西藏冈底斯成矿带成矿规律     

谢富伟  郎兴海  唐菊兴  何青  邓煜霖  王旭辉  王勇  贾敏 《矿床地质》2022,41(5):952-974

冈底斯成矿带是中国西部最重要的成矿带之一,目前已探获的铜金属资源量大于3000万t、铅锌金属资源量大于730万t。前人对该带成矿地质条件、成矿规律、成矿理论等研究取得了创新性、突破性的成果,文章结合成矿带最新勘查和研究进展,开展了以下总结工作：①划分了矿床类型。成矿带已发现的矿床类型包括：斑岩型铜金、铜钼、钼（铜）矿床,矽卡岩型铜、铅锌、铁、钨钼矿床,浅成中-低温热液型铅锌银、铯、自然硫矿床,沉积型石膏、煤等;②收集汇总了矿床成岩成矿高精度年龄学数据,总结了成矿时代分布规律,划分了石炭纪、晚三叠世—侏罗纪、早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期、晚白垩世晚期—始新世早期、渐新世、中新世、第四纪7个成矿期;③总结了不同矿床类型的空间分布规律,探讨了矿床东西向成带、南北向成串的控制因素;④收集了典型矿床金属硫化物的硫、铅同位素数据,探讨了成矿物质来源对成矿元素的影响：幔源物质→壳幔混合物质→壳源物质依次对应了Cu-Au→ Cu-Mo→Pb-Zn成矿元素的分布;⑤厘定了5个成矿系列,包括冈底斯与晚古生代沉积成矿作用有关的石膏矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与印支晚期—燕山早期中酸性岩浆成矿作用有关的Cu、Au、Ag、Fe矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与晚中生代沉积成矿作用有关的煤矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与喜马拉雅期岩浆成矿作用有关的Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、W、Fe、Co矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与新生代沉积成矿作用有关的砂金矿床成矿系列;⑥探讨了区域构造演化与成矿的关系。  相似文献   

青藏高原高海拔—难进入地区无人机地质调查试验研究与应用展望     

郑明  宋扬  唐菊兴  刘治博  胡广胜  胡懿灵 《地质论评》2022,68(4):1421-1438

青藏高原空气稀薄、气候恶劣、环境脆弱,是世界海拔最高、面积最大、地质构造最为复杂的地区,被称为世界第三极和造山的高原,属于全球典型的高海拔—难进入地区,传统的地质工作方法受到一定制约。本文首次将无人机引入海拔5000 m的藏北高原开展地质调查工作,探索研发无人机地质填图技术。通过5种不同类型无人机填图飞行试验,本文认为固定翼和旋翼无人机经螺旋桨、机身机翼以及倾斜摄影平台升级后可用于高海拔—难进入地区的大—中等比例尺（1∶50000至1∶1000）区域地质调查等地学领域野外作业。改进后的无人机理论寿命更长、飞行更加平稳、影像质量大幅提升。经实地飞行试验和野外校验,无人机获得的影像数据精度优于遥感卫星,局部精度最高可达3 cm,各地质体接触关系及纹理清晰明显,地质解译效果好,总体正确率高于95%。无人机地质填图技术具有成本低、数据获取快速、空间分辨率高、搭载设备类型多样等优势,在未来可与大数据、移动互联网、人工智能、虚拟现实技术结合创建一种安全、多维度、高精度虚拟地质作业平台,满足个性化、智能化、实时化、精确化的地质矿产工作需求。  相似文献   

西藏林周地区始新世托龙I型花岗岩对印度-欧亚板块碰撞时限的制约     

杨成业  冯佳佳  李玉彬  张金树  张根  夏洋洋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(6):1080-1096

目前已有研究对印度-欧亚板块碰撞时限的认识存在诸多分歧。本文对西藏林周县中部出露的托龙岩体开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析,以期进一步约束印度-欧亚板块的碰撞时间。托龙岩体内出露的石英二长斑岩呈岩株状侵入到帕那组中,锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该石英二长斑岩形成于始新世(50.5±0.6 Ma),锆石εHf (t)值为-0.6~-0.5。石英二长斑岩具有较低的A/CNK值、较高的K₂O含量和K₂O/Na₂O值,属于准铝质和钾玄岩系列。岩石普遍亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P,富集大离子亲石元素Th、U和Pb,轻、重稀土元素分异明显,(La /Yb)_N =15.3~16.3,Eu负异常较弱,δEu=0.56~0.69。托龙岩体较低的A/CNK值、P₂O₅与SiO₂的负相关性以及Y含量与Rb含量之间的正相关性,表明托龙石英二长斑岩为I型花岗岩。综合岩体的地球化学特征、同位素特征和前人研究成果,认为托龙石英二长斑岩可能是相对古老的变质中基性岩部分熔融的产物,形成于印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的俯冲板片断离环境,指示了印度-亚洲大陆的碰撞应发生于50 Ma之前。  相似文献   

Assessment of the Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Resources at some Wadis in the East of El Minia Governorate, Eastern Desert, Egypt     

