Eocene drill holes in cold-seep bivalves of Hokkaido, northern Japan     

Kazutaka Amano  & Robert G. Jenkins 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(1):108-114

Four specimens of the thyasirid Conchocele bisecta (Conrad) and one small specimen of the vesicomyid Hubertschenckia ezoensis (Yokoyama), each with a drill hole made by a naticid gastropod, were found at a cold‐seep site in the upper Eocene Poronai Formation of Hokkaido. This is apparently the oldest record not only of drill holes, but also of predation scars, in a cold‐seep fauna. In addition, drilled vesicomyids are known from several Miocene cold‐seep sites in Japan. We suggest that the Eocene and Miocene chemoautotrophic bivalves were drilled only in the shallow‐water settings preferred by most naticids. The lack of drill holes in Oligocene chemoautotrophic bivalves in the northwestern USA suggests that this innovation, which allowed naticids to prey upon highly toxic bivalves, first appeared in the western Pacific during the Eocene.  相似文献   

Original Sedimentary Pattern of an Inverted Basin: A Case Study from the Bozhong Depression, Offshore Bohai Bay Basin     

ZHAO Junfeng  LIU Chiyang  HUANG Lei  MOUNTNEY Nigel  HAN Shaoji  LIU Peng  HU Junhao 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2163-2181

The third member of Shahejie Formation(Sha-3 member; 42–38Ma of Eocene) in the Bozhong Depression,offshore Bohai Bay Basin was subject to multiple post-depositional modifications. The present structural framework of the Bozhong Depression,which is characterized by sags alternating with uplifts,does not reflect its original sedimentary pattern. Previous studies have not discussed the post-depositional modification of this succession,including the sedimentary pattern variations and the depositional geodynamic setting. This work determined the characteristics of the post-depositional modification and original sedimentary pattern of the Bozhong Depression through analysis of seismic data,well-log data and fission-track ages. The results demonstrate that the Shijiutuo rise,a major structural feature of the current basin,did not exist during the major depositional stage of the Sha-3 member,when the Qinnan sag was largely connected to the Bozhong sag to form a single contiguous deposition area within the basin. By contrast,the Shaleitian and Chengbei rises,located in the western part of the Bozhong Depression,have existed before the depositional period of the Eocene Sha-3 member; these features were manifested as syn-depositional tilted fault blocks,the uplifted footwall blocks of which provided sediments for the neighboring Shanan and Chengbei sags. The western part of the Bonan low rise,located in the southern part of the Bozhong Depression,did not experience uplifting during the depositional phase of the Eocene Sha-3 member. The Huanghekou sag was connected with the Bozhong sag in the western part of the Bozhong Depression. The original sedimentary boundary of the southern Miaoxi sag possibly extended eastward about 10 km and connected with the Bozhong sag at its northern part. The present-day Bodong low rise,which is bounded by the Tan–Lu fault zone,also formed after the depositional period of Eocene Sha-3 member. It is thus concluded that the Bozhong Depression formed a connected large-scale sub-basin during the depositional stage of the Eocene Sha-3 member. Several neighboring sags that are now separated by rises,including the Qinnan,Shanan,Chengbei,Huanghekou,Miaoxi and Bodong sags,formed a single contiguous depositional area during the Eocene. The significant differences between the present and original basin patter and framework provide valuable information for better understanding the history of basin inversion and its impact on related hydrocarbon-system evolution.  相似文献   

宁南盆地新生界寺口子组磁性地层学研究     

韩鹏  刘池洋  高飞  房建军  王建强 《地层学杂志》2008,32(3)

通过对宁夏固原新生代寺口子剖面的古地磁年代研究,获得该剖面始新统寺口子组共记录的15个正极性和14个反极性,可以与标准极性柱C21n—C11n.1n段进行很好的对比,通过多种地质资料综合分析,确定年龄为47.906—29.401Ma。这一年龄区间正好与现今鄂尔多斯盆地周缘其他新生代断陷盆地(如渭河盆地、银川盆地等)接受沉积的时代基本一致,宁南盆地的发育与这些周缘新生代断陷盆地很可能具有相同的区域地球动力学环境和盆地属性。  相似文献   

广东茂名盆地油柑窝组的地质时代     

金建华 《地层学杂志》2008,32(1):47-50

广东油柑窝组以含丰富的茂名无盾龟Anosteira maomingensis和石油马来鳄Tomistoma petrolica等爬行类化石而成为我国古近系的一个重要化石层位,但长期以来关于油柑窝组的时代问题一直存有争议。最近,在油柑窝组油页岩中又新发现了哺乳动物化石——杨氏路南兽(相似种)Lunania cf.L.youngi,根据茂名盆地油柑窝组的爬行类、鱼类、孢粉化石以及新近发现的哺乳动物化石,油柑窝组的时代应为始新世晚期。  相似文献   

