Recent variations of supraglacial lakes on the Baltoro Glacier in the central Karakoram Himalaya and its possible teleconnections with the pacific decadal oscillation     

Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil  Nilceia Bianchini  Ulisses Franz Bremer  Éder Leandro Bayer Maier  Jefferson Cardia Simões 《国际地球制图》2016,31(1):109-119

This study discusses the formation and variations of supraglacial lakes on the Baltoro glacier system in the central Karakoram Himalaya during the last four decades. We mapped supraglacial lakes on the Baltoro Glacier from 1978 to 2014 using Landsat MSS, TM, ETM + and LCDM images. Most of the glacial lakes were formed or expanded during the late 1970s–2008. After 2008, the total number and the area of glacial lakes were found to be lesser compared to previous years. We tried to find any teleconnections exists between the glacial lake changes in this region and the pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), which entered its prolonged warm regime in the late 1970s and again to its cold regime in 2008, based on observational investigation. The decrease in the number and area of the supraglacial lakes after 2008 is hypothesised to be linked with the recent cold phase of PDO.  相似文献   

基于第二次冰川编目数据的中国冰川高度结构特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张鲜鹤  王欣  刘时银  郭万钦  魏俊锋 《地理学报》2017,72(3):397-406

主要基于第二次中国冰川编目数据,计算和分析中国西部各个山脉冰川面积随高度分布特征、冰川平衡线高度场的分布规律和积累区比率的分布特征。结果表明：① 各个山脉冰川面积随高度分布呈近似正态分布,冰川最大面积所占总面积的百分比与冰川分布高度差的比值可以作为描述冰川面积随高度分布的形状参数;② 平衡线高度的分布特征受气候和地形影响,由南向北逐渐降低,由东向西逐渐升高;西北和南部高大山脉边缘比较密集,青藏高原内部比较稀疏。③ 冰川积累区比率的分布特征与水汽、地形和物理冰川属性有关。各大山脉外侧和海洋型冰川区积累区比率较小（<0.5）,山脉内侧及高原内陆地区和极大陆型冰川区的积累区比率较大（>0.7）。  相似文献   

控制点布设对冰川区无人机摄影测量精度的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘宇硕  秦翔  郭万钦  高思如  陈记祖  王利辉  李延召  晋子振 《遥感学报》2020,24(2):161-172

冰川监测是冰冻圈科学研究中的一项重要基础内容,获取高质量冰川DEM和DOM数据是研究的基础。随着无人机技术的兴起,给冰川监测提供了全新的技术手段,然而冰川区开展无人机摄影测量时,地面控制点的布设与测量成为能否获取高精度数据产品的关键,而山地冰川往往伴随着地形复杂,行走困难,野外实地测量难以全面实施等不利因素。本研究中以位于祁连山西段大雪山地区的老虎沟12号冰川末端部分为研究区域,设计实施了多种控制点布设方案,使用低空微型无人机飞行3个架次,获取研究区航摄影像。通过对比控制点在不同分布情况及数量情况下,DEM和DOM数据检查点的精度,评价不同控制点布设方案的可行性。对比结果显示,在航飞过程中使用单格网模式即可获取高精度的影像数据;实施地面控制作业时,使用5—7个控制点均匀分布在测量区即可获取较高精度的图像数据;当冰川区不能满足均匀布设控制点时,可沿冰川主流线布设足够数量的控制点,所得图像精度也可以满足冰川学研究要求;若只能在冰川中下部或者中上部布设控制点,则控制点应覆盖冰面起伏较大的区域。  相似文献   

Preliminary Results on Hydrological and Hydrochemical Features of Kartamak Glacier Area in Mt. Muztag Ata   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

ZHAO Huabiao YAO Tandong XU Baiqing 《山地科学学报》2007,4(1):077-085

The variations of the meltwater runoff draining from Kartamak Glacier in Mt. Muztag Ata in China were studied by using the measured hydrological data from 1 June to 25 August 2003. The meltwater runoff is mainly affected by ambient temperature and precipitation. Meltwater and precipitation samples were collected from 10 to 23 August 2003. Their pH, EC (electric conductivity) and the major ions (Na~ , K~ , Ca~(2 ), Mg~(2 ), Cl~-, NO_3~-, SO_~4~(2-)) were determined. pH values showed a positive correlation with EC values for all samples. Meltwater samples were slightly alkaline. Sulfate and calcium were the dominant anion and cation in the measured ions, respectively. All the ion concentrations had inverse relationships with runoff or water level. In order to discuss the origins of dissolved chemical substances in the glacial meltwater, a principal component analysis was carried out. The results showed that water-rock interaction determined the ion components of the meltwater.  相似文献   

