基于GIS的北京市生态环境质量监测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王瑶  宫辉力  李小娟 《国土资源遥感》2008,(1):91-96

以2006年TM、SPOT 4及QuickBird遥感影像为信息源,在地理信息系统与遥感技术的支持下,结合野外调查及其它辅助数据,运用生态环境状况评价技术规范,对北京市2006年的生态环境质量进行评价,并对2000年与2006年北京市生态环境变化进行动态分析.结果表明: 2006年北京市生态环境质量评价指数为59.707,处于良好等级;2000～2006年间,北京全市生态环境状况稳定保持在"良"的状态,总体变化不大,但北京市耕地面积减少了339.09 km2,城镇建设用地增加了285.24 km2,水域面积减少了118.98 km2,其主要原因是降水量的减少、城市化扩张以及人为因素影响.  相似文献   

浙闽山区茶叶生产基地评价的探讨   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

华熙成 《地理研究》1994,13(3):98-103

茶叶基地的评价包括对基地的自然和经济条件的评估,应用系统分析方法,将自然和经济条件进行定量的综合评估,用综合评价值区分基地间的差异,最后定性与定量相结合,提出茶叶生产基地的合理布局.  相似文献   

血吸虫病的生态防治与抑螺防病林消除钉螺孳生环境机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

费世民  周金星  张旭东  蒋俊明  陈秀明 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(4):28-32

血吸虫病是发展中国家主要的寄生虫病之一,历史悠久,传播广泛,危害严重。研究表明,血吸虫是血吸虫病的病原体,哺乳类动物(终末宿主)和钉螺(中间宿主)是血吸虫的两个宿主。由于钉螺寄生终末宿主哺乳类动物种类多样,活动区域繁杂,人类难以控制,抑制中间寄主——钉螺的繁生便成了血吸虫病防治的有效对策。钉螺具有水陆两栖特性,其中卵的孵化、幼螺的生长发育离不开水。钉螺分布和数量受土壤和植被环境因素影响,并对栖息地具有严格的选择性。依据钉螺生物学和生态学特性,彭镇华和江泽慧提出通过林业生态工程对血吸虫病进行生态防治的思路——兴林抑螺。参照前人研究结果,综合分析了抑螺防病林改变钉螺孳生环境的机制:(1)在林木个体耗水、林分耗水、小流域耗水和林冠降低径流等方面,抑螺防病林降低了土壤水分含量,使得林地土壤水分无法满足钉螺的生长和发育条件;(2)从林木自身生物化学物质对钉螺外在生存和内部代谢环境影响角度,分析了林木自身代谢产物对抑制钉螺的生存和繁殖的作用及抑螺防病林抑制钉螺生存的生理生化机制。抑螺防病林除了具有抑制钉螺生长发育、控制血吸虫病的功能以外,还兼有人工林的多重效益。  相似文献   

益母草对钉螺化感作用的实验研究     

唐万鹏  王万贤 《湿地科学与管理》2006,2(4):47-53

本实验研究分别采用益母草的根、茎、叶的0.10、0.25、0.50、2.00、1.00g/L和水苏碱的0.20、0.40、0.60、0.80、1.00g/L5个不同浓度梯度的处理液处理钉螺,设清水和0.001g/L浓度的氯硝柳胺溶液为对照。结果表明:(1)益母草各部分的水浸液均有很好的灭螺效果,用不同浓度的处理液浸杀钉螺,在不同时间的处理下,钉螺死亡率存在差异,其钉螺死亡率是随处理浓度的增加和时间的延长呈上升趋势,0.5g/L以上的益母草根、茎、叶、化水浸液和浓度达0.60g/L以上的水苏碱处理液均可达到100%的毒杀钉螺致死效果,与通常使用浓度0.001g/L氯硝柳胺溶液的灭螺效果相当。不过益母草根、茎、叶水浸液的毒效较氯硝柳胺略慢,用0.001g/L氯硝柳胺溶液处理钉螺2～3d可达100%的死亡率,而用0.5g/L以上的益母草根、茎、叶水浸液水溶液处理需要3～5d才能达到同样的效果;灭螺效果顺序依次为:叶>茎>根。(2)钉螺趋避性研究表明,水苏碱和益母草根、茎和叶的处理液对钉螺具有明显的驱逐作用,而盐酸益母草碱几乎没有作用。(3)并对其剂量-效应与时间-效应进行了研究分析,由此获得化感作用植物益母草灭螺的化学生态学证据,为研制新的具中国特色的植物成份灭螺剂打下了基础,并为合成仿生灭螺剂以及最终构建生态工程中强化感作用植物群落灭螺提供理论依据。  相似文献   