Palynological characteristics of Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits on the west of the Sambian Peninsula (Kaliningrad region), Part 2     

G. N. Aleksandrova  N. I. Zaporozhets 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2008,16(5):528-539

The results of studying dinocysts in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene succession of the Kaliningrad region are considered. Distinguished in the succession are seven biostratigraphic units in the rank of the Palaeohystrichophora infusorioides, Chatangiella vnigrii, Cerodinium diebelii, Alisocysta margarita, Deflandrea oebisfeldensis, Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, and Rhombodinium perforatum beds and one Charlesdowniea clathrata angulosa Zone. The Lyubavas Formation has not been distinguished on the west of the Sambian Peninsula. Ages of the Sambia, Alka, and Prussian formations are verified.  相似文献   

Quantitative evaluation of the reservoir potential and controlling factors of semi-deep lacustrine tempestites in the Eocene Lijin Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin,East China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Ancient lacustrine storm-deposits that act as petroleum reservoirs are seldom reported. The Lijin Sag, which is located in the southeastern corner of the Bohai Bay Basin in East China, is a NE–SW trending Cenozoic half-graben basin. Some of its Eocene deposits (Bindong deposits) were interpreted as lacustrine tempestites. The Bindong tempestites, which developed in the lower part of the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Es4¹), constitute a new kind of petroleum reservoir and are novel petroleum exploration targets in the Bindong Area. However, the characteristics of the Es4¹ Bindong tempestite reservoirs and their controlling factors are poorly understood. Point-count analyses of thin sections, scanning electron microscope image analyses, X-ray diffractometry data, and the petrophysical parameters of the Bindong tempestite reservoirs were utilized to estimate the reservoir quality. The reservoirs have undergone significant diagenetic alteration, which can be divided into negative and positive aspects. The negative alteration includes compaction, authigenic minerals, and cementation such as carbonates, clay minerals and overgrowths of quartz and feldspar. The uneven distribution of carbonate cement increased the reservoir’s heterogeneity, with carbonate cement commonly precipitating along the sandstone-mudstone contacts. The primary porosity was severely reduced because of compaction and extensive carbonate cementation. Positive alteration includes dissolution, carbonate cementation, undercompaction and fractures. Carbonate cementation exhibited both positive and negative effects on the reservoir quality. Overall, the objective reservoir quality is quite poor. A quantitative evaluation of the reservoirs’ potential was conducted. The cutoff values of several of the reservoir’s parameters were calculated. The lower limits of the porosity and permeability are 8.35–5.85% and 1.2587–0.2753 × 10^–3 μm², respectively, depending on the depth. The upper limits of the carbonate and mud content are approximately 18.5% and 9–10%, respectively. A fundamental understanding of these characteristics will provide necessary information for extracting hydrocarbons from analogous subsurface reservoirs.  相似文献   

渤海典型低孔低渗油藏储层预测及效果——以渤海A油田沙河街组二段为例     

周军良  胡勇  李超  赵军寿  陈华靖 《海相油气地质》2016,(4):73-77

综合利用地震、钻井、测井等资料,从渤海A油田古近系沙河街组二段的地层发育特征入手,以砂体发育特征与地震资料响应的匹配关系为研究思路,探究古地貌分析、地震属性分析等手段对研究区沙二段储层预测的适用性。通过开展最大振幅之和的地震属性计算、已钻井砂体厚度趋势约束、古地貌联合校正的储层预测,表明在沙二段沉积时期研究区主要为沟谷与洼地被两凸起分隔的古地貌格局,有利储层主要发育在西南及东北古地貌低洼处,东北部是后期开发调整的潜力区。基于该储层预测方法的合理性得到了5口设计井实钻结果的检验,证实了该成果不仅有助于油田下步调整方案的制定和实施,而且储层预测的思路和方法也可供海上类似中深层油田借鉴。  相似文献   

The Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition: Review of Recent Progress     

XIAO Guoqiao  ZHANG Zhongshi  YAO Zhengquan 《地质论评》2012,58(1)

