新类型金矿──萤石型金矿的矿石物质成分及组构特征     

帅德权  张寿庭  徐旃章  胡晓强 《浙江国土资源》1998,(2)

浙江东南地区的萤石型金矿,系一新类型金矿床。矿石学研究表明,其主要工业矿物为银金矿,与之共生的矿物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铝矿、闪锌矿、辉银矿等。矿石结构构造有多种,矿床的形成有多期次。成矿与硅化,黄铁矿化和萤石化相关。  相似文献   

Particle fabric in a small, type-2 ignimbrite flow unit (Laacher See, Germany) and implications for emplacement dynamics     

Simon R. Hughes  Timothy H. Druitt 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,60(2):125-136

 Ignimbrites of the 13-ka Upper Laacher See Tephra were deposited from small, highly concentrated, moderately fluidized pyroclastic flows. Their unconsolidated nature, and the prominence of accidental Devonian slate fragments, make these ignimbrites ideal for clast fabric studies. The upper flow unit of ignimbrite M14 has characteristics typical of a type-2 ignimbrite. Layer 2a and the lower part of layer 2b of the flow unit have strong, upstream-inclined a[p] fabrics (a[p] means long particle axes parallel to flow direction). Only clasts with a/b axial ratios of 2.5 or greater preserve good a[p] fabrics, whereas the a–b planes of flat fragments dip upstream irrespective of axial ratio. The a-axis fabric becomes weaker, flatter, and more girdle-like in the upper half of layer 2b. At one locality the a-axis fabric appears to rotate 40° up through the flow unit, suggesting either shear decoupling of different levels in the moving flow or unsteadiness effects in a flow depositing progressively at its base. The existence of similarly strong a[p] fabrics in layer 2a and the lower half of layer 2b appears inconsistent with the common interpretation that ignimbrite flow units are emplaced as a plug of essentially non-shearing material (layer 2b) on a thin shear layer (layer 2a), and that the entire flow freezes en masse to form the deposit. The data suggest that, if the flow froze en masse, it was shearing pervasively through at least half its thickness. Another possibility is that the flow unit aggraded progressively from the base up, and that the fabrics record the integrated history of shear directions and intensities immediately above the bed throughout the duration of deposition. Received: 13 February 1997 / Accepted: 4 April 1998  相似文献   

Reconstruction of natural groundwater flow paths in the multiple aquifer system of the northern Negev (Israel), based on lithological and structural evidence     

G. Weinberger  E. Rosenthal 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(3):421-440

 The Judea Group, a limestone and dolomite karstic aquifer of late Albian–Turonian age, is one of the most important sources of water in Israel. In the western part of the country, the Judea Group aquifer is also known as the Yarkon–Taninim basin. In the northern Negev, the Judea Group is a recipient for fresh water flowing southward from the Hebron Mountains and of brackish paleowater flowing northward from Sinai. Very little is known of the hydraulic properties of this aquifer. In order to outline assumed natural flow paths that existed in this karstic environment prior to groundwater exploitation, use was made of lithological, structural, and paleomorphological features. A detailed hydrogeological conceptual model of the Judea Group aquifer in northern Negev was established by the geological interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection and by analysis of lithological evidence from boreholes. Isopach, isolith-contour, and isolith-ratio maps were compiled for the main lithological components. Increase in transmissivity values is inversely proportional with the cumulative thickness of argillaceous components. The lithological and hydraulic evidence provides the basis for subdividing the subsurface into distinctive permeability zones for the upper and lower sections of the aquifer; for outlining possible preferential groundwater flow paths for both subaquifers; and for improving understanding of groundwater-salinty variations that result from lithological variability, direction of groundwater flow paths, groundwater flow rates, and the duration of rock/water interactions. In an earlier conceptual model of the basin, the Judea Group aquifer was regarded as a continuous and undisturbed entity. The present study reveals an intricate groundwater flow pattern that is controlled by lithological and structural factors that create zones of preferential flow. This interpretation bears on the overall evaluation of groundwater resources and their management and exploitation. Received, December 1996 · Revised, October 1997, June 1998 · Accepted, July 1998  相似文献   

Some current methods to represent the heterogeneity of natural media in hydrogeology   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

