slovakian Karst caves whereas, the concentration of SO₄ was controlled by the dissolution of displacive gypsum and/or oxidation of pyrite. The distribution of NO₃ in the studied samples was random, hence nitrates probably derived from few pollution sources. The total mineralization of the water was covariant with calcite and aragonite saturation indices. In general, both parameters are higher in the Slovakian Karst caves than in the DCS. It is controlled probably by differences in climatic conditions, soil and plant covers between these two regions. The main goal of this article is to characterize the major-ion water chemistry within the studied caves as well as some microelements. The results have confirmed the dominant role of the bedrock petrography in forming the general chemistry of cave waters.  相似文献   

龙岩龙崆洞岩溶地质特征及景点成因浅析     

张顺金  曾炳林 《福建地质》1997,16(4):186-195

闽西龙岩龙崆洞风景区地下岩溶发育，6层水平溶洞与竖洞、斜洞纵横相接，总面积5．4×104m2。景区有大小景点百余处，其成因以碳酸盐岩岩溶为主，兼有花岗岩山岳地貌及动植物景观。  相似文献   

北京猿人洞穴堆积气候地层的重新划分与对比     

刘泽纯  周春林  陈晔 《地层学杂志》2003,27(1):26-32

周口店第一地点洞穴四十余米厚的堆积层自下而上共分为 17层 ,新近测量的年代推前了近 2 0 0 ka。对堆积层所含哺乳动物化石和孢粉资料进行聚类统计和因子分析 ,结合风化系数和微量元素含量等古气候代用指标 ,重新定量地描绘它所记录的古气候波动旋回。根据第 2层 TIMS测年为 410 ka B.P.,第 14层上部是磁性地层测量的B/ M界线 ,可以将该洞穴堆积层 1— 14层对比于深海岩心 δ1 8O气候曲线的 11— 19段或中国黄土—古土壤序列S4— S7,并且古气候旋回内的次级波动也可进行一定程度的对比。  相似文献   

云南喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地生命周期调控机制研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

李亚  任敬  赵福祥 《云南地理环境研究》2003,15(4):26-31

喀斯特洞穴是一种特殊的旅游资源，具有地域上的普遍性、共性大，独特性小、空间竞争替代性强、开发后资源本身变化大等方面的特征。同时，喀斯特洞穴又具有特殊的旅游生命周期，往往没有探查阶段和参与阶段，直接进入发展阶段。因此，以Butler旅游地生命周期理论为支撑，通过实地调查，对喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地的生命周期进行详细研究，并结合典型案例分析，编制喀斯特洞穴旅游地生命周期曲线，分析影响曲线的因子，提出调控喀斯特洞穴旅游地生命周期的途径和方法，将对喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地的开发具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

人类牙齿表面痕迹与人类生存适应及行为特征——湖北郧西黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿使用痕迹   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘武  武仙竹  吴秀杰  裴树文 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1014-1022

人类为获取食物和满足其他需求而使用牙齿从事的各类非咀嚼性活动在牙齿表面形成使用痕迹。牙齿使用痕迹与古人类的行为特征关系密切,记录了丰富的古人类生存环境、食物构成、获取食物的方式、行为模式及生活习俗等方面的信息。对黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿的观察发现:黄龙洞人类前部牙齿表面具有釉质破损与崩裂、齿冠唇面破损、齿间邻接面沟3种类型的使用痕迹。根据这些牙齿使用痕迹的分布和表现特点,推测生活在黄龙洞的更新世晚期人类经常使用前部牙齿从事啃咬、叼衔、或剥离坚韧的食物或非食物物品等活动,并可能将前部牙齿作为工具使用;齿间邻接面沟提示当时人类经常从事剔牙活动。结合已经在黄龙洞发现的其他人类活动证据,我们认为当时人类可能从事狩猎活动,食物构成中包含有较多的肉类及粗纤维植物。  相似文献   

湖北郧西黄龙洞骨化石表面改造痕迹研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王运辅  武仙竹  裴树文  钟丽英 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1034-1041

湖北黄龙洞遗址出土有距今约10万年的7枚晚期智人牙齿化石,以及大量哺乳动物化石,并发掘出石制品和骨制品等。本研究使用光学显微镜、超景深数码显微镜以及三维扫描仪等对该遗址骨化石表面具有明显改造痕迹的标本进行形态学观察,并参考国内外关于标本表面改造痕迹的认识,对痕迹性质(种类)进行鉴定。然后以鉴定工作为基础,对痕迹在骨骼表面的分布组合特征进行量化分析。痕迹研究结果支持了发掘者此前提出的关于黄龙洞骨骼堆积属于原地埋藏的研究结论,并表明:黄龙洞内古人类的狩猎与屠宰等活动,是造成洞穴内骨骼堆积的主要原因;当时古人类可能在居址附近猎获动物后,将动物集中到洞穴内进行过较细致的屠宰。居住在黄龙洞的古人类屠宰技术行为主要有:切割、刮切、砍斫和砸击等。大多数切割痕迹主要是为了剥取肉食,部分位于骨骺端的切割痕迹以及砍斫痕迹是肢解行为的结果,而砸击痕迹则与取食骨髓以及骨器制作的行为有关。与人工痕迹同时出现的动物改造痕迹还反映出食肉动物和啮齿动物对人类遗留在洞穴内的骨骼有一定程度的再利用。  相似文献