四川龙门山安县-灌县断裂带的特征——以汶川地震断裂带科学钻探3号孔(WFSD-3)岩心为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨光  李海兵  张伟  刘栋梁  司家亮  王焕  黄尧  李勇 《地质通报》2012,31(8):1219-1232

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探(WFSD)是由科技部、国土资源部和中国地震局联合组织实施的汶川地震断裂带科学钻探研究项目,计划在同震地表破裂带(龙门山映秀-北川断裂和安县-灌县断裂)的上盘布置5口科学群钻:WFSD-1、WFSD-2、WFSD-3、WFSD-3P和WFSD-4,其中WFSD-3和WFSD-3P位于龙门山前山断裂安县-灌县断裂的上盘。以WFSD-3钻孔岩心为研究对象,进行详细的岩石学、构造学、野外编录等研究。WFSD-3钻孔岩心中的断裂岩主要由断层角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥组成,未见假玄武玻璃。钻孔中存在26条规模不等的断裂带,断裂密度显示FZ634、FZ1215和FZ1250为主要断裂带,而FZ1250可能为2008年汶川地震的主滑移带。安县-灌县断裂在地表和WFSD-3P、WFSD-3钻孔岩心中的断层倾角分别约为60°、46°和38°,显示安县-灌县断裂倾角从地表至深部逐渐变缓,为一铲式逆冲断层。  相似文献   

Channelized fluids in subducted continental crust: constraints from δD–δ18O of quartz and fluid inclusions in quartz veins from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(13):1443-1463

Fluid inclusions hosted by quartz veins in high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project main drillhole have low, varied hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD?=??97‰ to??69‰). Quartz δ¹⁸O values range from??2.5‰ to 9.6‰; fluid inclusions hosted in quartz have correspondingly low δ¹⁸O values of??11.66‰ to 0.93‰ (T _h?=?171.2～318.8°C). The low δD and δ¹⁸O isotopic data indicate that protoliths of some CCSD HP-UHP metamorphic rocks reacted with meteoric water at high latitude near the surface before being subducted to great depth. In addition, the δ¹⁸O of the quartz veins and fluid inclusions vary greatly with the drillhole depth. Lower δ¹⁸O values occur at depths of ～900–1000 m and ～2700 m, whereas higher values characterize rocks at depths of about 1770 m and 4000 m, correlating roughly with those of wall-rock minerals. Given that the peak metamorphic temperature of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks was about 800°C or higher, much higher than the closure temperature of oxygen isotopes in quartz under wet conditions, such synchronous variations can be explained by re-equilibration. In contrast, δD values of fluid inclusions show a different relationship with depth. This is probably because oxygen is a major element of both fluids and silicates and is much more abundant in the quartz veins and silicate minerals than is hydrogen. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid inclusions is evidently more susceptible to late-stage re-equilibration with silicate minerals than is the hydrogen isotope composition. Therefore, different δD and δ¹⁸O patterns imply that dramatic fluid migration occurred, whereas the co-variation of oxygen isotopes in fluid inclusions, quartz veins, and wall-rock minerals can be better interpreted by re-equilibration during exhumation.

Quartz veins in the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic terrane are the product of high-Si fluids. Given that channelized fluid migration is much faster than pervasive flow, and that the veins formed through precipitation of quartz from high-Si fluids, the abundant veins indicate significant fluid mobilization and migration within this subducted continental slab. Many mineral reactions can produce high-Si fluids. For UHP metamorphic rocks, major dehydration during subduction occurred when pressure–temperature conditions exceeded the stability of lawsonite. In contrast, for low-temperature eclogites and other HP metamorphic rocks with peak metamorphic P–T conditions within the stability field of lawsonite, dehydration and associated high-Si fluid release may have occurred as hydrous minerals were destabilized at lower pressure during exhumation. Because subduction is a continuous process whereas only a minor fraction of the subducted slabs returns to the surface, dehydration during underflow is more prevalent than exhumation even in subducted continental crust, which is considerably drier than altered oceanic crust.  相似文献   