Modification and testing of a one‐dimensional energy and mass balance model for supraglacial snowpacks     

Andrew M. Fox  Ian C. Willis  Neil S. Arnold 《水文研究》2008,22(16):3194-3209

A one‐dimensional energy and mass balance snow model (SNTHERM) has been modified for use with supraglacial snowpacks and applied to a point on Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. It has been adapted to incorporate the underlying glacier ice and a site‐specific, empirically derived albedo routine. Model performance was tested against continuous measurements of snow depth and meltwater outflow from the base of the snowpack, and intermittent measurements of surface albedo and snowpack density profiles collected during the 1993 and 2000 melt seasons. Snow and ice ablation was simulated accurately. The timing of the daily pattern of meltwater outflow was well reproduced, although magnitudes were generally underestimated, possibly indicating preferential flow into the snowpack lysimeter. The model was used to assess the quantity of meltwater stored temporally within the unsaturated snowpack and meltwater percolation rates, which were found to be in agreement with dye tracer experiments undertaken on this glacier. As with other energy balance studies on alpine valley glaciers, the energy available for melt was dominated by net radiation (64%), with a sizable contribution from sensible heat flux (36%) and with a negligible latent heat flux overall, although there was more complex temporal variation on diurnal timescales. A basic sensitivity analysis indicated that melt rates were most sensitive to radiation, air temperature and snowpack density, indicating the need to accurately extrapolate/interpolate these variables when developing a spatially distributed framework for this model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Study on the spatial and temporal variations of the surface albedo on Muz Taw Glacier,Sawir Mountains北大核心CSCD     

余凤臣  王璞玉  刘琳  李宏亮  张正勇  王统霞  何捷  高煜  张明羽 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1717-1729

冰川反照率时空变化特征研究对于评估冰川能量物质平衡及认识冰川消融过程至关重要。本文基于高空间分辨率的Landsat OLI影像和高时间分辨率的MOD10A1产品,并结合冰面反照率实测数据,开展了2011—2021年北疆萨吾尔山木斯岛冰川表面反照率的时空变化特征及其对冰川物质平衡影响的研究。结果表明:Landsat反演反照率和MOD10A1反照率与同期内冰面实测反照率的相关性分别为0.95和0.62,均显示木斯岛冰川表面反照率存在显著的时空变化特征;在空间尺度上,冰面反照率沿主流线整体随海拔升高呈增加趋势。但由于局部地形差异,反照率在海拔3 600 m以下区域随海拔升高出现下降趋势;在同一海拔处,反照率沿冰川两侧边缘向中部递增。2011—2021年,冰川年均反照率微弱增加,消融期内(5—8月)平均反照率与全年平均反照率的变化速率分别为0.0024 a-1和0.0017 a-1;逐月反照率具有显著的季节变化特征,6—8月冰面反照率较低(0.330),12月—次年2月冰面反照率较高(0.586);消融期内冰川消融区反照率下降幅度大于积累区。研究进一步表明,夏季(6—8月)平均反照率与冰川物质平衡存在显著的正相关(R=0.84,P<0.01),气温、固态降水、云量、太阳入射角、吸光性杂质等是影响冰川反照率变化的重要因素。该研究将对冰川消融过程和机理、能量物质平衡模拟等工作提供重要的基础支撑。  相似文献   