Alzahraa Abo HABIBAH  Kamal DAHAB  Ashraf SHABANA  Samir KAMH  Hekmat IBRAHIM 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(3):1082-1097

The El Minia governorate lies within the Nile Valley, surrounded by calcareous plateaus to the east and west. The present study focuses on the hydrogeochemistry of the Eocene limestone aquifer at some wadis in the east El Minia governorate, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Hydrogeologically, two main aquifers are encountered in the study area, namely the Maghagha marly limestone and the Samalut chalky limestone aquifers. The Maghagha aquifer is composed of alternating layers of marly limestone and shale with thicknesses ranging from 3.49 m to 177.05 m and a groundwater depth ranging from 8.5 m to 59.27 m which reflects low groundwater potentiality. The groundwater salinity representing this aquifer ranges from 603.5 mg/L to 978.5 mg/L, reflecting fresh water type. Samalut aquifer is made up of chalky, cavernous and fractured limestone with thickness ranging from 30 m to 205 m and groundwater depth ranging from 9 m to 86.77 m, which indicates good groundwater potential. The groundwater salinity of the concerned aquifer ranges from 349.7 mg/L to 2043.9 mg/L, reflecting fresh to possibly brackish water types. Groundwater in the study area is of meteoric water origin; recent recharge is mainly controlled through the presence of fractures and their densities. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area are suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.  相似文献   

吉南龙岗岩群四道砬子河岩组泥质片麻岩变质作用     

郑常青  王博  王琳琳  李美慧 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(1):1-25

吉南新太古代泥质片麻岩出露于龙岗岩群四道砬子河岩组中,本文通过系统的岩相学、矿物化学、激光拉曼和锆石U Pb同位素年代学等分析,研究其变质演化特点、变质作用时代及构造意义.结果表明:龙岗岩群四道砬子河岩组泥质片麻岩记录了３个变质演化阶段,其中峰前期进变质阶段(M１)的矿物组合为石榴石＋黑云母＋斜长石＋石英＋白云母;峰期变质阶段(M２)的矿物组合为石榴石＋矽线石＋钾长石＋黑云母＋斜长石＋石英,达到麻粒岩相;峰后期退变质阶段(M３)以矽线石转变为蓝晶石为特征标 志,矿物组合为蓝晶石＋石榴石＋黑云母＋斜长石＋石英＋白云母.变质矿物地质温压计限定其变质作用,峰前期(M１)T 为４６８~５１５ ℃,p 为(３．８~４．３)×１０５ kPa;峰期(M２)T 为７０３~７６０ ℃,p 为(６．６~７．１)×１０５kPa;峰后期(M３)T 为５５２~５９１℃,p 为(５．５~６．０)×１０５kPa;具有典型的近等压冷却型逆时针变质作用p T 演化轨迹特征,可能是在地幔柱与岩石圈相互作用的环境中变质作用与大量的幔源岩浆底侵作用有关.LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年结果显示麻粒岩相变质作用时代为２４９５~２４４２Ma,属于新太古代变质热事件产物.  相似文献   

Genesis of Re-rich Molybdenite in the Baishan Mo deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, Northwest China     

Longxiang Ye  Dayu Zhang  Shiwei Wang  Taofa Zhou  Feng Yuan  Noel C. White  Wenjiao Xiao 《Resource Geology》2022,72(1):e12269

The Baishan molybdenum deposit is located in the central part of the Eastern Tianshan-Beishan tectonic belt, NW China. The deposit is hosted in early Carboniferous Gandun Formation biotite-rich hornfels and is genetically related to unexposed granodiorite porphyry beneath the orebodies. The molybdenite occurs in three different types from early to late stage: Molybdenite - Fe-Cu-sulfides - K-feldspar - quartz veins (Group 1); Molybdenite - Fe-Cu-sulfides - quartz veins (Group 2); and disseminated molybdenite in the wall rock (Group 3). Rhenium concentrations in the molybdenite grains range from 108 to 277 ppm in Group 1, 69–121 ppm in Group 2 and 46–135 ppm in Group 3. The Re concentrations of molybdenite in the Baishan Mo deposit decrease from early to late and from the center to periphery, and molybdenite types vary from the 2H₁ poly-type in Groups 1 and 2 to the 2H₁ + 3R2H₁ poly-type in Group 3, based on X-ray diffraction results. The Re-enriched molybdenite probably formed from an oxidized magmatic fluid that separated from a highly oxidized and H₂O- and volatile-enriched adakitic intrusion generated in the lower crust.  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous–Eocene granites,Tengchong Block (SW China): Petrogenesis and implications for Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Eastern Tethys     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101338

