天马台断层活动与地震的关系     

林淑冰  王志鹏  王海清  庄铭约 《华南地震》2009,29(2):95-104

利用1996～2008年天马台的定点跨断层场地的水准测量资料分析长乐-诏安断裂带的现今活动特征及其与地震的关系。结果表明：W—E测段活动速率最高,S—E测段活动速率次之,W—S测段活动速率最小。断层各段以压性逆断为主,与地质考察结果基本一致。同时讨论了断层活动与地震关系．认为3次准同步转折均与地震密切有关。  相似文献   

Static and seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

In this study, the evaluation of static and seismic bearing capacity factors for a shallow strip footing was carried out by using the method of characteristics, which was extended to the seismic condition by means of the pseudo-static approach. The results, for both smooth and rough foundations, were checked against those obtained through finite element analyses.Under seismic conditions the three bearing capacity problems for N_c, N_q and N_γ were solved independently and the seismic bearing capacity factors were evaluated accounting separately for the effect of horizontal and vertical inertia forces arising in the soil, in the lateral surcharge and in the superstructure.Empirical formulae approximating the extensive numerical results are proposed to compute the static values of N_γ and the corrective coefficients that can be introduced in the well-known Terzaghi׳s formula of the bearing capacity to extend its applicability to seismic design of foundations.  相似文献   

晋冀蒙三省交界区中强地震前地震视应变演化分析     

张登科  李惠玲 《山西地震》2014,(3):5-11

选取1970年至1999年晋冀蒙三省交界4次中强地震事件,进行地震视应变演化分析。得出,地震视应变异常与晋冀蒙三省交界区中强以上地震具有较好的对应关系。震前,晋冀蒙三省交界区地震视应变演化模式有:增强-减弱-发震、增强-减弱-迁移-发震、增强-减弱-消失-增强-发震、增强-减弱-维持-发震。"大同窗"必是异常区,其震前地震视应变演化模式有:增强-维持-消失-发震、增强-减弱-发震、增强-维持-减弱-发震。异常区多形成于震前3年,随着时间的推移,有扩散或向特定方向(震源方向)迁移的特征。中强地震多发生在视应变高值异常区、视应变高值异常迁移区、视应变高值异常区迁移的方向。  相似文献   

Seismic response analysis of the deep saturated soil deposits in Shanghai     

Yu Huang  Weimin Ye  Zhuchang Chen 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(6):1163-1169

The quaternary deposits in Shanghai are horizontal soil layers of thickness up to about 280 m in the urban area with an annual groundwater table between 0.5 and 0.7 m from the surface. The characteristics of deep saturated deposits may have important influences upon seismic response of the ground in Shanghai. Based on the Biot theory for porous media, the water-saturated soil deposits are modeled as a two-phase porous system consisting of solid and fluid phases, in this paper. A nonlinear constitutive model for predicting the seismic response of the ground is developed to describe the dynamic characters of the deep-saturated soil deposits in Shanghai. Subsequently, the seismic response of a typical site with 280 m deep soil layers, which is subjected to four base excitations (El Centro, Taft, Sunan, and Tangshan earthquakes), is analyzed in terms of an effective stress-based finite element method with the proposed constitutive model. Special emphasis is given to the computed results of accelerations, excess pore-water pressures, and settlements during the seismic excitations. It has been found that the analysis can capture fundamental aspects of the ground response and produce preliminary results for seismic assessment.  相似文献   

Reassessing the earthquake hazard in Kerala based on the historical and current seismicity   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C.P. Rajendran  Biju John  K. Sreekumari  Kusala Rajendran 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(6):785-802

