The permanence of stream networks in britain: Some further comments     

T. P. Burt  A. T. Gardiner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1982,7(4):327-332

The conclusions of Ovenden and Gregory (1980) are reviewed in the context of a stream network on the blanket peat moorland of the Southern Pennines. The very great disparity between the 1:10560 map network and the present channel system suggests that the original survey only included the major tributaries. Map accuracy in areas of peat moorland must therefore be treated with some caution particularly if no air photograph or field checking can be done. Some problems of network definition in the peat moorlands are also briefly discussed.  相似文献   

A note on topological matrices and characteristic polynomials of fourth-magnitude drainage net maps     

Neil L. Coleman 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(5):485-491

I suggest that a connection matrix and a characteristic polynomial, which can be formed for any drainage net, using Shreve link magnitudes, may be used in studying drainage nets. I show how the matrix and the polynomial can be formed, using selected drainage nets as examples.  相似文献   

Boundary effects of rainfall-induced landslides     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

In the study of landslides, it is generally assumed that an impermeable boundary exists at a certain depth and failure occurs at this boundary. In reality this is not always the case and failures can occur at any depth. This paper aims to study the effect of boundary conditions on landslides, using a series of seepage and stability analyses performed over a range of rainfall intensities, and for different failure mechanisms, by studying the failure time and depths corresponding to fully drained, partially drained, and impermeable boundaries. It is shown that these conditions can significantly affect the occurrence and depth of rainfall-induced landslides.  相似文献   

Geomorphic indices and relative tectonic uplift in the Guerrero sector of the Mexican forearc     

Krzysztof Gaidzik  María Teresa Ramírez-Herrera 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(4):885-902

Tectonically active areas, such as forearc regions, commonly show contrasting relief, differential tectonic uplift, variations in erosion rates, in river incision, and in channel gradient produced by ongoing tectonic deformation. Thus, information on the tectonic activity of a defined area could be derived via landscape analysis. This study uses topography and geomorphic indices to extract signals of ongoing tectonic deformation along the Mexican subduction forearc within the Guerrero sector. For this purpose, we use field data, topographical data, knickpoints, the ratio of volume to area (R_VA), the stream-length gradient index (SL), and the normalized channel steepness index (k_sn).The results of the applied landscape analysis reveal considerable variations in relief, topography and geomorphic indices values along the Guerrero sector of the Mexican subduction zone. We argue that the reported differences are indicative of tectonic deformation and of variations in relative tectonic uplift along the studied forearc. A significant drop from central and eastern parts of the study area towards the west in values of R_VA (from ～500 to ～300), SL (from ～500 to ca. 400), maximum SL (from ～1500–2500 to ～1000) and k_sn (from ～150 to ～100) denotes a decrease in relative tectonic uplift in the same direction. We suggest that applied geomorphic indices values and forearc topography are independent of climate and lithology. Actual mechanisms responsible for the observed variations and inferred changes in relative forearc tectonic uplift call for further studies that explain the physical processes that control the forearc along strike uplift variations and that determine the rates of uplift. The proposed methodology and results obtained through this study could prove useful to scientists who study the geomorphology of forearc regions and active subduction zones.  相似文献   

Variation in hydraulic geometry for stable versus incised streams in the Yazoo River basin-USA     

Nidal Hadadin 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(1)

The effects of basin hydrology on hydraulic geometry of channels variability for incised streams were investigated using available field data sets and models of watershed hydrology and channel hydraulics for the Yazoo River basin,USA.The study presents the hydraulic geometry relations of bankfull discharge,channel width,mean depth,cross-sectional area,longitudinal slope,unit stream power,and mean velocity at bankfull discharge as a function of drainage area using simple linear regression.The hydraulic geometry relations were developed for 61 streams,20 of them are classified as channel evolution model(CEM) Types Ⅳ and Ⅴ and 41 of them are CEM streams Types Ⅱ and Ⅲ.These relationships are invaluable to hydraulic and water resources engineers,hydrologists,and geomorphologists involved in stream restoration and protection.These relations can be used to assist in field identification of bankfull stage and stream dimension in un-gauged watersheds as well as estimation of the comparative stability of a stream channel.A set of hydraulic geometry relations are presented in this study,these empirical relations describe physical correlations for stable and incised channels.Cross-sectional area,which combines the effects of channel width and mean channel depth,was found to be highly responsive to changes in drainage area and bankfull discharge.Analyses of cross-sectional area,channel width,mean channel depth,and mean velocity in conjunction with changes in drainage area and bankfull discharge indicated that the channel width is much more responsive to changes in both drainage area and bankfull discharge than are mean channel depth or mean velocity.  相似文献   

太湖流域南河水系无尺度结构   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

苏伟忠  杨桂山 《湖泊科学》2008,20(4):514-519

基于图论和无尺度结构视角及节点度指标初步探讨太湖流域南河水系结构的数量特征和空间秩序,为辨识和模拟域水文情势提供重要参数.主要结论如下:太湖流域南河水系结构的数量节点度不符合幂次分布,而长度和等级节点度符台无尺度结构;南河水系结构符合Horton第一定律和第二定律,同时此类特征亦符合无尺度结构,但指数函数回归模拟的R<'2>相比乘幂函数回归模拟的R<'2>较低;由幂次定律所支配的这种水系网络特征状况是由地区地形、农业灌溉、圩区建设和城市化过程共同推动;从节点度角度看,南河下游圩区使得河网数量节点度增加,等级节点度和长度节点度降低.  相似文献   

Drainage Network and Lineament Analysis： An Approach for Potwar Plateau （Northern Pakistan）   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

Faisal SHAHZAD  Syed Amer MAHMOOD  Richard GLOAGUEN 《山地科学学报》2009,6(1):14-24

Drainage responds rapidly to tectonic changes and thus it is a potential parameter for teetonogeomorphological analysis. Drainage network of Potwar is a good geological record of movement, displacements, regional uplifts and erosion of the tectonic units. This study focuses on utilizing drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Digital Elevation Data （SRTM-DEM） in order to constrain the structure of the Potwar Plateau. SWAN syncline divides Potwar into northern Potwar deformed zone （NPDZ） and southern Potwar platform zone （SPPZ）. We extracted the drainage network from DEM and analyzed 112 streams using stream power law. Spatial distribution of concavity and steepness indices were used to prepare uplift rate map for the area. DEM was further utilized to extract lineaments to study the mutual relationship between lineaments and drainage patterns. We compared the local correlation between the extracted lineaments and drainage network of the area that gives us quantitative information and shows promising prospects. The streams in the NPDZ indicate high steepness values as compared to the streams in the SPPZ. The spatial distribution of geomorphic parameters distinctive deformation and uplift rates suggest the among eastern, central and western parts. The local correlation between drainage network and lineaments from DEM is strongly positive in the area within I km of radius.  相似文献