始新世—渐新世(E-O)气候转变(34Ma前后)是新生代气候演化过程中最显著的变冷事件之一,标志着地球气候由“温室”进入“冰室”.这一转变伴随着地球环境的一系列重大变化,对于研究新生代气候变冷的驱动机制、区域气候对全球重大气候事件的响应方式、重大气候事件对生态环境及生物演替的影响等具有重要意义.近年来地质记录和气候模拟在E-O转变研究上取得了一系列重要进展:①不同纬度区的地质记录揭示出这一转变伴随着全球性的显著降温,指示其触发因素是全球性的;②气候模拟研究揭示出大气CO2浓度降低及与之联系的全球碳循环变化是导致这一转变的主因,否定了传统认为的环南极流形成导致E-O气候变冷的假说;③深海沉积记录揭示出这一转变过程持续400～500ka,表现为全球降温和南极冰盖形成先后两阶段变化;④海—陆气候记录的对比初步揭示出陆地区域的干旱化可能主要与全球降温(对应于E-O转变的第一阶段)相关.当前对E-O气候转变的研究还存在地质记录分辨率不够高、模拟结果与地质记录不完全吻合、陆地记录相对较少等方面的不足.更精确的大气CO2浓度和温度的重建、更多高分辨率海—陆气候记录的研究以及古气候数值模拟的改进有望进一步揭示出E-O转变过程中气候系统各要素的变化特征和相互关系,为更深入认识这一转变的驱动机制提供依据.  相似文献   

Role of permeability barriers in alluvial hydromorphic palaeosols: The Eocene Pondaung Formation,Myanmar     

Alexis Licht  Isabelle Cojan  Laurent Caner  Aung Naing Soe  Jean‐Jacques Jaeger  Christian France‐Lanord 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):362-382

This study examines the lateral distribution of hydromorphy in the fine‐grained alluvial deposits of the Eocene Pondaung Formation, central Myanmar. Through detailed outcrop analysis and using a combined sedimentological and pedological approach, this study proposes a reconstruction of Pondaung overbank floodplain palaeoenvironments. The variations of hydromorphic features in the different overbank sub‐environments are then discussed and used to build a model of hydromorphic variability in alluvial deposits. Two main architectural associations with distinctive lithofacies and pedogenic features were identified, corresponding to different sub‐environments: heterolithic deposits and extensive mudstone successions. The heterolithic deposits display variegated fine‐grained lithofacies and contain poorly developed palaeosols with gley and vertic features, which are interpreted to reflect a seasonal wetlands landscape, developed in actively aggrading avulsion belts. Extensive mudstone successions with Vertisols that locally exhibit mukkara‐style pseudogley features are interpreted to represent a distal open‐forested environment. The palaeosols of both sub‐environments display dense local hydromorphic variations they are also characterized by a gradual shift from gley‐dominated to pseudogley‐dominated features with increasing distance from the avulsion belt. The clay‐dominated lithology of the floodplain parent material, which forms numerous subsurface permeability barriers, is shown to have acted as a fundamental control in limiting water‐table dynamics in coarse‐grained parts of the succession, thereby favouring hydromorphic variability. Palaeosol sequences of the Pondaung Formation contrast with the soil‐landscape associations described in other studies and provide an alternative model with which to account for the hydromorphic variability in poorly drained, alluvial soils. The model proposed as an outcome of this study demonstrates that hydromorphic variations can be dramatic in floodplains where permeability barriers are numerous. Further, the model stresses the importance of undertaking detailed lateral palaeosol analyses prior to making interpretations regarding hydromorphic variability.  相似文献   

Architecture and depositional development of the Eocene deep‐marine Morillo and Coscojuela Formations,Aínsa Basin,Spain     

F. Pohl  T. McCANN 《Geological Journal》2014,49(3):221-238

The Aínsa Basin of northern Spain contains a deep‐marine succession comprising up to 24 sandstone bodies separated by thick marl‐rich units. A detailed analysis of nine outcrops (>900 m of sediment profiles) from the Morillo Formation of the San Vicente Group, from the upper part of the basin succession, has enabled a reappraisal of the unit. Within the Morillo Formation, sediment transport was to the NW, and a range of environments are recognized including channels, lobes and pelagic deposits. The overlying Coscojuela Formation, which partly cuts into the Morillo Formation, shows W‐directed palaeocurrents in its proximal reaches, with flows being deflected to the N along an adjacent slope. Destabilization of the adjacent carbonate platform resulted in a significant input of carbonate material into the flow. The final phases of sedimentation within the Aínsa Basin were more complex than previously suspected, probably as a result of a combination of factors, including tectonic activity, resulting in basin narrowing due to anticlinal growth, as well as encroachment and/or destabilization of the adjacent regional carbonate platforms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献