Chronology of the Pueblo Viejo epithermal gold–silver deposit,Dominican Republic: formation in an Early Cretaceous intra-oceanic island arc and burial under ophiolite     

Andreas G. Mueller  Gregory C. Hall  Alexander A. Nemchin  Darren O’Brien 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(8):873-889

The Pueblo Viejo deposit (production to 1996: 166 t Au, 760 t Ag) is located in the Dominican Republic on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola and ranks as one of the largest high-sulfidation/acid-sulfate epithermal deposits (reserves in 2007: 635 t Au, 3,648 t Ag). One of the advanced argillic ore bodies is cut by an inter-mineral andesite porphyry dike, which is altered to a retrograde chlorite–illite assemblage but overprinted by late-stage quartz–pyrite–sphalerite veins and associated low-grade Au, Ag, Zn, Cd, Hg, In, As, Se, and Te mineralization. The precise TIMS U–Pb age (109.6 ± 0.6 Ma) of the youngest zircon population in this dike confirms that the deposit is part of the Early Cretaceous Los Ranchos intra-oceanic island arc. Intrusion-related gold–sulfide mineralization took place during late andesite–dacite volcanism within a thick pile (>200 m) of carbonaceous sand- and siltstones deposited in a restricted marine basin. The high-level deposit was shielded from erosion after burial under a late Albian (109–100 Ma) ophiolite complex (8 km thick), which was in turn covered by the volcano-sedimentary successions (>4 km) of a Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary calc-akaline magmatic arc. Estimates of stratigraphic thickness and published alunite, illite, and feldspar K-Ar ages and closure temperatures (alunite 270 ± 20°C, illite 260 ± 30°C, K-feldspar 150°C) indicate a burial depth of about 12 km at 80 Ma. During peak burial metamorphism (300°C and 300 MPa), the alteration assemblage kaolinite + quartz in the deposit dehydrated to pyrophyllite. Temperature–time relations imply that the Los Ranchos terrane then cooled at a rate of 3–4°C/Ma during slow uplift and erosion.  相似文献   

新疆西天山吐拉苏火山岩盆地浅成低温热液-斑岩型金多金属成矿系统的形成与演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾雪祥  董连慧  彭义伟  王新利  袁鹏  朱炳玉 《岩石学报》2016,32(5):1283-1300

新疆西天山吐拉苏地区发育的与中酸性火山-次火山岩有关的浅成低温热液-斑岩型金多金属成矿系统,是在晚古生代北天山洋向南部伊犁-中天山板块之下俯冲消减的活动大陆边缘背景下形成的。赋矿的大哈拉军山组火山岩及相关的次火山岩形成于晚泥盆世-早石炭世,岩石总体显示钾质-高钾质、准铝质-过铝质的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性特征,其轻稀土富集、Eu负异常显著、大离子亲石元素富集和高场强元素亏损等,均显示出俯冲带岛弧岩浆作用的特点。阿希(低硫型)和京希-伊尔曼得(高硫型)浅成低温热液金矿床以及塔北、吐拉苏铅锌矿床,受大哈拉军山组火山岩中的断裂破碎带以及具高孔隙度和渗透率的岩性控制;塔吾尔别克斑岩型金矿化主要受斑岩体及火山岩中的断裂和裂隙系统控制,并很可能存在浅成低温热液型金矿化的套合或叠加。硫、铅、碳、氧同位素特征显示,成矿物质主要来自岩浆所分泌的热液和/或赋矿的火山-次火山岩。根据成矿系统形成后的保存和变化情况,认为在吐拉苏盆地内剥蚀程度较低的地区,浅成低温热液型金铅锌矿床具备良好的保存条件,同时在其深部还应注意寻找斑岩型或矽卡岩型铜金矿床。  相似文献   

西天山吐拉苏盆地塔吾尔别克金矿床成因探讨:来自同位素年代学和稳定同位素证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭义伟  顾雪祥  程文斌  邹存海  米登江  牛春良 《岩石学报》2016,32(5):1361-1378