Fracture modes in the Silurian Qusaiba Shale Play,Northern Saudi Arabia and their geomechanical implications     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Fracture and in-situ stress studies were conducted for unconventional prospect evaluation in the Silurian Qusaiba Shale, northern Saudi Arabia. Borehole image logs, oriented cores, seismic, and drilling observations were used in the studies. The fractures include natural fractures and induced fractures. The induced fractures were studied to assess the stress regime in terms of directions and magnitudes. The present day maximum horizontal in-situ stress trend varies from NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW, and shows a regional pattern dominated by Arabian plate tectonics. The relative magnitudes of the current day stresses are characteristic of an extensional to strike-slip regime. Natural fractures of microscopic (microfractures) to macroscopic (macrofractures) scales include extension fractures (joints/veins), and faults manifested as shear and hybrid (extensional-shear and compressional-shear) fractures. Joints clustering into zones are rare, unless when associated with fault zones. Over half of the faults (56%) show clustering into fault zones with their widths (thickness) varying by up to 5 orders of magnitude, and lengths and displacements varying by up to 4 orders of magnitudes respectively. The study identified five distinctive, regional, fracture sets: one gently dipping (bedding-parallel or at low angle to bedding) and up to four moderately to steeply dipping fracture sets: an easterly striking set is the oldest, followed by three younger major sets striking NNW-SSE, N-S, and NNE-SSW. The younger fractures are nearly parallel to the present day maximum horizontal in-situ stress. Crack-seal mechanism (natural hydrofracturing) dominates initial fracture growth, some with several phases of partial to complete mineralization or coating, dominated by calcite, quartz, and dolomite. Aqueous and hydrocarbon gaseous and fluid inclusions are common in the fractures' mineral filling. The regional nature of in-situ stresses and natural fractures means their occurrence, orientation, relative dominance, and relative age and relative apertures are easier to predict and manipulate for well planning and completion, including hydrofracturing. Forward modeling shows that natural fracture network are not critically stressed under reservoir conditions but when subjected to massive hydrofracture stimulation they and the bedding discontinuities form the seeds for the growth of a complex hydrofracture network that potentially grows out of presumed stress-barriers. Lack of stress rotation around faults in wells supports the modeling results. Microseismic monitoring gives time-lapse (incremental) microseismic events of two types; random and linear patterns parallel to maximum horizontal in-situ stress and the predominant natural fracture trend. Bulk microseismic cloud has no unique link to fault trends mapped from high resolution borehole images. This finding challenges the usability of uncalibrated microseimic monitoring of massive hydrofracturing to map faults.  相似文献   

赣南盘古山钨矿隐伏花岗岩体岩石学与地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

方贵聪  陈毓川  陈郑辉  曾载淋  刘翠辉  童啟荃  孙杰  朱国华 《中国地质》2016,(5):1558-1568

著名的盘古山大型钨矿与深部隐伏花岗岩体具有密切成因关系,但因该岩体隐伏深,相关研究资料较为欠缺,很大程度上影响了对矿床岩浆-热液-成矿作用的深入认识。南岭科学钻探(SP-NLSD-2)揭露该岩体后,本文对其开展了岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果表明,该岩体具有超酸性、富碱、贫钠富钾等特征,属于准铝-过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。形成该岩体的花岗岩浆为高度分异演化的残浆,W、Bi等元素含量明显高于南岭燕山期花岗岩,为盘古山钨铋矿床的形成提供了丰富的矿质。岩浆演化至云英岩化阶段时,岩浆中的Mo、Bi、Cu、Pb及REE含量增加,而W、Sn含量则因已转移到岩浆期后热液而降低。岩体形成于板内伸展环境。  相似文献   

自升式钻井平台中高压管道应力分析     

徐红梅  韩华伟  杜之富 《海洋工程》2013,31(5):112-116

高压泥浆系统是自升式钻井平台中的重要系统,对维持生产作业、保证平台的安全具有极为重要的意义。作为一个高性能,高应力系统,对高压泥浆系统进行应力分析以便对管线系统的布置、支吊架位置和结构进行评估是很有必要的。鉴于此,从分析理论、参考标准、分析工具和校核工况组合等多个方面进行探讨,计算该高压泥浆系统的一次应力和二次应力,法兰的强度以及模态分析,得到合理的管路布置,探索出自升式钻井平台中高压泥浆系统应力分析的可行方法。  相似文献   

