Long-term coastal erosion assessment along the coast of Karnataka,west coast of India     

K.Sowmya  M.Dhivya Sri  Aparna S.Bhaskar  K.S.Jayappa 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(4):335-344

Coastal areas are always under frequent threat from various natural processes and man-induced activities. Coastal erosion is recognized as the permanent loss of land along the shoreline resulting in the transformation of the coast. The current study focuses on long-term coastal erosion analysis of the entire Karnataka coast using Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS), Linear Regression Rate (LRR), and End Point Rate (EPR) techniques. Analysis of 26 (1990 to 2016) years of erosion using Landsat images by the use of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool has been done. The results show a high erosion rate at Ullal during this period (LRR -1.3m/yr) and accretion at Devbagh (LRR 3.2 m/yr). The southern Karnataka coast faces severe erosion especially at Ullal, where the settlement is high. At Thanirbhavi, Mukka, Kota, and Om Beaches erosion also is noticed. Both anthropogenic activities like ports, seawalls, breakwaters, etc. and natural processes like long shore drift, seasonal variation, etc. are factors affecting the shoreline change along the Karnataka coast.  相似文献   

Gully erosion processes,disciplinary fragmentation,and technological innovation     

Sean J. Bennett  Robert R. Wells 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):46-53

The development and evolution of gullies on soil-mantled hillslopes can devastate agricultural regions and cause widespread soil and landscape degradation. Since 2000, international symposia have been organized to address gully erosion processes, and this paper and special issue provide additional context for the 7th International Symposium on Gully Erosion held at Purdue University in 2016. Several important themes of gully erosion emerged during this symposium that warranted additional discussion here. These topics include the importance and impact of technology transfer, disciplinary fragmentation as an impediment for research advancement, the difficulty in defining the erodibility of sediment within gullies, and the opportunities afforded by remote sensing technology. It is envisioned that such symposia will continue to enhance the capabilities of researchers and practitioners to monitor, model, and manage these important geomorphic processes and to mitigate landscape degradation. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000211   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moncef Bouaziz  Mathias Leidig  Richard Gloaguen 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(2):237-245

Arid and semi-arid regions are susceptible to high levels of erosion.A rapid and cost effective methodological erosion assessment for these regions is required to describe and monitor the processes that control erosion.This study uses remote sensing to describe the contribution of several factors that control erosion.Topography,land use,vegetation density,soil properties and climatic proxies are used to determine erosion risk and to provide basic maps of water and soil conservation practices. A hierarchi...  相似文献   

Vegetation effects on sediment connectivity and processes in an ephemeral channel in SE Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.J. Sandercock 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(3):239-254

High sediment delivery due to catchment and channel erosion can impact on waterway health and reservoir sedimentation. Methods that decrease sediment connectivity within the system are needed to address these potential impacts. Vegetation has the potential to decrease channel erosion and sediment transfers in dryland environments by increasing channel bed resistance and roughness. Detailed studies of vegetation and process interactions were undertaken within an ephemeral channel in SE Spain at three scales (channel network, reach and patch) by repeat surveys and mapping after floods. Connectivity mapping showed variations in vegetation type and density along the channel and that these influence sediment retention and channel erosion. Hydraulic calculations of vegetation roughness effects at 25 cross-sections down the channel indicate the influence of different vegetation type and characteristics. Particular attention was paid to the perennial grass Lygeum spartum because of its potential benefits in channel stabilisation. Sedimentation takes place within these reaches, mainly by trapping within and downstream of individual plants. Check dams have a profound influence on vegetation and sediment distribution in this channel but use of vegetated zones may be a more sustainable strategy of sediment control.  相似文献   

严重威胁可持续发展的土壤退化问题   总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21  

陈杰  檀满枝  陈晶中  龚子同 《地球科学进展》2002,17(5):720-728

土壤退化已成为严重的全球性环境问题之一，全球共有20亿hm 2的土壤资源受到土壤退化的影响，即全球农田、草场、森林与林地总面积大约22%的土壤发生了不同程度的退化。土壤侵蚀、化学退化、物理退化是全球范围内最主要的退化形式。土壤退化是人类活动诱导和加速的一种自然过程，其中最主要的人为驱动因素为农业土壤不适当的利用与管理、森林破坏以及过度放牧等。土壤退化的直接后果是导致土壤生产力的大幅度下降，在过去50年中，由于土壤退化而导致的全球农业产量下降幅度为11.9%～13.4%。此外，土壤退化还造成如河流与湖泊淤积、土壤有机碳储量变化、特殊生境消失以及生物多样性减少等其它环境与生态问题，对人类的生存与可持续发展形成极大威胁。因此，为了确保粮食安全与维护生态环境健康，全球在不同尺度、不同水平上防治土壤退化、修复与重建退化土壤，切实有效地实施土壤资源可持续利用战略已经成为公众关注的重要议题。  相似文献   