塔吾尔别克金矿床是新疆西天山吐拉苏盆地浅成低温热液金矿集区中的重要金矿床之一,赋存于晚古生代的大哈拉军山组火山岩和花岗斑岩中。矿体多呈脉状-透镜状不连续产出,受近NS向和NNW向断裂及其交汇部位控制。本文对赋矿安山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得其加权平均年龄为367.1±3.2Ma,表明其喷发时代为晚泥盆世,代表了晚古生代北天山洋向哈萨克斯坦-伊犁板块俯冲消减背景下的岩浆产物。含金石英的氢、氧同位素组成表明,塔吾尔别克金矿床的成矿流体主要来源于大气降水;矿石中热液黄铁矿的δ34S值介于0.6‰~4.7‰之间,铅同位素组成与赋矿岩浆岩相似,指示成矿物质具有壳幔混合特征且以幔源为主,并很可能来自幔源的大哈拉军山组火山岩及其同时同源的花岗斑岩。另外,本文测得穿插矿体和赋矿安山岩的闪长细晶岩脉的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为315.2±3.5Ma,从而将塔吾尔别克金矿床的成矿时代限定在367~315Ma之间,推测矿床形成于晚泥盆世-早石炭世北天山洋向哈萨克斯坦-伊犁板块俯冲消减的陆缘弧环境中。综合矿床地质特征、稳定同位素组成和成矿时代,认为塔吾尔别克金矿床具有浅成低温热液型向斑岩型矿床过渡的性质。  相似文献   

Geology,geochronology and geochemistry of large Duobaoshan Cu-Mo-Au orefield in NE China: Magma genesis and regional tectonic implications     

Wen-yan Cai  Ke-yong Wang  Jian Li  Li-juan Fu  Chun-kit Lai  Han-lun Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(1):265-292

