绍兴鉴湖水域环境功能区区划   总被引：47，自引：6，他引：41  

邵定远  黄文钰 《湖泊科学》1998,10(1):85-89

研究了２５Ｃ条件上太湖北部湖区水－沉积界面的物质交换．结果表明：五里湖沉积物中的氮,磷和ＣＯＤmn的释放程度明显高于梅梁湖,其ＮＨ４＋－Ｎ、ＤＴＰ和ＤＣＯＤ的平均溶出速率分别人１５８．２,２．０５和２７．８mg／（m2.d）;梅梁湖北部湖区形态氮处于“负释放”状态,ＤＴＰ和ＤＣＯＤ溶出速率分别为０．５８４mg／（m2.d）和８．９mg／（m2.d）,此外,形态氮,磷和ＤＣＯＤＲ的水－沉积物界面物质交换量与底泥中氮,总  相似文献   

太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化——1.铵态氮释放速率的空间差异及源-汇通量   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

范成新  张路  秦伯强  胡维平  高光  王建军 《湖泊科学》2004,16(1):11-21

采集柱状芯样,室内静态模拟不同温度下太湖沉积物铵态氮释放.结果表明,经面积加权,5℃、15℃和25℃下氮的交换速率分别为-16.0±17.6mg/穴m2·d雪、12.6±6.9mg/穴m2·d雪和34.1±20.8mg/穴m2·d雪,不同湖区其释放速率差异极大.受外源污染影响较大的水域,氮释放量随温度的升高而增加;受死亡残体沉降和分解影响明显的草藻型湖区,氮的年释放通量较大.全太湖沉积物-水界面NH4 -N的年净通量为9960.3±4960.0t,其中成汇的通量值约为-911±637.9t/a,大部分泥区在一年中至少经过了一次的源-汇转换过程.  相似文献   

纤维状硅灰石/聚丙烯复合材料界面性能研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李珍  姚书振  沈上越  陈红余 《矿物岩石》2005,25(3):67-70

以未改性纤维状硅灰石粉、硬脂酸改性纤维状硅灰石粉与聚丙烯混炼制成聚丙烯复合材料。利用平衡接触角仪间接测得聚丙烯基体和矿物粉体的表面自由能。计算出纤维状硅灰石／聚丙烯界面的粘附功Wa和界面张力γSL等热力学参数。分析探讨了聚丙烯及矿物粉体表面特性、纤维状硅灰石／聚丙烯界面行为与复合材料力学性能的关系。结果表明：复合两相界面的粘附功Wa和界面张力γSL,共同作用影响复合材料的强度。界面粘附功Wa大,说明两相结合牢固．则复合材料强度大;界面张力γSL小。则粉体在基体中的分散性能好,有利于增加两相间总的接触面积,使复合材料强度增大。研究复合两相的界面行为．找出粘附功Wa和界面张力γSL间的最佳组合。将有助于设计出性能优良的复合材料。为合理地选择和改性填料提供科学依据。  相似文献   

寒区黏土与结构接触面冻结强度特性试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈拓  赵光思  赵涛 《地震工程学报》2018,40(3):512-518

寒区土与结构接触面冻结强度可以视为是与土性、温度、含水量、界面粗糙度、法向压力等诸多因素直接相关的复杂函数形式,并直接影响到上部结构的承载能力及稳定性。以青藏高原黏土与不同粗糙度的钢板结构接触面为研究对象,通过不同含水率、不同温度及不同法向压力下冻结黏土与钢板结构接触面的直剪正交试验,研究土与结构接触面冻结强度的影响因素及影响程度大小,并对冻结强度的变化规律进行初步分析和探讨。研究结果表明含水量对抗剪强度的影响最大,在不同影响因素共同作用下,界面抗剪强度最小值为0.13 MPa,最大值为0.45 MPa。界面抗剪强度随含水量的增加、温度的升高而明显降低,随界面法向压力和粗糙度的增大呈明显增大趋势。界面强度基本可通过摩尔-库仑准则,利用界面的黏聚力和内摩擦角进行表示,并在文中给出了界面强度的参考值。  相似文献   

地震模拟系统的人机交互设计          下载免费PDF全文

莫璐宇 《地震工程学报》2019,41(1):245-250

当前的地震模拟系统存在用户指令传达不及时、系统反馈不准确的问题,针对这些问题,提出一种改进的地震模拟系统人机交互设计方法,构建地震模拟系统的整体交互流程。通过设计4×4按键电路、LCD接口电路,完成键盘与显示器之间的数据传输、用户指令的传递;同时引入虚拟现实技术设计人机交互的脚本、代码。实验结果表明,所设计的地震模拟系统人机交互模式的稳定性高达98.9%,准确率高达99.6%,能够有效实现地震模拟的人机交互。  相似文献   