G. de Marsily  F. Delay  V. Teles  M. T. Schafmeister 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(1):115-130

We have known for a long time that the material properties of the subsurface are highly variable in space. We have learned that this variability is due to the extreme complexity and variation with time of processes responsible for the formation of the earth's crust, from plate tectonics to erosion, sediment transport, and deposition, as well as to mechanical, climatic, and diagenetic effects. As geologists, we learned how to "read" this complex history in the rocks and how to try to extrapolate in space what we have understood. As physicists, we then learned that to study flow processes in such media we must apply the laws of continuum mechanics. As mathematicians using analytical methods, we learned that we must simplify by dividing this complex continuum into a small number of units, such as aquifers and aquitards, and describe their properties by (constant) equivalent values. In recent years, as numerical modelers, we learned that we now have the freedom to "discretize" this complex reality and describe it as an ensemble of small homogeneous boxes of continuous media, each of which can have different properties. How do we use this freedom? Is there a need for it? If the answer is "yes," how can we assign different rock-property values to thousands or even millions of such little boxes in our models, to best represent reality, and include confidence levels for each selected rock property? As a tribute to Professor Eugene S. Simpson, with whom the first author of this paper often discussed these questions, we present an overview of three techniques that focus on one property, the rock permeability. We explain the motivation for describing spatial variability and illustrate how to do so by the geostatistical method, the Boolean method, and the genetic method. We discuss their advantages and disadvantages and indicate their present state of development. This is an active field of research and space is limited, so the review is certain to be incomplete, but we hope that it will encourage the development of new ideas and approaches.  相似文献   

枞树板铅锌矿磁组构研究     

许顺山  陈柏林  董法先  刘建民 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1998,(2)

研究了枞树板铅锌矿区的磁组构特征。结果表明,在变形较弱及无应变标志体的地区,利用磁组构进行构造变形分析是非常有效的,其结果不仅与其它方法的结果大体一致,而且能够获得用其它方法难以获得的认识（如变形类型问题）。据此可以分析控矿构造的变形性质及演化,查明构造控矿的规律。  相似文献   

黔中乌当盆地阶地沉积特征及其对盆地演化的指示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋玺  陈文奇  宁凡  郑军  罗维均  周涌 《地理研究》2020,39(6):1242-1254

黔中乌当盆地是贵州省山间盆地的典型代表,四级河流阶地清晰地记录了新构造运动中区域地壳抬升和盆地演化。通过阶地沉积物砾组统计、粒度分析、光释光（OSL）测年,探讨盆地的发育和演化。结果显示,阶地砾石排列指示盆地水系古流向与现代河流基本一致,砾石磨圆度变化大,分选较差,岩性继承了区域地层。砾石组合特征反映了构造抬升期盆地内强烈的冲刷剥蚀。漫滩沉积物粒度表明盆地在稳定阶段河流水动力整体呈增大趋势。T4和T3发育阶段区域以冲刷剥蚀为主并塑造了盆地雏形。T2阶地沉积特征及测年结果（177.4 ka~87.6 ka）表明中更新世末期持续数万年的沉积夷平作用使盆地基本成型。T1阶地形成时代约25ka,指示了黔中地区最近一次构造抬升和盆地的最终定型。  相似文献   

An experimental study of effect of pre‐existing fabric on deformation of foliated mylonite at high temperature and pressure     

Gui Liu  Yongsheng Zhou  Changrong He  Wenming Yao  Junlai Liu  Yuanyuan Zhang 《Geological Journal》2016,51(1):92-112

We performed deformation experiments on a foliated mylonite under high temperature and pressure conditions in this study. To investigate the effect of pre‐existing fabric on the rheology of rocks, our samples were drilled from natural mylonite with the cylinder axis parallel to the foliation (PAR) and perpendicular to the foliation (PER). We performed 25 tests on seven PAR samples and 21 tests on seven PER samples at temperatures ranging from 600 to 890 °C, confining pressures ranging from 800 to 1400 MPa, and steady‐state strain rates of 1 × 10⁻⁴, 1 × 10⁻⁵ and 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. In the temperatures of 600–700 °C, the deformation is accommodated by semi‐brittle flow, with the average stress exponent being 6–7 assuming power law flow; in the temperature range of 800–890 °C, deformation is mainly by plastic flow, with an average stress exponent of n = 3 and activation energies of Q = 354 ± 52 kJ/mol (PER and PAR samples). The experimental results show that the strengths of PER samples are higher than those of PAR samples. Deformation microstructures have been studied by optical and electron microscopy. The original foliation of PER samples is destroyed by deformation and replaced by a new foliation, but the deformation of PAR samples followed the original foliation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements show a strong lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of the quartz c axis fabrics of the starting samples and deformed PER and PAR samples. However, the c axis fabric of quartz in experimentally deformed PER and PAR samples varied with temperature and strain rate is different from that seen in the starting mylonite sample. The initial quartz c axis fabric of the starting mylonite sample has been transformed into a new fabric during experimental deformation. Dehydration melting of biotite and hornblende occurred in both PER and PAR samples at temperatures of 800–890 °C. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Understanding the Mesozoic kinematic evolution in the Cameros basin (Iberian Range,NE Spain) from magnetic subfabrics and mesostructures     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