Duobaoshan is the largest porphyry-related Cu-Mo-Au orefield in northeastern(NE)Asia,and hosts a number of large-medium porphyry Cu(PCDs),epithermal Au and Fe-Cu skarn deposits.Formation ages of these deposits,from the oldest(Ordovician)to youngest(Jurassic),have spanned across over 300 Ma.No similar orefields of such size and geological complexity are found in NE Asia,which reflects its metallogenic uniqueness in forming and preserving porphyry-related deposits.In this study,we explore the actual number and timing of magmatic/mineralization phases,their respective magma genesis,fertility,and regional tectonic connection,together with the preservation of PCDs.We present new data on the magmatic/mineralization ages(LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb,pyrite and molybdenite Re-Os dating),whole-rock geochemistry,and zircon trace element compositions on four representative deposits in the Duobaoshan orefield,i.e.,Duobaoshan PCD,Tongshan PCD,Sankuanggou Fe-Cu skarn,and Zhengguang epithermal Au deposits,and compiled published ones from these and other mineral occurrences in the orefield.In terms of geochronology,we have newly summarized seven magmatic phases in the orefield:(1)Middle-Late Cambrian(506-491 Ma),(2)Early and Middle Ordovician(485-471 Ma and~462 Ma),(3)Late Ordovician(450-447 Ma),(4)Early Carboniferous and Late-Carboniferous to Early Permian(351-345 and 323-291 Ma),(5)Middle-Late Triassic(244-223 Ma),(6)Early-Middle and Late Jurassic(178-168 Ma and~150 Ma),and(7)Early Cretaceous(~112 Ma).Three of these seven major magmatic phases were coeval with ore formation,including(1)Early Ordovician(485-473 Ma)porphyry-type Cu-Mo-(Au),(2)Early-Middle Triassic(246-229 Ma)porphyry-related epithermal Au-(Cu-Mo),and(3)Early Jurassic(177-173 Ma)Fe-Cu skarn mineralization.Some deposits in the orefield,notably Tongshan and Zhengguang,were likely formed by more than one mineralization events.In terms of geochemistry,ore-causative granitoids in the orefield exhibit adakite-like or adakite-normal arc transitional signatures,but those forming the porphyry-/epithermal-type Cu-Mo-Au mineralization are largely confined to the former.The varying but high Sr/Y,Sm/Yb and La/Yb ratios suggest that the ore-forming magmas were mainly crustal sourced and formed at different depths(clinopyroxene-/amphibole-/garnet-stability fields).The adakite-like suites may have formed by partial melting of the thickened lower crust at 35-40 km(for the Early Ordovician arc)and>40 km(for the Middle-Late Triassic arc)depths.The Early Jurassic Fe-Cu skarn orecausative granitoids show an adakitic-normal arc transitional geochemical affinity.These granitoids were likely formed by partial melting of the juvenile lower crust(35-40 km depth),and subsequently modified by assimilation and fractional crystallization(AFC)processes.In light of the geological,geochronological and geochemical information,we proposed the following tectonometallogenic model for the Duobaoshan orefield.The Ordovician Duobaoshan may have been in a continental arc setting during the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean,and formed the porphyry-related deposits at Duobaoshan,Tongshan and Zhengguang.Subduction may have ceased in the latest Ordovician,and the regional tectonics passed into long subsidence and extension till the latest Carboniferous.This extensional tectonic regime and the Silurian terrestrial-shallow marine sedimentation had likely buried and preserved the Ordovician Duobaoshan magmatic-hydrothermal system.The south-dipping Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean subduction from north of the orefield had generated the Middle-Late Triassic continental arc magmatism and the associated Tongshan PCD and Zhengguang epithermal Au mineralization(which superimposed on the Ordovician PCD system).The Middle Jurassic closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean in the northwestern Amuria block(Erguna terrane),and the accompanying Siberia-Amuria collision,may have placed the Paleo-Pacific subduction system in NE China(including the orefield)under compression,and formed the granodiorite-tonalite and Fe-Cu skarn deposits at Sankuanggou and Xiaoduobaoshan.From the Middle Jurassic,the consecutive accretion of Paleo-Pacific arc terranes(e.g.,Sikhote-Alin and Nadanhada)onto the NE Asian continental margin may have gradually distant the Duobaoshan orefield from the subduction front,and consequently arc-type magmatism and the related mineralization faded.The minor Late Jurassic and Cretaceous unmineralized magmatism in the orefield may have triggered mainly by the far-field extension led by the post-collisional(Siberia-Amuria)gravitational collapse and/or Paleo-Pacific backarc-basin opening.  相似文献   

西藏多龙矿集区尕尔勤斑岩铜矿床年代学及地球化学——兼论硅帽的识别与可能的浅成低温热液矿床   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

张志  方向  唐菊兴  王勤  杨超  王艺云  丁帅  杨欢欢 《岩石学报》2017,33(2):476-494

尕尔勤斑岩铜矿床是多龙超大型铜金矿集区内具有较大找矿潜力的矿床之一。本文以尕尔勤斑岩铜矿区内成矿花岗闪长斑岩及新发现的硅帽为研究对象,进行了矿床年代学、地球化学及找矿方向研究工作。尕尔勤矿床花岗闪长斑岩SiO_2含量在60.01%~62.81%之间,K_2O含量在1.86%~2.16%之间,Al_2O_3含量在15.12%~16.51%之间,属于钙碱性岩石系列。斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为124.4±0.4Ma(MSWD=0.42,n=25),属于早白垩世侵位;锆石εHf(t)值主要集中于1.15~9.71之间,tDMc模式年龄主要集中于559~1105Ma之间,表明岩浆岩区起源于具有幔源特征的深成熔体,而个别负εHf(t)值(-18.65,-19.75)的出现表明其受到了古老成熟地壳的轻微混染。斑岩体稀土元素显示为重稀土亏损的右倾分布型式,在原始地幔标准化图解中微量元素显示为Rb、Th、U、Sr等大离子亲石元素相对富集,而Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Zr等高场强元素相对亏损特征,体现出岛弧岩浆特有的地球化学特征,综合研究表明矿床形成与班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲密切相关。硅帽中角砾状样品与层纹状(致密块状)样品地球化学特征具有明显区别,发育较少的层纹状硅帽样品可能为热水沉积与生物化学沉积共同作用形成的硅质岩,而大量存在的角砾状硅帽体现出明显热液充填交代成因特点,经地球化学剖面测量显示硅帽展布区域Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、As、Sb等成矿指示元素异常明显,结合高光谱矿物识别表明该区域存在浅成低温热液型矿床的巨大可能性,具有重要的勘查指示意义。  相似文献   

