Wind effects on sub-tidal currents in Puget Sound     

Hiroshi Matsuura  Glenn A. Cannon 《Journal of Oceanography》1997,53(1):53-66

Wind effects on sub-tidal currents are studied using current meter records obtained at six moorings across the main basin of Puget Sound. High correlations between wind speeds and currents are found near the surface and at mid-depths of about 100 m. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis applied to the axial currents in 1984 and 1985 shows that mode 1, containing over 60% of the variance, is highly correlated with wind speed even without any near surface current records. When near surface stratification is strong, direct wind effects are limited to the upper 30 m with counter currents in the lower layer indicating a baroclinic response. The transport in the lower layer almost balances the transport in the upper layer. When near surface stratification is weak, direct wind effects on currents can be detected to about 100 m. In this case, there is no clear and consistent depth at which one can separate the upper from the lower layer. Time series show that the acceleration in the surface layer initially increases in the same direction as the wind when the wind starts blowing, but it reaches a maximum, starts decreasing, and eventually changes to the opposite direction (decelerates) while the wind continues to blow in one direction. Results of a continuously stratified normal mode model and estimations from the observations suggest that friction at solid boundaries is a major cause of these phenomena. The model shows that modal currents of normal modes 2 and 3 are as important as mode 1, although the resultant vertical structure of total current shows a two-layer type pattern with only one zero crossing. The effect of the baroclinic pressure gradient is only apparent at low frequencies and among lower modes.  相似文献   

北太平洋SST的时空分布特征及其与黑潮大弯曲和El—Nino的关系     

王志联  徐启春  刘秦玉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(3)

用EOF分析方法对北太平洋及赤道太平洋地区1949～1979年31年海表面温度距平场进行分解,得到几个主要距平海温模态(EOF1～3),分析了EOF1～3的时空分布特征。得到海温距平场的EOF1和EOF2～3模态分别对E1—Nino事件和黑潮大弯曲有很显著的相关性,指出SST第三模态场对黑潮大弯曲的影响具有很好的持续性,持续时间为1～2年。最后讨论了相互的影响过程,为黑潮大弯曲和E1—Nino事件的预报的可能性提供了依据。  相似文献   

Interannual salinity variations in the Tsushima Strait and its relation to the Changjiang discharge   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tomoharu Senjyu  Hirofumi Enomoto  Takeshi Matsuno  Sigeaki Matsui 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(5):681-692

Interannual salinity variations in the Tsushima Strait are investigated on the basis of historical hydrographic data. The EOF analysis revealed that the most dominant mode is the in-phase salinity variation between the eastern and western channels. The time coefficients of the EOF first mode in summer show a negative correlation with the Changjiang discharge, which indicates that salinity in the Tsushima Strait tends to decrease over summer, related to a large discharge of the Changjiang. The eigenvectors of the first mode are larger in the eastern channel than those in the western channel, though the low salinity water mainly flows through the western channel. This is because the low salinity water spreads into the eastern channel as well as the western channel over summers with a large discharge of the Changjiang. The out-of-phase salinity variation between the channels is extracted as the EOF second mode; this is the predominant variation in the western channel. The time coefficients of the second mode in summer show no significant correlations to the volume transports through the western channel and the transport differences between channels. A relationship between the EOF second mode and variations in the wind stress over the East China Sea is suggested.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of incomplete oceanographic data sets using empirical orthogonal functions: application to the Adriatic Sea surface temperature   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

A. Alvera-Azcrate  A. Barth  M. Rixen  J.M. Beckers 《Ocean Modelling》2005,9(4):325-346

A method for the reconstruction of missing data based on an EOF decomposition has been applied to a large data set, a test case of Sea Surface Temperature satellite images of the Adriatic Sea. The EOF decomposition is realised with a Lanczos method, which allows optimising computational time for large matrices. The results show that the reconstruction method leads to accurate reconstructions as well as a low cpu time when dealing with realistic cases. The method has been tested with different amounts of missing data, artificially adding clouds ranging from 40% to 80% of data loss, and then compared to the same data set with no missing data. A comparison with in situ data has also been made. These validation studies show that results are robust, even when the amount of missing data is very high. The reconstruction of the data from the Adriatic Sea shows realistic features and a reliable temperature distribution. In addition, the method is compared to an Optimal Interpolation reconstruction. The results obtained with both methods are very similar. The main difference is the computational time, which is reduced nearly 30 times with the method presented here. Once the reconstruction has been performed, the EOF decomposition is analysed to show the method’s reliability, and a cold event on the Albanian coast is studied. The reconstructed data reflect the effect of wind on the Albanian coast, that led to a cold-water episode in this zone for a 6-day period.  相似文献   

用统计模式预测2002年El Nino   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡怡  余宙文  王彰贵 《海洋预报》2002,19(2):1-6

根据对赤道太平洋22年次表层温度、流场及其诊断量的EOF分析，提取出三个对El Nino有预测意义的物理量，它们分别是赤道太平洋温度距平 EOF第二个特征量的时间系数、赤道太平洋纬向流距平EOF第二个特征量的时间系数和赤道太平洋温度垂直差分距平EOF第一个特征量的时间系数，其中超前于 ElNino的时间分别为1 年、8个月和4 个月，用该三个量，建立Nino3区海温距平回归预测方程，根据目前我们可以得到的截止到2001年12月的资料，对直到2002年4 月、8月和12月的Nino3区海温距平进行预测，根据计算结果和分析得出我们的预测结论：2002年 4～5月前后将有一次中等强度的 El Nino过程。  相似文献   