Analysis of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and brittle mesostructures (hydroplastic synsedimentary faults and tension gashes) is applied in this study in order to characterize the Mesozoic tectonic events in the Cameros basin (NW Iberian Range), formed between Tithonian and Albian times. Low-field AMS at room and low temperature (LF-AMS at RT and LF-AMS at LT, respectively) together with high-field AMS (HF-AMS) measurements allow separating ferro- and paramagnetic fabrics. The combination of LF-AMS at LT and HF-AMS torque measurements confirms the reliability of both procedures in terms of isolating the paramagnetic contribution to the AMS. Magnetic fabric results combined with the analyses of synsedimentary faults indicate a NW–SE extension direction during Aptian (and probably Barremian) times. This extension direction is perpendicular to the main extension direction (NE–SW) prevailing during early and late stages of basin evolution. It is also consistent with extension direction deduced from large-scale bending folds and tension gashes, developed after partial lithification. Cleavage development during Albian enhanced the orientation of the magnetic fabric in lithologies where the previous extensional magnetic lineation is coaxial with the expected one for compression.  相似文献   

胶东新城金矿床控矿构造变形环境：显微构造和EBSD组构约束   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

李瑞红  刘育  李海林  郑小礼  赵海  孙政 《岩石学报》2014,30(9):2546-2558

新城金矿床是典型的"焦家式"破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,矿体形态和规模都严格受到断裂破碎带控制,是探讨复杂构造-流体耦合成矿系统控矿构造变形环境研究的理想选区。断裂破碎带中构造岩既是构造变形行为的载体,也是相应变形环境的受体。论文在新城金矿详细露头构造解析的基础上,系统采集该矿床控矿断裂破碎带定向构造岩样品,进行显微构造和EBSD组构分析。研究区构造岩显微构造特征主要表现为韧性变形和脆性变形。韧性变形有波状消光、带状消光、亚晶粒、动态重结晶、核幔构造、丝带构造、碎(残)斑系、扭折带、变形纹、机械双晶、蠕英结构、云母鱼等;脆性变形有书斜构造和显微裂隙等。长石(残)斑系、扭折带、变形纹、蠕英结构和石英颗粒边界迁移动态重结晶、丝带构造等矿物变形特征表明断裂带成矿前以高温韧性变形为主;石英波状消光、亚晶粒、亚颗粒旋转和膨凸动态重结晶、方解石机械双晶、长石显微裂隙充填物等矿物变形反映成矿期兼有中低温韧性变形和脆性变形;压剪性穿晶裂隙则反映出成矿后主要是低温脆性变形。根据差应力、应变测量和EBSD组构分析,将新城金矿床控矿构造变形环境可以分为3个构造期:成矿前在NW-SE向挤压作用下发生韧-脆性左行剪切变形,600~700℃,差应力61.37~111.09MPa,应变测量轴比a/c为2.295~3.978,动态重结晶石英颗粒边界分维值为1.466~1.599,反映矿区为高温中高压高应变带变形环境,应变速率较大;成矿期为NW-SE向逐渐NEE-SWW向转变的挤压作用,发生压剪性脆性变形,200~500℃,差应力65.91~135.68MPa,应变测量轴比a/c为1.403~2.204,动态重结晶石英颗粒边界分维值为1.321~1.378,反映矿区成矿期为中低温中高压低应变带变形环境,反应速率较小;成矿后在NWW-SEE向挤压作用下发生压剪变形,150~300℃,反映低温低压脆性变形环境。  相似文献   

四川宣汉盘龙洞长兴组白云岩组构定向与统计特征及其成因意义     

赵锐  吴亚生  姜红霞  刘丽静 《地质学报》2014,88(6):1093-1105

四川盆地东北部发育的长兴组礁滩相白云岩层是油气勘探的重点对象,盘龙洞剖面是四川盆地发育最好的长兴组露头,其成岩作用研究对于认识川东北长兴组储层的形成演化控制因素具有很强的借鉴作用。白云岩的组构和产状包含了成因信息,笔者根据薄片观察发现白云石交代结构可分为"均一"与"不等晶"交代两种类型,过渡关系与阴极发光观察结果均表明细中晶是由粉晶发育而来的,且细中晶白云石具"组构定向"现象。首次对该地区白云岩的组构进行了定量统计。统计结果表明,细中晶白云石粒径大小和含量在纵向上有明显的变化规律,含量自上而下减少、粒径变小。结合成岩作用、流体包裹体、阴极发光研究结果综合分析后认为:白云石化作用开始于成岩早期,白云化流体具有低温、高盐度的特点,白云化流体自上而下运移。  相似文献