云南鹤庆北衙铁金矿区矿坑涌水量预测     

杨寿梅 《云南地质》2012,(3):386-390

北衙金矿区是以溶蚀裂隙岩溶含水层为主的矿床,大部份矿体位于当地侵蚀基准面1694米(W123泉)以下,水文地质勘探的程度为以溶蚀裂隙含水层充水为主的复杂类型,标高1734米以上为简单类型。以抽水试验取得成果,介绍矿区矿坑涌水量预测采用的主要预测方法。通过矿山后续排水疏干的实际情况,对预测的方法和矿坑涌水量进行论证。  相似文献   

Geografi som universitetsfag,faglig sammensetning og organisasjon     

HANS SOLERøD 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):7-12

Solerød, Hans: Geografi som universitetsfag, faglig sammensetning og organisasjon. Geografisk Tidsskrift 83: 7–12. Copenhagen, June 1, 1983.

Geograhy as a science in Norway: Research and University training as well as the application of geography in the community. 1982.  相似文献   

Access to the coast and erosion control: use of wastes on local engineering works in the coast of Gaza City     

M. R. Al-Agha 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):405-410

 Investment in the coastal resources of Gaza City is vital to various developmental issues and projects. Access to the coast and coastal erosion represent two major geo-environmental problems to the city. This paper describes local engineering works developed by the municipality and local people to overcome such problems. A cliff of calcareous sandstone – Kurkar as it is locally known – (up to 18 m high), is located at a distance of 20–50 m from the water–land contact. People who need to reach the beach must cross this Kurkar cliff. The engineering works used to facilitate access to the beach are: old automobile tires, white waste skeletons (refrigerators) and construction waste, where long stairs were designed using these materials. Meanwhile the engineering works which were used as erosion control measures include: rock gabions, concrete wastes, construction waste, concrete walls and shallow excavations. Such practices are commonly used in third world countries and are characterized by inexpensive transportation and implementation costs. The performance of these methods was evaluated from an economic, environmental and safety point of view. Suggestions were made to improve the performance of these practices in the future. Received: 18 November 1998 · Accepted: 15 February 1999  相似文献   

Predicting stream channel erosion in the lacustrine core of the upper Nemadji River, Minnesota (USA) using stream geomorphology metrics     

Joseph A. Magner  Kenneth N. Brooks 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(7):1423-1434

The USA Clean Water Act requires the development of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) when Minnesota’s water quality standard for turbidity is exceeded; however, regions underlain with fine-grained lacustrine deposits yield large natural background loads of suspended inorganic sediment. A review of hydrogeologic pathways was conducted along with the statistical analysis of geomorphic metrics, collected at 15 sites with varying drainage areas in the upper Nemadji River basin, northeastern Minnesota. Regression analysis indicated a strong linkage between bankfull cross-sectional area and drainage area. Dimensionless geomorphic metric ratios were developed to predict channel evolution potential and associated channel erosion risk. Sites located in drainage areas less than 2 km² had low erosion risk and showed a correlation between channel slope and relative roughness (D ₈₄/mean bankfull channel depth, 88%). A principal components analysis explained over 98% of the variance between sites and indicated five important channel shape metrics to predict channel erosion: bankfull width, bankfull depth, maximum depth, cross-sectional area, and valley beltwidth. Mass wasting of cohesive stream channel sediment was influenced by groundwater discharge and produced turbid waters in the upper Nemadji River.  相似文献   

A study of erosion rates on salt diapir surfaces in the Zagros Mountains, SE Iran     

J. Bruthans  N. Asadi  M. Filippi  Z. Vilhelm  M. Zare 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):1079-1089

Salt exposures and weathering residuum on several salt diapirs in different geographic/climatic settings were studied. Anhydrite, gypsum, hematite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, and clay minerals are the main constituents of the weathering residuum covering the salt diapirs in various thicknesses. Erosion rates of residuum as well as of rock salt exposures were measured at selected sites for a period of 5 years by plastic pegs as benchmarks. Recorded data were standardized to a horizontal surface and to long-term mean precipitation. For the rock salt exposures the following long-term denudation rates were determined of 30–40 mm a⁻¹ for coastal diapirs and up to 120 mm a⁻¹ for mountain salt diapirs. Long-term mean superficial denudation rate measured on weathering residuum of low thickness reached 3.5 mm a⁻¹ on coastal diapirs. The total denudation rate estimated for the thin residuum is close to 4–7 mm a⁻¹ based on apparent correlation with the uplift rate on Hormoz and Namakdan diapirs. Denudation of rock salt exposures is much faster compared to parts of diapirs covered by weathering residuum. The extent of salt exposures is an important factor in the morphological evolution of salt diapirs as it can inhibit further expansion of the diapir. Salt exposures produce huge amounts of dissolved and clastic load, thus affecting the surrounding of the diapir.  相似文献