The Early Cretaceous–Early Eocene granitoids in the Tengchong Block record the evolutionary history of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of Eastern Tethys. (a) The Early Cretaceous granitoids with relatively low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.7090–0.7169 and ε_Nd(t) values of ?9.8 to ?7.8 display metaluminous, calc-alkaline dominated by I-type granite affinity and hybrid mantle–crust geochemical signatures. They may have been derived from melting of the subducted Meso-Tethyan Bangong-Nujiang oceanic crust with terrigenous sediments in an arc-continent collisional setting. (b) The Late Cretaceous–Paleocene granitoids with relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.7109–0.7627, and ε_Nd(t) values of ?12.1 to ?7.9 exhibit metaluminous to peraluminous, calc-alkaline dominated by S-type granite affinity and hybrid Lower–Upper crust geochemical signatures, which may be originated from partial melting of the Meso-Proterozoic continental crust in the collision setting between the Tengchong Block and Baoshan Block. (c) The Early Eocene granitoids have metaluminous, calc-alkaline I-type and S-type granites dual affinity, with relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.711–0.736, ε_Nd(t) values of ?9.4 to ?4.7, showing crust-mantle mixing geochemical signatures. They may have been originated from partial melting of the late Meso-Proterozoic upper crustal components mixed with some upper mantle material during the ascent process of mantle magma caused by the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Putao–Myitkyian oceanic crust, and collision between the Western Burma Block and the Tengchong Block. It is these multi-stage subductions and collisions that caused the spatial and temporal distribution of the granitic rocks in the Tengchong Block.  相似文献   

大兴安岭南段工农屯地区上侏罗统玛尼吐组火山岩U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其成因     

王亚东  姜山  王之晟  马国祥  王晓奇  卢天军  蔺鹏飞  于兵  王洪志 《地质论评》2023,69(3):973-986

内蒙古扎鲁特旗工农屯地区玛尼吐组火山岩位于大兴安岭南段,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为149±1.1Ma,形成时代为晚侏罗世。地球化学特征显示SiO₂(58.14%～63.69%),Al₂O₃(16.31%～18.66%),Fe₂O₃(3.17%～5.39%),K₂O+Na₂O(6.58%～7.86%),MgO(0.82%～2.04%),Mg^#(25～41)。研究区玛尼吐组安山岩属于准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石。稀土元素总量为136.41×10^-6～163.64×10^-6;轻稀土和重稀土元素之比为7.22～10.02,均值为8.42。(La/Yb)_N为7.70～10.44,均值8.95;(La/Sm)_N为3.18～3.77;因此可知轻稀土元素要比重稀土元素富集程度高,轻重稀土内部存在明显的分馏。δEu为0.84～0.9...  相似文献   

基于红外光谱技术的西藏多不杂斑岩型Cu-Au矿床蚀变及矿化特征研究——以钻孔ZK3112为例     

成嘉伟 《地质与勘探》2023,59(2):259-270

多不杂斑岩型Cu-Au矿床是西藏多龙矿集区内的三大矿床之一,随着该区找矿工作逐渐向深部及外围展开,需要较新的技术方法与勘查理念。本文通过短波红外(SWIR)技术对矿区内ZK3112钻孔开展光谱填图工作,在厘清钻孔内蚀变矿物类型、空间分布及矿物组合分带的基础上,对主要蚀变矿物的波谱特征参数变化规律进行统计。研究发现绢云母Al-OH2200Pos的低值(<2200 nm)和绿泥石Fe-OH2250Pos的高值(>2254 nm)均可以指示钻孔内蚀变较强的区域,可快速定位热液矿化中心,是有效的找矿勘查标识。利用ASTER数据提取区域上羟基蚀变信息,发现在多个矿区范围内均出现了与多不杂同样的羟基异常,这说明针对蚀变矿物波谱特征所建立的找矿勘查标志可能同样适用于本区域其他同类型矿床。该研究成果可为多不杂矿床及区域内同类型矿床的找矿勘查工作提供新方法、新理念。  相似文献   

Geology,geochronology, and exploration of the Jiama giant porphyry copper deposit (11 Mt), Tibet,China: A review     

《China Geology》2023,6(2):338-357

Jiama, with more than 11 Mt of copper metal, is the largest porphyry-skarn copper system in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, Tibet, China, creating ideal conditions for deciphering the origin of porphyry ores in a collision setting. Despite massive studies of the geology, chronology, petrogenesis, and ore-related fluids and their sources in Jiama, there is a lack of systematic summaries and reviews of this system. In contrast to traditional porphyry copper systems in a subduction setting, recent studies and exploration suggest that the Jiama deposit includes porphyry-type Mo-Cu, skarn-type Cu polymetallic, vein-type Au and manto orebodies. This paper reviews the latest studies on the geology, chronology, petrogenesis, fluid inclusions, and isotopic geochemistry (hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and lead) of the Jiama deposit. Accordingly, a multi-center complex mineralization model was constructed, indicating that multi-phase intrusions from the same magma reservoir can form multiple hydrothermal centers. These centers are mutually independent and form various orebodies or are superimposed on each other and form thick, high-grade orebodies. Finally, a new comprehensive exploration model was established for the Jiama porphyry copper system. Both models established in this study help to refine the theories on continental-collision metallogeny and porphyry copper systems.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献