青藏高原典型大陆性冰川表面消融期溶解性有机质演化特征分析——以祁连山老虎沟12号冰川为例     

冯琳  徐建中  翟立翔 《冰川冻土》2021,43(3):874-884

冰尘是冰川消融区表面黑色或棕色的球状聚合体,是冰川表面微生物的主要聚集区,同时含有丰富的溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter, DOM）,在冰川物质能量平衡、生物地球化学循环特别是碳循环中发挥着重要作用。在冰川消融期,受环境条件和微生物活动水平等方面的影响,冰川表面DOM的含量是动态变化的。为了研究冰尘中DOM的演化过程,于2017年7月在青藏高原东北部典型大陆性冰川老虎沟12号冰川消融区表面开展了为期18天的冰尘原位培养实验。结果显示：培养初期（第0~6天）,冰尘水样中溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度从13.41 mg?L^-1显著降低到4.47 mg?L^-1,培养后期（第6~18天）,增加至6.71 mg?L^-1;用特征紫外吸光度SUVA₂₅₄分析培养期间“光-生物”演化过程对DOC吸光性的影响,结果表明：SUVA₂₅₄的值先显著降低后显著升高,表明长时间的光照和微生物作用导致DOC浓度增加的同时,具有光吸收作用的化合物含量也显著增加。利用傅立叶离子回旋共振质谱分析DOM的分子组分发现,整个培养过程中（第0~18天）,DOM中多肽类和脂类分子含量明显减少,不饱和烃类、芳烃类以及多环芳烃类化合物含量增加。分析第0天,第6天,第9天和第18天四个培养时段特有DOM分子组成的变化发现,“光-生物”演化过程使得冰尘中DOM的组成不断由脂类和多肽类向不饱和烃类、芳烃类以及多环芳烃类化合物转化。  相似文献   

水稳定同位素示踪的冰川流域水文模拟及不确定性研究     

何天豪  高红凯  李向应  韩添丁  贺志华  张志才  段峥  刘敏  丁永建 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1130-1143

水文模拟不确定性长期以来是制约寒区水文发展的瓶颈问题。水稳定同位素示踪为认识冰川流域径流过程提供了重要“指纹”信息,但仍缺乏有效模型将该信息与冰川水文模型耦合,而且同位素信息对冰川流域水文模型不确定性的约束效果也有待检验。将水稳定同位素信息（δ¹⁸O）与冰川流域水文模型FLEX^G相耦合,实现对冰川流域水稳定同位素和径流过程的耦合建模（FLEX^G-iso）,并在乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川流域进行模拟检验和径流分割。结果表明：模型不仅对2013—2016年径流过程有良好的模拟效果,还可以重现水稳定同位素、冰川物质平衡等重要过程。利用水稳定同位素这一辅助数据,提高了模型参数的识别能力,减少了模拟过程中各水源的相互妥协效应和不确定性范围。2013—2016年1号冰川断面径流32%~34%来自融雪,48%~51%来自融冰,0%~7%来自地下水,12%~15%来自降雨径流。水稳定同位素对雪和冰川相关中间过程有明显的约束能力,原有模型对融冰贡献的模拟偏高约7%。FLEX^G-iso模型的建立有助于推动寒区水文学理论和方法的发展,以及寒区水资源、生态环境保护等相关决策制定。  相似文献   

Applicability of Landsat 8 data for characterizing glacier facies and supraglacial debris     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

The present work evaluates the applicability of operational land imager (OLI) and thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) on-board Landsat 8 satellite. We demonstrate an algorithm for automated mapping of glacier facies and supraglacial debris using data collected in blue, near infrared (NIR), short wave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) bands. The reflectance properties in visible and NIR regions of OLI for various glacier facies are in contrast with those in SWIR region. Based on the premise that different surface types (snow, ice and debris) of a glacier should show distinct thermal regimes, the ‘at-satellite brightness temperature’ obtained using TIRS was used as a base layer for developing the algorithm. This base layer was enhanced and modified using contrasting reflectance properties of OLI bands. In addition to facies and debris cover characterization, another interesting outcome of this algorithm was extraction of crevasses on the glacier surface which were distinctly visible in output and classified images. The validity of this algorithm was checked using field data along a transect of the glacier acquired during the satellite pass over the study area. With slight scene-dependent threshold adjustments, this work can be replicated for mapping glacier facies and supraglacial debris in any alpine valley glacier.  相似文献   

近期乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川成冰带及雪层剖面特征研究   总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5  

李向应  李忠勤  尤晓妮  王飞腾  李传金  朱宇曼 《冰川冻土》2006,28(1):37-44

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川的成冰带20世纪60年代初,自下而上划分为4个成冰带;1988年,由于气候变暖,冰川上部的冷渗浸重结晶带消失,被渗浸带所取代.对近期1号冰川的成冰带进行了划分,并通过大量雪坑资料,研究论述了目前1号冰川雪层剖面的层位特征.研究发现,由于气候变暖,剖面特征和成冰带谱有由“冷”向“暖”的转化趋势.同时还发现,1号冰川东支顶部发生了强烈的消融现象,该处已由渗浸带转化为具有强烈消融特征的局部消融区.  相似文献