Genesis of the giant Zijinshan epithermal Cu-Au and Luoboling porphyry Cu–Mo deposits in the Zijinshan ore district,Fujian Province,SE China: A multi-isotope and trace element investigation     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Zijinshan ore district occurs as one of the largest porphyry-epithermal Cu–Au–Mo ore systems in South China, including the giant Zijinshan epithermal Cu–Au deposit and the large Luoboling porphyry Cu–Mo deposit. The mineralization is intimately related to Late Mesozoic large-scale tectono-magmatic and hydrothermal events. The Cu–Au–Mo mineralization occurs around intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks and hypabyssal porphyry intrusions. In this study, we summarize previously available Re–Os isotopes, zircon U–Pb age and trace elements, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data, and present new Pb–S and Re–Os isotope data and zircon trace elements data for ore-related granitoids from the Zijinshan high-sulfidation epithermal Cu–Au deposit and the Luoboling porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, in an attempt to explore the relationship between the two ore systems for a better understanding of their geneses. The ore-bearing porphyritic dacite from the Zijinshan deposit shows a zircon U-Pb age of 108–106 Ma and has higher zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios (92–1568, average 609) but lower Ti-in-zircon temperatures (588–753 °C, average 666 °C) when compared with the barren intrusions in the Zijinshan ore district. Relative to the Zijinshan porphyritic dacite, the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry from the Luoboling deposit show a slightly younger zircon U–Pb age of 103 Ma, but has similar or even higher zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios (213–2621, average 786) and similar Ti-in-zircon temperatures (595–752 °C, average 675 °C). These data suggest that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks crystallized from relatively oxidized and hydrous magmas. Combined with the high rhenium contents (78.6–451 ppm) of molybdenites, the Pb and S isotopic compositions of magmatic feldspars and sulfides suggest that the porphyry and ore-forming materials in the Luoboling Cu–Mo deposit mainly originated from an enriched mantle source. In contrast, the ore-bearing porphyritic dacite in the Zijinshan Cu–Au deposit might be derived from crustal materials mixing with the Cathaysia enriched mantle. The fact that the Zijinshan Cu–Au deposit and the Luoboling Cu–Mo deposit show different origin of ore-forming materials and slightly different metallogenic timing indicates that these two deposits may have been formed from two separate magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Crustal materials might provide the dominant Cu and Au in the Zijinshan epithermal deposit. Cu and Au show vertical zoning and different fertility because the gold transports at low oxygen fugacity and precipitates during the decreasing of temperature, pressure and changing of pH conditions. It is suggested that there is a large Cu–Mo potential for the deeper part of the Zijinshan epithermal Cu–Au deposit, where further deep drilling and exploration are encouraged.  相似文献   

The first discovery of Xinlong epithermal gold deposit in southern margin of the Bangonghu-Nujiang metallogenic belt: A new expansion of gold prospecting in Northern Tibet     

