Aseismio fault slip and block deformation in North China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lanbo Liu  Alan T. Linde  I. Selwyn Sacks  Shihai He 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(3-4):717-740

In North China, the tectonic fault-block system enables us to use the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method to simulate the long-term cross-fault survey and other geodetic data related to aseismic tectonic deformation. By the simulation we have found that: (1) Slips on faults with different orientation are generally in agreement with the ENE-WSW tectonic stress field, but the slip pattern of faulting can vary from nearly orthogonal, to pure shear along the strike of the faults, this pattern cannot be explained by simple geometric relation between the strike of the fault and the direction of the tectonic shortening. This phenomenon has been observed at many sites of cross-fault geodetic surveys, and might be caused by the interactions between different blocks and faults. (2) According to the DDA model, if the average aseismic slip rate along major active faults is at the order of several tenths of millimeter per year as observed by the cross-fault geodetic surveys, the typical strain rate inside a block is at the order of 10^–8 year^–1 or less, so that the rate of 10^–6 year^–1, as reported by observations in smaller areas, cannot be the representative deformation rate in this region. (3) Between the slips caused by regional compression and block rotation, there is a possibility that the sense of slip caused by rigid body rotation in two adjacent blocks is opposite to the slip caused by the tectonic compression. But the magnitude of slip resulting from the tectonic compression is much larger than that due to the block rotation. Thus, in general, the slip pattern on faults as a whole agrees with the sense of tectonic compression in this region. That is to say, the slip caused by regional compression dominates the entire slip budget. (4) Based on (3), some observed slips in contradiction to ENE tectonic stress field may be caused by more localized sources, and have no tectonic significance.  相似文献   

An Approach for Classification of Groundwaters by Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Discriminant Analysis     

W. Geyer  L. Brüggemann  U. Schmitz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(5):206-211

Monitoring and evaluation of groundwater quality in drinking water protectorates is of particular interest if the uncontrolled entry of pollutants, for example by infiltrating river water, cannot be excluded. A fluorescence spectroscopic method is presented as possible alternative to the conventional expensive hydrochemical investigations. This method uses the information yielded by synchronous fluorescence spectra. After a Fourier transformation of the original spectra and a following discriminant analysis, the samples can be classified in different groups corresponding to the different types of groundwater. The method was tested in the drinking water protectorate of a waterworks of a German metropolis (Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt). We found a prediction rate of about 90% in the investigated case.  相似文献   

IR-spektroskopische und weitere Untersuchungen an neuen Weichspüler-Wirkstoffen     

H. Hellmann 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1996,24(5):218-225

IR Spectroscopy and Further Analyses of New Fabric Rinse Agents Distearyldimethylammoniumchloride (DSDMAC) that dominated the fabric softener market in Germany in the past is now substituted by three new types of ester-based agents, i.e. imidazoline ester, ester quats, and diester quats what poses new challenges to surface water analytics. The IR spectra and the chromatographic behaviour of these three agents are more or less similar to those of naturally occuring fatty esters. The paper reports about the use of IR spectroscopy, its benefit in the sense of fingerprinting principle, the identification of substances by functional groups, and the analytical tracing of transformation products. The latter relates to the formation of salts with anions that are easily detectable, the clean up, and the final spectroscopic determination. While in 1994 DSDMAC was still determinable in concentrations of 10…20 mg/kg in suspended solids from the Middle Rhine River, the concentration of the substitutes was below the detection limit of 2 mg/kg and 1…2 μg/L in 1995.  相似文献   

计算机辅助绘制流域等流时线   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王腊春  陈晓玲 《地理科学》1996,16(2):184-190

采用地理信息系统方法，对流域的地形地貌特征进行分析，模拟水质点在流域上的运动轨迹，并根据水质点汇流时间与汇流路径，坡度，坡长的关系，建立了流域汇流等流时线模型，经实例验证，效果较好。  相似文献   

汕头市历史地震影响烈度的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贾素娟 《华南地震》1992,12(1):57-63

本文将所论地震事件视为随机事件。按全概率定理分析了地震对场地的地震动影响(A)和超越给定值的概率P:对地震烈度序列进行了极值统计分析,得到汕头市地震平均重现期及其对应的烈度值。  相似文献   