青藏高原大气蕴含潜热时空分布特征研究     

陈月  李跃清  范广洲  陈宇航 《高原气象》2019,38(3):460-473

利用ECMWF(欧洲中期天气预报中心)月平均比湿资料,通过直接对比湿q进行多年平均计算、气候倾向率分析、EOF分解等,研究了1979-2015年青藏高原(下称高原)地区大气蕴含潜热的时空分布特征及年际、年代际变化特征。结果表明,高原大气蕴含潜热从低层向高层逐渐减少,且夏季蕴含潜热最多,其次为春、秋,且两季分布特征大致相似,冬季蕴含潜热最少,各季大值均集中在高原东南部及南部;蕴含潜热整体呈增长的趋势,夏季增长最快,冬季最慢;高原西部和云贵高原地区大气蕴含潜热均有不同程度的减小,夏季减小最快,冬季减小最慢;EOF分析中,各积分层以及整层[地表到500 hPa积分(第一积分层);500~400 hPa积分(第二积分层);400~300 hPa积分(第三积分层);地表到300 hPa积分(整层)]在第一模态下均大致呈正分布;在第二模态下均呈“正-负”的偶极子分布(其中第一积分层和整层为西南—东北“正-负”分布,其余两层为东—西“正-负”分布),说明蕴含潜热在这两种分布状态中的变化趋势均存在反相关系);在第三模态下均在西北—东南方向为“正-负-正”的分布。各积分层以及整层除第二模态年际变化相对明显外,其他两个模态年际变化均不明显。  相似文献   

1960—2014年淮河流域极端降水发生时间的时空特征     

潘欣  尹义星  王小军 《高原气象》2019,(2):377-385

利用淮河流域25个分布相对均匀站点的逐日降水资料,借助线性趋势、圆形统计、EOF分析等方法对1960—2014年流域的极端降水发生时间的时空特征进行分析。研究表明:(1)淮河流域极端降水发生时间主要集中在7月中下旬,并表现出明显的年际振荡。流域平均的极端降水发生时间表现出提前趋势,但未达到0. 05显著性水平。发生时间集中程度随年份上升,上升趋势达到了0. 05显著性水平。综合分析表明,流域7月份发生极端降水的可能性增大。(2)流域极端降水发生时间在空间上由西南向东北逐渐推迟,大部分站点发生时间呈微弱提前的趋势,该分布规律与梅雨和台风的影响有关,而提前趋势与20世纪90年代以来我国主雨带的年代际北移有关。(3)流域极端降水发生时间的EOF分析结果显示,第一模态空间典型场呈"西北-东南"反位相分布;第二模态空间典型场呈一致性分布,分别揭示了流域极端降水发生时间在空间上的分异特征和近似一致性分布特征。  相似文献   

重庆城市不同下垫面温度的多时间尺度变化特征     

姜平  刘晓冉  廖代强  柴闯闯  张甜  刘亮 《气象科技》2019,47(4):639-647

利用重庆市巴南区2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日逐小时草地、泥土、砾石、石板、水泥、沥青等6种不同下垫面的特种温度观测资料,通过扩展经验正交分解(EEOF)、概率密度分析(PDF)等气候统计方法,分析了不同下垫面温度的多时间尺度变化规律,进一步探讨了水泥和草地下垫面温度差异的变化特征。结果表明:不同下垫面的温度存在明显的多时间尺度变化特征。月平均变化上,石板、水泥和沥青的表面温度明显高于泥土、草地和砾石,且温度差异夏季大于冬季。日变化上,石板、水泥和沥青白天的表面温度高于泥土、草地和砾石,晚上不同下垫面温度差异较小;不同下垫面温度的日变化差异在春季和夏季明显强于冬季和秋季。石板、水泥和沥青表面出现45℃以上极端高温的概率多于其他下垫面,且出现这些高温的时间集中在14:00—15:00之间。水泥和草地的温度差异也表现出明显的多时间尺度变化(季节变化和日变化)特征。一天中,温度差异最大值出现的时间集中在14:00—16:00,其次是19:00—20:00。温度差异的日变化幅度也在夏季达到最大。  相似文献   

宁夏热量资源气候变化的EOF特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

桑建人  刘玉兰  韩世涛  邱旺 《气象科技》2007,35(2):187-190

对宁夏20个测站1961-2004年大于等于0℃、5℃、10℃积温的EOF分析表明,随着全球气候变暖,宁夏积温增加,生长季延长。大于等于0℃、5℃积温的时空变化基本一致,1997-2004年表现为连续偏多的趋势。20世纪80年代中期以前,大于等于0℃积温偏少,之后偏多。大于等于5℃积温转折时间推迟到90年代中期,之前积温偏少,之后相反。大于等于10℃积温分两种,60.1%的年份表现为整体偏多或偏少,31.6%的年份以中宁、盐池一线为分界线,南北表现为相反的趋势。生长季具有明显的年代际变化特征,生长季呈逐渐延长的趋势,每10年增加3.8天,尤其是进入21世纪以来,头4年的平均值比20世纪60年代增加14.9天。  相似文献   

Vertical circulation in shallow tidal inlets and back-barrier basins     

Emil V. Stanev  Burghard W. Flemming  Alex Bartholomä  Joanna V. Staneva  Jörg-Olaf Wolff 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

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