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人工引发雷电试验及其特征的初步分析 总被引:2,自引:11,他引:2
1989年夏季,我们在甘肃永登黑林子地区进行了用拖带接地金属细丝的火箭引发雷电的试验,获得了3次成功。本文分析了这3次引发雷电的放电特征。结果表明,放电是在雷暴云下部正电荷的作用下上行负流光的激发和传播过程,雷电人工引发时的地面电场为6-8kV/m。由一简单物理模式粗略地定量估算出了放电参数:中和电荷量约为12-5.3C,电荷 中心离地高度1.3-2.5km,和甘肃地区雷暴云下部正电荷中心高度范围一致。 相似文献
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常德市水文地质及电测深、电测井的资料反映了孔隙水含水层涌水量的大小与含水层厚度、颗粒组分及其结构的多因素的复杂组合──—厚度(M)与视电阻率(ρ_s)的乘积密切相关,据此可预测单井涌水量。 相似文献
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对流和层状云系电活动,对流及降水特性的相关分析 总被引:27,自引:11,他引:27
通过对6次不同云系电特性、回波、对流及降水特性的综合分析,探讨了它们之间的相关性。结果表明:除不稳定能量外,-10℃层和0℃层高度以及他们之间的高度差、0℃层与云顶的高度差也是表征雷暴动力和电特性的重要参量;雷暴云起电过程对冰相作用有较强的依赖性;雷暴中的电活动与对流活动成正相关,闪电多发生在30dBz强回波高度大于-10℃层高度时段内,强烈的电活动与强降雨有很好的对应关系,而与一般性降雨对应关系较差;在雷暴消散期,闪电可能会影响雷暴的特性 相似文献
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W. David Rust Donald R. MacGorman Eric C. Bruning Stephanie A. Weiss Paul R. Krehbiel Ronald J. Thomas William Rison Timothy Hamlin Jeremiah Harlin 《Atmospheric Research》2005,76(1-4):247
Balloon-borne electric field soundings and lightning mapping data have been analyzed for three of the storms that occurred in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study field program in 2000 to determine if the storms had inverted-polarity electrical structures. The polarities of all or some of the vertically stacked charge regions in such storms are opposite to the polarities observed at comparable heights in normal storms. Analyses compared the charge structures inferred from electric field soundings in the storms with charges inferred from three-dimensional lightning mapping data. Charge structures were inferred from electric field profiles by combining the one-dimensional approximation of Gauss's law with additional information from three-dimensional patterns in the electric field vectors. The three different ways of inferring the charge structure in the storms were found to complement each other and to be consistent overall. Charge deposition by lightning possibly occurred and increased the charge complexity of one of the storms.Many of the cloud flashes in each case were inverted-polarity flashes. Two storms produced ground flash activity comprised predominantly of positive ground flashes. One storm, which was an isolated thunderstorm, produced inverted-polarity cloud flashes, but no flashes to ground. The positive and negative thunderstorm charge regions were found at altitudes where, respectively, negative and positive charge would be found in normal-polarity storms. Thus, we conclude that these storms had anomalous and inverted-polarity electrical structures. Collectively, these three cases (along with the limited cases in the refereed literature) provide additional evidence that thunderstorms can have inverted-polarity electrical structures. 相似文献
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Triggered-lightning properties inferred from measured currents and very close electric fields 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
V. Kodali V.A. Rakov M.A. Uman K.J. Rambo G.H. Schnetzer J. Schoene J. Jerauld 《Atmospheric Research》2005,76(1-4):355
Triggered-lightning properties, including dart-leader charge density, return-stroke propagation speed, dart-leader electric potential, dart-leader propagation speed, and dart-leader current, inferred from return-stroke current and very close electric field measurements, are presented. Although most of the estimates are based on relatively crude models, they are all generally in good agreement with independent measurements and/or theoretical considerations found in the literature. The results are likely to be applicable to subsequent strokes in natural lightning. 相似文献
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This study attempts to reconstruct the history of the Collinabos landslide, a landslide with a fresh morphology that is representative for more than 150 dormant, deep-seated (> 3 m) landslides in the Flemish Ardennes (Belgium). A geomorphological map was created based on LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-derived maps and detailed field surveys. The map showed that the landslide consisted of three zones with significant differences in surface topography. The northern landslide zone 1 is characterised by at least five reverse slopes, whereas zones 2 and 3, the southern landslide zones, have only two reverse slopes and a convex foot. Electric resistivity profiles measured in zones 1 and 2 revealed that the differences in surface topography were not related to differences in internal structure as both parts of the landslide were initiated as a rotational earth slide with a surface of rupture at 15 m deep, where the displaced material broke apart in two blocks. However, two shear surfaces of reactivations within landslide debris were only distinguished in the accumulation area of zone 1. The observed differences in surface morphology can be caused by a temporary conversion of a forest into cropland in zone 2. It is suggested that reverse slopes of smaller reactivations within landslide debris were obliterated during the agricultural activities. AMS radiocarbon dating of organic material found in ponds located in reverse slopes generally resulted in relatively recent dates (i.e. 1400–1950 Cal AD) suggesting that several of the small local reactivations occurred in that period. One dating at 8700–8440 Cal BP of organic matter collected in a reverse slope in zone 1 suggests that an initiation under periglacial conditions cannot be excluded for the Collinabos landslide. By combining different technologies, this study provides valuable information for a better understanding of dormant landslides. 相似文献