《China Geology》2023,6(2):241-251

The Xinlong gold deposit is located in Niyma County, Naqu area of Tibet and was discovered by the Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences through the 1∶50000 mineral geological survey. The ore bodies occur in the Zenong Group volcanic rocks in the middle section of the central Lhasa subterrane and are structurally controlled by the NNW-striking faults. Four ore bodies have been found, exhibiting cloddy, dense-sparse, disseminated, and breccia structures. The ore minerals are mainly tetrahedrite group minerals, and other ore minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, nevskite, bornite, anglesite, native gold, and silver-gold bearing selenide, etc. The types of alteration are dominated by silicification, as well as middle- and high-graded argillization. The alteration mineral assemblages contain quzrtz, pyrophyllite, and kaolinite. The Zaliela Formation volcanic rocks of Zenong Group are silicified by later hydrothermal fluid with vuggy quartz in some fractured zones. The middle- and high-graded argillization are characterized by pyrophyllitization and kaolinization. The Xinlong gold deposit shows great metallogenetic potentiality and has been revealed by 1∶10000 geological mapping, IP sounding, and trial trenching in the mining area. Combined with the regional metallogenic geological setting, we suppose that a potential epithermal gold belt probably exists in the middle of the Lhasa terrane. The discovery of the Xinlong gold deposit opens a new chapter for the gold prospecting in Northern Tibet.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

黑龙江多宝山矿田争光金矿床类型、U-Pb年代学及古火山机构   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

宋国学  秦克章  王乐  郭继海  李真真  佟匡胤  邹心宇  李光明 《岩石学报》2015,31(8):2402-2416

争光金矿床(伴生锌)位于我国东北地区黑龙江省多宝山Cu-Au-Mo成矿带南东端,构造上处于古亚洲成矿构造域和滨太平洋成矿构造域的叠加部位。该金矿距北西向的多宝山铜金矿和铜山铜矿分别约为10km和5km,因此,深入研究其成矿时代、成因类型归属,理清与多宝山铜金矿-铜山铜矿的关系具有重要科学价值。争光金矿赋矿围岩为奥陶系多宝山组安山质火山岩地层,发育爆发相、溢流相、火山碎屑流相、火山沉积相等,且爆发相和喷溢相交替出现,具有喷发时期熔岩溢流与火山碎屑物的喷发交替进行或具多旋回火山活动的特征;根据火山集块岩、火山角砾岩、火山碎屑岩的空间展布及岩相变化特征,推测矿区内发育有古火山机构。受后期北西向构造影响,火山岩地层具北西向弱定向变形特征。含金脉系呈脉状、网脉状沿北西向、北东向及南北向构造产出;矿石矿物以黄铁矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿为主,金以裂隙金、粒间金和包裹金的形式赋存于上述硫化物中,部分赋存在石英中。综合脉系特征、矿物组合、蚀变类型、闪锌矿Fe含量等,本文明确提出该矿床为中硫型浅成低温热液型金矿。对矿区内发育的成矿后闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩及长石斑岩等脉岩的锆石U-Pb测年结果初步厘定争光金矿金成矿作用早于454Ma。综合判断争光金矿与多宝山含金斑岩铜矿、铜山铜矿同形成于480~454Ma受古亚洲洋俯冲作用控制的岛弧背景,构成完整的斑岩Cu-Au与中硫化型浅成低温热液Au成矿系统。  相似文献   

黑龙江争光金锌矿地质特征、矿床成因及找矿潜力   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

佟匡胤 《地质与勘探》2015,51(3):507-518

黑龙江争光金锌矿床位于我国北方重要的多宝山-铜山斑岩型铜、金、钼成矿带的南东端,构造上处于古亚洲成矿构造域和滨太平洋成矿构造域的叠加部位.矿床赋存于奥陶系多宝山组安山岩、安山质凝灰岩中;金锌矿体主要以裂隙充填脉状产出,矿物组合为石英+黄铁矿+闪锌矿+黄铜矿+方铅矿±碳酸盐矿物;围岩蚀变有硅化、青磐岩化、绢云母化、伊利石化等,青磐岩化大面积发育于矿体外围的火山岩中.通过对争光金锌矿床赋矿围岩、控矿构造、矿体产状、主成矿温度、流体包裹体等多方面对比研究,认为该矿床成因属于浅成低温热液型,成矿时代为燕山晚期.同时,对矿区地球物理和地质特征的研究显示,总体上矿区东部、北东部及Ⅱ号带倾向深部均具有进一步扩大找矿的潜力;根据火山-次火山环状构造活动特征,结合区内矿体实际分布规律,在Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ号矿带组成的外环状带,以Ⅱ号矿带为中心放射状分布的内环带之间过渡区域内,以及在外环带内走向交汇部位,均为构造活动强烈区域,具有进一步勘查找矿潜力.  相似文献   

