青藏高原一次地闪放电过程的分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孔祥贞  郄秀书  赵阳  张彤  张广庶  董万胜 《地球物理学报》2006,49(4):993-1000

利用成像率为1000 幅/s的高速摄像系统和快、慢电场变化仪以及宽带干涉仪系统等探测仪器在青藏高原那曲地区所观测的地闪资料,对一次地闪回击及其之前的持续时间较长的云内放电过程进行了分析.结果表明：地闪先导前的云内放电过程发生于雷暴云下部正电荷区和中部负电荷区之间;云中部负电荷区距离地面的高度为28～45 km;闪电的起始放电发生区域距离地面的高度为10～17 km;初始流光在云外发展时具有很大的水平分量和较多的分支;梯级先导的速度为1×105 m/s,在向地面发展时出现较大的弯曲;首次回击放电过程与低海拔地区没有差异,通道中的峰值电流有241 kA;继后回击相对较弱.  相似文献   

岷山隆起带与西秦岭构造带中段中上地壳电性结构特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

闵刚  王绪本  夏时斌  周军  张兵  蔡学林  梁斯琪 《地球物理学报》2017,60(6):2397-2413

岷山隆起带与西秦岭构造带中段位于青藏高原物质东向流动的必经之处,又是南北地震带的组成部分和GPS速度场非连续性衰减和转换的关键部位,其地壳结构及地壳变形机制受到国内外地质地球物理学家的广泛关注,了解研究区深部细结构及主要边界断裂空间展布特征,对青藏高原隆升机制及中强地震孕震构造的研究有重要意义.本文依托分别横跨岷山隆起带及西秦岭构造带中段的两条大地电磁剖面(SG-WQL-L1与SG-WQL-L2)小点距观测数据,采用大地电磁相位张量分解技术对两条剖面上各个测点的电性走向、二维偏离度进行计算分析,根据分析结果对原始数据进行主轴方位角校正处理,进一步采用NLCG(非线性共轭梯度)二维反演方法开展TE与TM模式的相位和电阻率联合反演,获取沿剖面方向30 km以浅的电阻率结构模型,并完成了地质地球物理综合解释.两条大地电磁剖面勘探成果揭示出,马尔康地块中上地壳发育的壳内低阻层与峨山隆起上地壳低阻体在深部交汇,岷江断裂带与虎牙断裂带受控于马尔康地块与岷山隆起带上地壳底部的滑脱面,滑脱面呈现往东角度逐渐变陡峭的趋势且在岷江附近出现"断坡"构造,历史强震震源深度显示虎牙断裂为岷山隆起带新生代强震的发震断裂;西秦岭构造带中段中上地壳沿剖面方向表现为横向分块、纵向分层的电性结构特征,中地壳12~25 km左右发育厚度不等的壳内低阻层,壳内低阻层多与研究区次级地块的边界断裂在深部交汇,次级地块以及区分次级地块的活动断裂带可能是GPS速度场在研究区呈现非连续性的递减并伴随方向转换的构造成因;青藏高原内部的软流圈物质向NE和SSE流动,驱动巴颜喀拉地块东缘上地壳沿中上地壳低阻层东向运移,受到摩天岭高阻地块的阻挡作用,软弱的岷山隆起带发生地壳褶皱变形并向东逆冲推覆从而形成高耸的岷山山脉,岷江断裂与虎牙断裂的左旋运动加速了岷山的隆起.  相似文献   

An energy conversion system based on deep-sea pressure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Feng Wang  Linyi Gu  Ying Chen   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(1):53-62

A novel seawater pressure energy conversion system that utilizes seawater pressure to generate electricity has been studied in this paper. The energy conversion system utilizes the pressure difference between the pressurized seawater and the empty pressure container to drive hydraulic motor and the coaxially coupled generator to generate electric power. The output electric energy is recorded by the data logger throughout the process. In the current study, technical analysis is performed with the emphasis on conversion efficiency between seawater pressure energy and output electric energy. The analysis is conducted at various pressure differences through the throttle valve so as to obtain maximum conversion efficiency. Research shows that the optimum pressure difference through the throttle valve and the maximum conversion efficiency can be theoretically calculated when the properties of the conversion system are given. Simulation results have demonstrated the influence of pressure difference on conversion efficiency. The test apparatus has been designed, built and tested in 2004. It successfully generated electric energy of approximately 0.85 kW h at the depth of 2400 m with empty pressure container's holding capacity of 200 L in the voyage “DY105-16” in South China Sea on June 12, 2004. The actual conversion efficiency from seawater pressure energy to electric energy reaches as high as 63.8% which is attractive for underwater equipments. The success of the experiment has tested the feasibility of utilizing seawater pressure energy and brings a new power supply way for long-term in-situ underwater equipments.  相似文献   

桂林市电子沙盘设计及其功能   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈伟海  马祖陆  何观德  张志明 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(2):66-70

桂林市电子沙盘的开发采用了3S技术、多媒体技术和数字化技术, 它以数字化的地形图为基础数据源, 建立数字高程模型; 以卫星遥感数字图像为三维景观的表层粘模。电子沙盘具有二维平面-三维立体图对照显示,任意调整观察的位置、高度、方位、视角等功能, 并可以按预设的路线在空中模拟飞行观察, 给人亲临其境的感觉。同时, 它具有绘制剖面、求算任意区域地表面积和土石方量(水库库容)等功能, 突破传统沙盘的概念。  相似文献   

Cosmic rays and the electric field of thunderclouds: Evidence for acceleration of particles (runaway electrons)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N.S. Khaerdinov  A.S. Lidvansky  V.B. Petkov 《Atmospheric Research》2005,76(1-4):346

