The application of uranium series disequilibrium concepts to sediment yield determination     

A. J. Plater  R. E. Dugdale  M. Ivanovich 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(2):171-182

The determination of uranium series disequilibria in fluvial environments is proposed as a method of calculating catchment mass balances. The technique is based on two main principles. Firstly, ²³⁴U is more mobile than ²³⁸U, especially during the early stages of weathering. Secondly, uranium is far more mobile than either thorium or protactinium. Consequently, teaching during weathering results in the loss of the uranium found in the fresh rock, leaving the two immobile daughters behind. The ratio of uranium carried by sediment to that dissolved, U_S/U_W can, therefore, be determined from river water and sediment isotopic activity ratios. Fluxes of uranium can then be calculated from average concentrations in the water and the associated sediment, from which a sediment yield can be inferred. The Witham catchment in Lincolnshire has been used to test the proposed method. A U_S/U_W ratio of between 5 and 7 is determined and a sediment yield of 2.51 ± 2.12 tonnes yr^?1 km^?2 is proposed. Although some problems concerning environmental chemistry have arisen, the validity of the approach is confirmed by the close correspondence between the results obtained and those inferred by earlier workers using more conventional methods.  相似文献   

勘探工程地质统计信息法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡光道  赵鹏大 《地球科学》1988,(2)

勘探工程地质统计信息法试图运用定量评价准则研究勘探工程,而定量评价准则是建立在矿体数学模型基础上。本文在最优勘探方案和最优工程位置选择方面作了一些研究。  相似文献   

Explorations into the formal structure of drainage basins     

Christian Werner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(8):747-762

Every basin of higher than first order is drained by a channel network composed of two subnetworks. Their basins are separated by a drainage divide line, called the basin divider, which is the primary organizing feature of the main basin. Each basin of magnitude n contains n – 1 subnetworks of higher order, and is therefore organized by a set of n – 1 dividers. The dividers and the basin boundary are interconnected in a graph called the divider network of the basin; in graph-theoretic terms this network forms a tree and has the same magnitude and link numbers as the channel network draining the basin. While the subbasins and subnetworks of a drainage basin form a nesting hierarchy, the corresponding dividers do not; indeed, any two dividers share at most one node in common, and whether they do so is independent of whether the corresponding subbasins are nesting or disjoint. However, the dividers of nesting basins are linked by recursive relationships which permit the derivation of a set of algebraic equations; these equations relate the dividers of a basin to other basin components; for example, their combined length is equal to half the length of all first-order basin boundaries minus the length of the main basin boundary. The second part of the paper explores the dependence of the divider length on other basin parameters. The expected length, as predicted by the assumption of topological randomness, is clearly rejected by the data. An alternative approach (regression) is based on the observed magnitudes of the subbasins separated by each divider, and is reasonably successful in estimating divider length. The last section introduces the concept of the standardized basin defined by a boundary length of unity; the estimated lengths of the basin divider and the basin boundary permit an approximate reconstruction of the idealized basin shape and the location of the divider in it.  相似文献   

钱塘江口涌潮的二维数值模拟   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

谭维炎  韩曾萃 《水科学进展》1995,6(2):83-93

应用二维有限体积法、Osher格式及间断拟合法,计算了钱塘江河口涌潮产生、发展到消亡的全过程。该算法能保证水量和动量守恒,且能适应水深巨大变化和动边界。根据钱塘江涌潮的特点,可将其合理概化为一线潮。在网格尺寸较大情况下,计算的一线潮仍保持高分辨率,能准确满足水力学间断条件,且计算量小,可以在微机上实现。在对某实测半日小潮进行率定后,对随后的大潮进行了验证计算,涌潮的主要特征(如涌潮高度、移速、水位和流场等)与实测资料符合良好,证实了模型的合理性和模拟能力。  相似文献   

EOF迭代方案恢复夏季大气环流场的试验          下载免费PDF全文

张邦林  丑纪范  孙昭渤 《大气科学》1993,17(6):673-678

本文设计了一种恢复夏季大气环流场的EOF(经验正交函数)迭代方案,并利用1951～1984年中国夏季降水距平场和北半球500hPa夏季高度距平场作镢复试验,数值试验效果较好.此项工作表明:利用某些长时间序列的资料通过EOF迭代方案恢复历史时期大气环流是可行的.  相似文献   

磁层亚暴扩展相的数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

金曙平 《地球物理学报》1990,33(6):629-638

本文用多步隐格式方法,求解包含电阻的磁流体力学方程组,对磁层亚暴扩展相作数值模拟.计算结果展现了亚暴扩展相期间磁尾变化的主要特征.它表明,球向和尾向等离子体流与准稳态重联有关.等离子体团的尾向喷发,致使中性线尾侧电流片内的密度降低,等离子体片变薄.中性线近地侧的等离子体团朝着地球运动,并合并于地球附近的重联区内.  相似文献   

水系分维的构造含义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

皇甫岗  王海 《地震研究》1990,13(4):389-395

本文运用分数维几何学,研究了河流水系分维与地壳里向运动、活动断裂格局及运动学特征的关联性。结果表明:1)地壳垂向运动控制大型河流主干的总体形态;2)活动断裂格局复杂、水平运动强烈的地区,水系分维值高;3)走滑断裂较斜滑断裂对水系发育的控制强烈,而后者主要起到对水系的分区作用。  相似文献   

裂隙岩石介质中核素迁移的模型及其算子分裂、迎风、均衡格式     

杨天行  王运国  姚磊华  谢运棉  张永兴  修炳林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1991,(3)

建立了放射性核素在裂隙岩石介质中迁移的双重介质模型,对模型的求解提出了一种新的数值方法—Galerkin有限元法与算子分裂、迎风、均衡格式相结合的新方法,给出了水质模型算子分裂、迎风、均衡格式的稳定性条件,且所得到的计算格式是非负的。最后通过对核素90Sr 100年、99Tc 1000年的预测计算,验证了本文所提方法的有效性和稳定性,并得出了一些有重要意义的结论。  相似文献   

机载合成孔径雷达图像频谱分析技术地质应用评价     

朱亮璞  金丽芳  李晓莉  龙云林 《遥感学报》1991,(2)

频谱分析是空间滤波的一种。本文使用光学傅里叶变换分析SAR图像的空间频率特征。从取得的功率谱与功率谱角分布数据中可以:(1)确定与雷达后向散射方向有关面的走向最大(最小)方位角;(2)分析频谱曲线两个峰的夹角及其地学意义;(3)推算其水系密度;(4)研究样区地形基本特征。 这些资料有助于研究线性构造区域展布特征,岩类识别和地貌分类等。  相似文献   

暴雨过程中积云对流反馈作用的诊断研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汪钟兴 《气象》1994,20(2):3-10

根据各收支方程讨论，概述了各研究者采用直接和间接的方法，计算得出长江流域梅雨期暴雨过程中各源汇的空间分布特征。虽然个例，地区和资料不同，其结果各有差异，易比较，但次网格尺度运动对不尺度环境场的反馈作用均非常显著，因而在设计暴雨预报的数值模式时，参数化方案是必不可少的。  相似文献