Given the lack of proper constraints in understanding earthquake mechanisms in the cratonic interiors and the general absence of good quality database, here we reassess the seismic hazard in the province of Kerala, a part of the •stable continental interior•, based on an improved historical and instrumental database. The temporal pattern of the current seismicity suggests that >60% of the microtremors in Kerala occurs with a time lag after the peak rainfall, indicating that hydroseismicity may be a plausible model to explain the low-level seismicity in this region. Further, an increment in overall seismicity rate in the region in the recent years is explained as due to increased anthropogenic activities, which includes changes in hydrological pathways as a consequence of rapid landscape changes. Our analyses of the historical database eliminate a few events that are ascribed to this region; this exercise has also led to identification of a few events, not previously noted. The improved historical database essentially suggests that the central midland region is more prone to seismic activity compared to other parts of Kerala. This region appears to have generated larger number of significant earthquakes; the most prominent being the multiple events (doublets) of 1856 and 1953, whose magnitudes are comparable to that of the 2000/2001 (central Kerala) events. Occurrences of these historical events and the recent earthquakes, and the local geology indicative of pervasive faulting as shown by widely distributed pseudotachylite veins suggest that the NNW-SSE trending faults in central midland Kerala may host discrete potentially active sources that may be capable of generating light to moderate size earthquakes. The frequency of earthquakes in central Kerala evident from the historical database requires that the seismic codes stipulated for this region are made mandatory.  相似文献   

Evaluation of CPT-based Liquefaction Procedures at Regional Scale     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The liquefaction database describing the response of the Christchurch area in the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES) provides a unique basis for evaluating the regional application of various liquefaction analysis procedures, from liquefaction triggering analyses through to liquefaction vulnerability parameters. This database was used to compare the Robertson and Wride [17], Moss et al. [15] and Idriss and Boulanger [7] liquefaction triggering procedures as well as evaluate the impact of the 2014 versus 2008 Cone Penetration Test (CPT)-based liquefaction triggering procedure by Idriss and Boulanger on four liquefaction vulnerability parameters (S_V1D, LPI, LPI_ISH and LSN), the correlation of those parameters with observed liquefaction-induced damage patterns in the CES, and the mapping of expected damage levels for 25, 100 and 500 year return period ground motions in Christchurch. The effects on S_V1D, LPI, LPI_ISH and LSN were small relative to other sources of variability for the majority of the affected areas, particularly where liquefaction was clearly severe or clearly not. Nonetheless, considering the separation of the land damage populations as well as consistency between the events, the the IB-2008 liquefaction triggering procedures appears to give a slightly better fit to the mapped liquefaction-induced land damage for the regional prediction of liquefaction vulnerability for the Christchurch soils. The Boulanger and Idriss [1] triggering procedure produces improved agreement between the liquefaction vulnerability parameters and observations of damage for: areas south of the Central Business District (CBD) where there tends to be higher soil Fines Content (FC), and localized areas that experienced liquefaction during the smaller Magnitude (M) earthquake events. Implementation of the 2014 liquefaction triggering procedure for mapping of expected liquefaction-induced damage at 25, 100 and 500 year return period ground motions is shown to require use of representative Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA)-M values consistent with the de-aggregation of the seismic hazard. Use of equivalent magnitude-scaled PGA-M7.5 pairs, where the equivalency relates to previously published MSF relationships, with the 2014 liquefaction triggering procedure is shown to be unconservative for certain situations.  相似文献   

海底地震仪对海上地震定位精度的提升作用——以南澳外海域M_L2.8级地震为例     

谢小玲  孙金龙  康英  徐辉龙  夏少红 《华南地震》2015,35(1):21-29

由于海底地震台站的缺乏,如何提高海域地震定位的精度是目前地震学家面临的问题之一。南海北部陆缘作为板内地震的活跃带,其微震活动在华南沿海和近海海域频发,海上由于未布设相应的地震台网,因此对近海海域地震尤其是微震的定位精度极低。利用2012年南海东北部海陆地震联测期间两台海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismographs,OBS)所记录到的南澳外海域发生的ML2.8级地震为例,对比分析OBS数据加入前后对地震定位结果的影响。这是首次在南海北部陆缘利用OBS联合陆上地震台网对天然地震进行定位的对比研究,结果说明了近海海域OBS的布设将会对我国沿海地震定位精度的提升、地震活动性的特征以及海域断裂构造的研究具有极其重要的意义。  相似文献   