煤炭城市生态环境可持续发展研究--以淮南市为例     

邢琴琴  焦华富  尹乐 《世界地理研究》2006,15(2):54-60

根据城市生态学原理和方法,针对煤炭城市生态环境特点,构建了能够体现煤炭城市生态环境质量主要特征的,定性、定量考核的评价指标体系。利用层次分析、变权综合指数等方法,建立了煤炭城市生态环境质量综合评价模型。从自然、经济、社会三个方面对淮南市生态环境质量进行评价,并对淮南市生态环境可持续发展提出了相应对策。  相似文献   

Ammonium regeneration in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze estuary during air-exposure     

L.J. Hou  M. Liu  J.J. Lu  S.Y. Xu  D.N. Ou  Y. Yang  D.G. Zheng 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(7):937-945

The influences of exposure to the atmosphere on ammonium cycle in the intertidal surface sediments were in situ studied with a geochemical approach at a typical station in the Yangtze Estuary during three tidal cycles in September 2003. During an about 8-h emersion period of each diurnal tide, six high-resolution vertical profiles of adsorbed and dissolved ammonium were measured. It was observed that both adsorbed and dissolved ammonium generally had an increasing trend in sediment cores during the exposure. The rate of ammonium regeneration in sediments was estimated using the accumulation amount of ammonium including adsorbed and soluble fractions during the daytime emersion. The calculation result showed that there was relatively high ammonification rate (˜500 nmol N cm⁻³ day⁻¹), which reflected that organic nitrogen in sediments was quickly decomposed with a residence time of ˜52.7 days. Due to the dramatic temperature difference observed in sediment profiles, free convection was considered an important mechanism of regulating the efflux of produced ammonium into overlying waters. The total estimated amount of regenerated ammonium was ˜1.35×10⁵ t N year⁻¹ in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary, which occupied 7.6% of the total inorganic nitrogen annually transported to the estuarine ecosystem.  相似文献   

安庆铜矿综合治水工程及其评价     

殷和平  疏志明 《地质灾害与环境保护》2002,13(2):32-35

介绍安庆铜矿矿山的生产及水文地质概况，指出矿山生产中存在的水文地质、环境地质等问题，提出总体治理方案和实施措施，对治水工程进行了综合评价。  相似文献   

北江大堤植草护坡效应研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

夏汉平  敖惠修  刘世忠  王广奎 《热带地理》2002,22(4):359-362

北江大堤在航运的浪涛侵蚀以及洪水和雨水的冲蚀下，部分河段边坡已变得支离破碎，对广州和珠江三角洲地区的防洪安全构成了严重威胁。香根草和百喜草都能耐较长时间的水淹，并都有较强的抗逆性。结合土石方工程，并辅以三维网覆盖，将香根草和百喜种在北江两岸的边坡上。结果，这一护坡措施不仅有较地防止了洪流冲蚀和雨水侵蚀，较好地起到了固土护坡作用，而且绿化美化了河岸边坡，成功解决了河湖水库的河岸带难以植被覆盖的难题。  相似文献   

Modelling of oxygen and nitrogen cycling as a function of macrophyte community in the Thau lagoon     

M. Plus  A. Chapelle  P. Lazure  I. Auby  G. Levavasseur  M. Verlaque  T. Belsher  J. -M. Deslous-Paoli  J. -M. Zaldívar  C. N. Murray 《Continental Shelf Research》2003,23(17-19):1877

A three-dimensional model coupling physical and biological processes for the whole Thau lagoon (Mediterranean coast of France) was developed in order to assess the relationships between macrophytes and the oxygen and nitrogen cycles. Ten species have been inserted as forcing variables in the model. Plankton dynamics, shellfish cultivation impact and mineralization of organic matter are also considered, as well as nutrient and oxygen exchanges between the sediment and the water column.Simulations with and without the macrophytes have shown that the system can be characterized as having a highly structured pattern involving lagoon nitrogen and oxygen cycles. This pattern is created by the combined influence of macrophytes, watershed and oyster farming.The model has been also used to assess the total annual macrophyte production at the whole lagoon scale. Comparisons with phytoplankton production and with results from other temperate lagoons have underlined the high productivity of the Thau lagoon supported by active nutrient regeneration.  相似文献   

Simulation Experiments of Land Surface Physical Processes and Ecological Effect over Different Underlying Surface     

LIU Shu-hua~ 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth‘s surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...  相似文献