大陆科学钻探孕镶金刚石钻头胎体配方的前期研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

薛军 《探矿工程》2000,(5):62-63,66

在对普通孕镶金刚石钻头高温力学性能检测的基础上,实验研究了６种ＷＣ（Ｗ）基和６种Ｎｉ基配方胎体的高温力学性能,从而提出２种可供研制大陆科学钻探深部高温孔段孕镶金刚石钻头胎体使用的配方方案。  相似文献   

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces     

Timothy J. G. Francis  Yir-Der E. Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(4):295-314

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.  相似文献   

CCSD超高压榴辉岩中的水:红外光谱分析     

徐薇  刘祥文  金振民 《地球科学》2006,31(6):830-838

超高压变质岩中名义上无水矿物(NAMs) 在板块俯冲过程中可以携带一部分地表水进入上地幔, 这些水储存于地球深部并对地幔动力学有着重要的影响.对中国大陆科学钻探主孔榴辉岩中的绿辉石和石榴石进行了详细的显微傅立叶变换红外光谱(Micro-FTIR) 分析, 结果显示所有绿辉石和石榴石颗粒都含有结构水, 其水含量范围分别在68~29μg/g和20~75μg/g.榴辉岩全岩的水含量为150~300μg/g.绿辉石和石榴石结构水含量的分布出现2种情况: (1) 颗粒内部的均一分布; (2) 不均匀分布, 表现为水含量从核部到幔部到边部随之增加或水含量核部、边部低而幔部高.电子探针结果表明水含量分布不均与矿物化学成分无直接关系.位错分布不均匀可能导致了颗粒内部结构水分布的不均匀.   相似文献   

利用地球物理方法探测火山沉积型硼矿——在西藏阿里地区的应用          下载免费PDF全文

宋丽蓉  于常青  郑绵平  陈文西  王永智  何俊杰  李桂花  钱鹏 《地球物理学报》2017,60(4):1584-1594

火山沉积型硼矿形成于新近纪特定的火山+湖相沉积环境条件下,含硼地层具有含硼湖相沉积岩与凝灰岩、安山岩等火山岩互层的多旋回二元沉积结构的特点.由于硼酸盐矿物的沉积发生多在沉积后期,通常与凝灰岩、粘土、灰岩等互层沉积,因此形成的硼矿层具有低密度、低电阻率的特征.针对硼矿层的这种特征,采用综合地球物理技术进行探测.在西藏雄巴地区,首先进行了1:5万高精度重力勘探,获得了研究区的布格重力异常,通过对重力资料的处理分析,获取了研究区的断裂构造发育和重力异常变化,推断了地下地层岩性空间变化特点并圈定出火山沉积型硼矿的发育有利区;在此基础上对有利区域进行了1:5000音频大地电磁测深,获得了研究区地下地层电性结构特征.通过对研究区电法数据的震电拟合及重力和大地电磁资料联合反演并与研究区地质资料相结合,进一步分析了该区地层构造、断裂体系、沉积单元与火山沉积型硼矿的形成关系,并对该区火山沉积型硼矿的分布进行了预测,最终钻探验证结果与预测结果基本一致.  相似文献   

汶川地震科学钻探2号孔(WFSD-2)随钻泥浆氢和汞浓度与断裂构造关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张彬  刘耀炜  方震  官致君  张磊  郭丽爽 《地球物理学报》2018,61(5):1771-1781

以WFSD-2钻孔为研究对象,分析了随钻泥浆氢（H₂）和汞（Hg）浓度特征,在垂向上存在显著不均匀性,出现多段浓度异常高值.研究表明：（1） H₂和Hg浓度异常与次级断裂和岩石构造性质有较大关系,以断裂带或破碎带为通道运移而产生高值异常;（2）随钻泥浆H₂和Hg浓度特征暗示了汶川地震WFSD-2孔中主滑移带位置,表明随钻流体特征是识别地下裂隙带、破碎带或断裂带的途径之一;（3） H₂和Hg浓度异常还可能与构造块体边界强震活动和断裂带近场中等地震活动有关.本文研究结果为分析大震过程中深部流体活动行为提供了H₂和Hg地球化学特征依据,对地震前兆机理研究也具有重要的参考价值.  相似文献