Phodong (Sikkim) earthquake of 14 February 2006 and its aftershocks—Coulomb stress analysis     

P. Solomon Raju  V.K. Gahalaut  M. Ravi Kumar 《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(1-2):63-67

The 14 February 2006 Phodong (Sikkim) earthquake of moderate magnitude (Mw 5.3) triggered several aftershocks that were recorded by a local seismic network. The thrust earthquake is part of the continuing earthquake activity in the Himalayan seismic belt region that occurs on the detachment or ramp under the Higher Himalaya. The aftershocks of the earthquake occurred in increased stress regions caused by the earthquake rupture. Triggering of aftershocks by such a moderate magnitude earthquake implies that the faults in the Himalaya are critically stressed and even a small change of stress, about 0.001–0.002 MPa, can trigger earthquakes on such faults.  相似文献   

Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980–1997     

C. E. Rodríguez  J. J. Bommer  R. J. Chandler 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(5):1203

A database of earthquake-induced landslides has been compiled which extends the work of Keefer (Keefer DK. Landslides caused by earthquakes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 1984;95:406–421) who covered the period 1811–1980 to 1997. A total of 36 earthquakes world-wide are included, the new database having about the same number of earthquakes as reported by Keefer. Correlations evolving from the new database are compared with those of Keefer. Generally the results are very similar, though the presence of extreme outliers in some of the correlations emphasises the need to be aware of special cases, particularly those involving quick clay landslides. Seismological features, including multiple earthquakes and simultaneous arrival of different phases of seismic waves, also influence the outliers. The correlations between earthquake magnitude and total landslide area, however, differ somewhat from Keefer's. For the intermediate magnitude range 5.3–7.0, a modified correlation is suggested. The scatter of the data from which the correlations are derived is greater than found by Keefer. This is ascribed to the different geographic locations of the earthquakes in the two data sets.  相似文献   

Field-based description of near-surface crustal deformation in a high-strain shear zone: A case study in southern Kyushu,Japan     

Masakazu Niwa  Koji Shimada  Shuji Terusawa  Akira Goto  Nariaki Nishiyama  Toru Nakajima  Takanori Ishihara  Hiroaki Hakoiwa 《Island Arc》2024,33(1):e12516

This study investigated geological evidence for near-surface crustal deformation in a high-strain shear zone that has been geodetically identified but which is not associated with obvious tectonic landforms. Fieldwork was conducted in the east–west-trending southern Kyushu high-strain shear zone (SKHZ), Japan, focusing mainly on occurrences of fracture zones, which are defined by a visible fracture density of >1 per 10 cm² and are commonly associated with cataclasite, fault breccia, and gouge. The area in which east–west-trending fracture zones are dominant is restricted to the east–west-trending, ~2-km-wide aftershock area of the 1997 Northwestern Kagoshima Earthquakes. Analysis of slip data from minor faults using the multiple inverse method, irrespective of whether the faults are in fracture zones, reveals that the area where the calculated main stress field is consistent with the current stress field estimated from focal-mechanism solutions of microearthquakes is restricted to the east–west-trending aftershock area. This finding for the SKHZ contrasts with the case of the Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone, which is a major strain-concentration zone with many exposed active faults in central Japan and for which the stress field estimated using fault-slip data is considered to be uniform and coincides with the current stress field. The cumulative amount of displacement estimated from the areal density of fracture zones in the SKHZ study area is smaller than that estimated from geodetically measured strain rates. Investigations based on slip data from minor faults and fracture-zone occurrence could help to identify concealed faults that are too small to generate tectonic landforms but which are sufficiently large to trigger major earthquakes.  相似文献