层次分析法（AHP法）在金矿勘查中的应用—新疆金窝子金矿床为例     

贺连顺 《矿产与地质》1992,6(6):420-424

应用层次分析法（Analystical Hierarchy Process,简称AHP法）确定金窝子金矿床合理的工业品位指标。将影响工业品位的因素及各因素间的隶属关系构成系统的多层次分析结构模型，进行层次排序，制订工业品位指标的总目标，通过分析和计算，确定工业品位指标的最佳方案，取得了较满意的结果。  相似文献   

表面气温内部变率估算方法的比较研究     

陆静文  周天军  黄昕  张文霞  邹立维 《大气科学》2020,44(1):105-121

本文利用37个CMIP5模式和CESM（Community Earth System Model）包含40个成员的超级集合试验的表面气温预估数据，比较了工业革命前气候参照试验、多项式拟合法和方差分析方法这三种目前在国际上运用较多的方法所估算的表面气温内部变率的异同，分析了内部变率的估算对气候预估中信号萌芽时间（TOE）的影响。结果表明:若采用CMIP5多模式集合，则工业革命前气候参照试验和多项式拟合法都是估算内部变率的合理方法，而方差分析方法则由于包含模式性能自身的影响会夸大内部变率故不推荐使用。内部变率的全球分布呈现出极向强化的现象，中高纬度地区的内部变率幅度远大于热带、副热带地区。内部变率受不同排放情景的影响较小，且随时间无显著变化，但方差分析方法估算的内部变率在热带地区容易受到排放情景的影响。若基于类似CESM这样的单个气候模式的超级集合模拟试验来估算内部变率，三种方法估算的结果相似。不同方法估算的内部变率对TOE的影响主要位于北大西洋拉布拉多海、南大洋威德尔海和罗斯海等邻近海洋深对流区。对于中国区域平均来说，基于CESM超级集合模拟试验，三种方法估算的内部变率与强迫信号之比都小于15%；对CMIP5多模式集合，采用工业革命前气候参照试验和多项式拟合法得到的结果与此接近，但若采用方差分析方法则显著高估内部变率的作用。  相似文献   

韶关市近50年强降水频数统计及周期分析     

李丽 《广东气象》2003,(3):21-23

利用韶关市近50年降水资料,对逐日降水量R24（20～20时）≥50．0mm的强降水次数进行统计分析,结果表明韶关暴雨及以上强降水主要集中在多水期的3～7月,其中5、6月份为最多,这与韶关的自然季节降水特点是相吻合的;从50年代至90年代,各年代大暴雨和暴雨分别呈现出偏少．正常-正常-偏少-偏多和偏多～正常-偏少～偏少～偏多的演变趋势;R24≥50．0mm的强降水总次数及历年5、6月份R24≥50．0mm的强降水次数存在周期变化。  相似文献   

青藏高原地区能量水分循环：地表能量平衡和湍流热通量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏中波  张廷  马耀明  贾立  文军 《地球科学进展》2006,21(12):1224-1236

文章给出了青藏高原能量水分循环研究的概况和总结，着重估计了能量平衡各分项和湍流热通量等。在能量平衡的计算基础上，尽管能量不平衡的原因解释仍有争论并且没有解决，但我们揭示了GAME/Tibet试验观测资料中能量不平衡现象。我们发现估算的潜热通量比实际观测的要高许多。然而，根据能量平衡假设的计算结果和SEBS的估算一致性很好。在此基础上可以归纳出差异主要由GAME/Tibet试验观测资料中能量不平衡引起，潜热通量的实际观测可能偏小。  相似文献   

Energy approach for earthquake induced slope failure evaluation     

T. Kokusho  T. Ishizawa 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):221-230

Earthquake-induced slope stability is evaluated by the force-equilibrium method in engineering practice. This method provides a safety factor against initiating failure or displacement according to the Newmark model along a fixed slip surface but it cannot evaluate failure deformations after failure occurs. An energy approach is proposed as an alternative means for evaluating slope failures and subsequent flow deformations. The driving energy for slope displacement is considered to be the earthquake energy and the gravitational potential energy. As a first step in the research, an energy balance is formulated for the model of a rigid block resting on an inclined plane. Then, an innovative model test is developed, in which the energy balance in a sliding slope is measured on a shake table. The earthquake energy used for the slope failure can be successfully quantified in the test and its contribution to displacement is discussed in the light of the energy balance established for the block model.  相似文献