We present the data on correlations of the intensity of the soft component of cosmic rays with the local electric field of the near-earth atmosphere during thunderstorm periods at the Baksan Valley (North Caucasus, 1700 m a.s.l.). The large-area array for studying the extensive air showers of cosmic rays is used as a particle detector. An electric field meter of the ‘electric mill’ type (rain-protected) is mounted on the roof of the building in the center of this array. The data were obtained in the summer seasons of 2000–2002. We observe strong enhancements of the soft component intensity before some lightning strokes. At the same time, the analysis of the regression curve ‘intensity versus field’ discovers a bump at the field sign that is opposite to the field sign corresponding to acceleration of electrons. It is interpreted as a signature of runaway electrons from the region of the strong field (with opposite sign) overhead.  相似文献   

河北张北 6.2级地震前的电磁辐射异常     

凌芝 《山西地震》2000,(1):47-48

震前电磁辐射接收记录表明,河北张北地震前在北京,山西太原,河南安阳、洛阳记录到震前异常,这些异常全部在地震发生前结束,若在地震前能全面掌握这些异常,似能预报出河北张北地震。这些异常进一步表明电磁波接收仪能反映地震前兆。指出,为更好地发挥电磁波接收仪的作用,需要解决用计算机网络传递数据的问题。  相似文献   

华能南京电厂粉煤灰中微珠的矿物相特征及形成机理探讨     

徐红  陈小明 《高校地质学报》2000,6(1):80-88

利用现代分析测试技术,对华能南京电厂粉煤灰中玻璃微珠的一些物理性质和微结构特征,如形貌、粒径分布、颗粒类型和化学成分、矿物相种类和含量、漂珠的丰度、微珠的 壳壁厚度以及热稳定性等进行了详细研究,并对其成因机制进行了讨论。空心微珠包括各种复珠的形成,主要与煤的成分和微结构有关,也与煤粒的燃烧过程有一定的联系。  相似文献   

Monitoring crack development in fiber concrete beam by using electrical resistivity imaging     

N. Wiwattanachang  P.H. Giao 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):294-304

Accurate detection of damaged concrete zones plays an important role in selecting the proper remedial technique. This study presents results from an application of the electrical imaging method to monitor the development of cracks in fiber concrete beams.The study showed that resistivity measurements on the concrete specimens were able to detect the increase of concrete resistivity with the curing time that reached about 65 Ωm after 28 days of curing. A similar development trend of concrete compressive strength was also found.Two types of cracks were investigated, i.e., artificial cracks made of plastic sheets inserted in concrete and cracks developed during a four-step loading test. A mini-electric imaging survey with Wenner array was conducted on the tension face of the beams. To deal with the effect of the beam size new procedures to correct resistivity measurements before inversion were proposed and successfully applied in this study. The results indicated that both crack direction and depth could be accurately determined in the inverted resistivity sections.  相似文献   

基于双金属球三维电场探空仪的一次雷暴云内电荷结构观测研究     

张鸿波  郄秀书  刘明远  蒋如斌  陆高鹏  刘瑞婷  刘冬霞  陈志雄  孙竹玲  李宗祥  李进梁  马子龙 《地球物理学报》2021,64(4):1155-1166

本文自主研制性能稳定的双金属球三维电场探空仪,并结合气象探空仪等构建了雷暴电场-气象综合探空系统,实现了雷暴云内三维电场及温度、湿度的同步测量.2019年夏季对华北平原地区雷暴开展穿云观测,并结合地面大气电场、雷达回波、变分多普勒雷达分析系统(VDRAS)反演的动力场等资料进行综合研究,首次给出该地区雷暴云内的电场和电荷结构分布特征.对2019年8月7日发生的一次中尺度对流系统电场探空发现,在雷暴减弱阶段,其弱回波区内存在5个极性交替的电荷区:4.4~5.6 km之间的上部正电荷区(0℃附近)、3.6~4.4 km之间的中部负电荷区和1.0~3.6 km之间的下部正电荷区,此外在1 km下方有一个负极性电荷区,雷暴云顶附近5.7~6.9 km之间为一个弱负极性屏蔽电荷区.其中,中部负电荷区和下部正电荷区由多个不同强度、不同厚度的电荷层构成.此外,电场探空系统在中部负电荷区高度范围内经历的上升—下沉—再次上升的往返探空数据表明,雷暴云内动力环境复杂,电荷结构分布相似但又有所差异,反映了实际雷暴云内电荷分布的时空不均匀性和复杂性.  相似文献   

圆棒试样直径对直读光谱分析的影响及校正方法     

石蕊  郭亮  赵挺  应海松  金献忠 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):241-245

在实际工作中发现,电火花直读光谱法直接分析圆棒试样时,圆棒试样直径的大小会对各元素测定结果产生影响。本文在40 mm厚合金钢板上制备出直径为Φ25 mm、Φ12 mm、Φ8 mm、Φ6 mm、Φ4 mm、Φ3 mm等系列试样,采用电火花直读光谱法研究了圆棒试样直径对元素测定的影响。结果表明,随着圆棒试样直径的减小,碳硫锰磷铬镍铜和锡的测定值偏大,硅的测定值略偏小,钼和钒的测定值偏小;各元素测定结果的变化与其挥发性和存在形态相关。为了校正各元素的测定结果,本文提出曲线插入法的校正方法,采用标准物质进行测定,各元素经过校正的测定值与标准值的绝对差值都小于相应方法规定的实验室间允差（R）,证明了曲线插入校正方法的可行性,改善了直读光谱分析的准确度,可以适用于直径Φ3 mm以上圆棒试样的直接分析。  相似文献