Epithermal mineralization controlled by synextensional magmatism in the Guazapares Mining District of the Sierra Madre Occidental silicic large igneous province,Mexico     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2015

We show here that epithermal mineralization in the Guazapares Mining District is closely related to extensional deformation and magmatism during the mid-Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up of the Sierra Madre Occidental silicic large igneous province, Mexico. Three Late Oligocene–Early Miocene synextensional formations are identified by detailed volcanic lithofacies mapping in the study area: (1) ca. 27.5 Ma Parajes formation, composed of silicic outflow ignimbrite sheets; (2) ca. 27–24.5 Ma Témoris formation, consisting primarily of locally erupted mafic-intermediate composition lavas and interbedded fluvial and debris flow deposits; (3) ca. 24.5–23 Ma Sierra Guazapares formation, composed of silicic vent to proximal ignimbrites, lavas, subvolcanic intrusions, and volcaniclastic deposits. Epithermal low-to intermediate-sulfidation, gold–silver–lead–zinc vein and breccia mineralization appears to be associated with emplacement of Sierra Guazapares formation rhyolite plugs and is favored where pre-to-synvolcanic extensional structures are in close association with these hypabyssal intrusions.Several resource areas in the Guazapares Mining District are located along the easternmost strands of the Guazapares Fault Zone, a NNW-trending normal fault system that hosts most of the epithermal mineralization in the mining district. This study describes the geology that underlies three of these areas, which are, from north to south: (1) The Monte Cristo resource area, which is underlain primarily by Sierra Guazapares formation rhyolite dome collapse breccia, lapilli-tuffs, and fluvially reworked tuffs that interfinger with lacustrine sedimentary rocks in a synvolcanic half-graben bounded by the Sangre de Cristo Fault. Deposition in the hanging wall of this half-graben was concurrent with the development of a rhyolite lava dome-hypabyssal intrusion complex in the footwall; mineralization is concentrated in the high-silica rhyolite intrusions in the footwall and along the syndepositional fault and adjacent hanging wall graben fill. (2) The San Antonio resource area, underlain by interstratified mafic-intermediate lavas and fluvial sandstone of the Témoris formation, faulted and tilted by two en echelon NW-trending normal faults with opposing dip-directions. Mineralization occurs along subvertical structures in the accommodation zone between these faults. There are no silicic intrusions at the surface within the San Antonio resource area, but they outcrop ∼0.5 km to the east, where they are intruded along the La Palmera Fault, and are located ∼120 m-depth in the subsurface. (3) The La Unión resource area, which is underlain by mineralized andesite lavas and lapilli-tuffs of the Témoris Formation. Adjacent to the La Unión resource area is Cerro Salitrera, one of the largest silicic intrusions in the area. The plug that forms Cerro Salitrera was intruded along the La Palmera Fault, and was not recognized as an intrusion prior to our work.We show here that epithermal mineralization is Late Oligocene to Miocene-age and hosted in extensional structures, younger than Laramide (Cretaceous-Eocene) ages of mineralization inferred from unpublished mining reports for the region. We further infer that mineralization was directly related to the emplacement of silicic intrusions of the Sierra Guazapares formation, when the mid-Cenozoic ignimbrite flare-up of the Sierra Madre Occidental swept westward into the study area about 24.5–23 Ma ago.  相似文献