倾斜界面中反射波走时计算     

张淑珍  周扬  秦满忠  高鹏 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(1):36-42

对于平层界面和倾斜界面的反射地震波,基于射线理论,采用波动方程进行数值模拟;使用Matlab软件,编写2种界面不同倾角、不同震中距时反射地震波走时程序,绘制走时曲线,分析地震波的传播特点,为研究地震波在地球内部的传播路径提供参考。  相似文献   

AN INTERFACE MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF DISCONTINUITIES     

Z. MROZ  G. GIAMBANCO 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1996,20(1):1-33

An interface constitutive model is presented accounting for slip and sliding effects and also for dilatancy phenomena. The microslip effects are described by considering spherical asperity interaction with variation of contact area and generation of progressive or reverse slip zones. The incremental constitutive equations are derived with proper memory rules accounting for generation and annihilation of particular slip zones during the process of variable loading. It is further assumed that sliding of spherical contacts occurs along large asperities whose slope varies due to the wear process. The predicted shear and dilatancy curves are shown to provide close quantitative simulation of available experimental data. The strain ratchetting effect for non-symmetric cyclic loading was exhibited using the asperity wear model. The model presented could be applied to simulate rock joints, masonry, or concrete cracked interfaces, under monotonic and cyclic loading.  相似文献   

Statistical Investigation on Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Wind Variation Based on ACE Observations     

GUO Xiao-cheng  JIANG Wence  LI Hui 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(2):147-161

Based on the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and plasma observations from ACE spacecraft, the relation between GCR counts and solar wind parameters during the two periods of solar minimums (the years of 2007.0-2009.0 and 2016.5-2019.0) was analyzed by means of the Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) method. The results indicate that GCRs are strongly modulated by Co-rotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) in solar wind, the Stream Interfaces (SIs) sandwiched between fast and slow solar wind are closely related with the depression of GCR counts. The mechanism of the GCR variation was investigated through the empirical diffusion coefficients. The so-called “snow-plough” effect of GCR variation prior to the SI crossing appears during the first period, then the GCR counts decrease after the crossing, which corresponds to the sudden drop of diffusion coefficient at the SI. However, this effect is not observed for the second period, the decrease of GCR counts may be caused by the enhancement of the diffusion coefficient after the SI crossing. Moreover, Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) correlates with GCR counts well, the GCRs drift along the current sheet, and then accumulate to a pileup structure. The interplay between drift and diffusion determines the GCR distribution and variation at a heliocentric distance of 1 AU.  相似文献   

Regional patterns of postwildfire streamflow response in the Western United States: The importance of scale‐specific connectivity          下载免费PDF全文

Dennis W. Hallema  Ge Sun  Kevin D. Bladon  Steven P. Norman  Peter V. Caldwell  Yongqiang Liu  Steven G. McNulty 《水文研究》2017,31(14):2582-2598

Wildfires can impact streamflow by modifying net precipitation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, snowmelt, and hillslope run‐off pathways. Regional differences in fire trends and postwildfire streamflow responses across the conterminous United States have spurred concerns about the impact on streamflow in forests that serve as water resource areas. This is notably the case for the Western United States, where fire activity and burn severity have increased in conjunction with climate change and increased forest density due to human fire suppression. In this review, we discuss the effects of wildfire on hydrological processes with a special focus on regional differences in postwildfire streamflow responses in forests. Postwildfire peak flows and annual water yields are generally higher in regions with a Mediterranean or semi‐arid climate (Southern California and the Southwest) compared to the highlands (Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest), where fire‐induced changes in hydraulic connectivity along the hillslope results in the delivery of more water, more rapidly to streams. No clear streamflow response patterns have been identified in the humid subtropical Southeastern United States, where most fires are prescribed fires with a low burn severity, and more research is needed in that region. Improved assessment of postwildfire streamflow relies on quantitative spatial knowledge of landscape variables such as prestorm soil moisture, burn severity and correlations with soil surface sealing, water repellency, and ash deposition. The latest studies furthermore emphasize that understanding the effects of hydrological processes on postwildfire dynamic hydraulic connectivity, notably at the hillslope and watershed scales, and the relationship between overlapping disturbances including those other than wildfire is necessary for the development of risk assessment tools.  相似文献   

A linear constitutive model for unsaturated poroelasticity by micromechanical analysis     

Alexander H.D. Cheng 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(4):455-483

This paper extends the Biot theory of poroelasticity from the saturated to unsaturated case. The Biot phenomenological model uses parameters that are easily observable, such as the deformation of porous frame, total stress, pore pressure, and fluid specific discharge. Such model is preferred for engineering applications. At this macroscopic level, the extension of Biot theory from saturated to unsaturated is straightforward. The constitutive constants, however, are combined properties of solid, pore space, and fluids. In the unsaturated case, the constants are functions of the degree of saturation. Their measurements and tabulation over a range of saturation is generally not feasible for practical applications. In this work, a Biot-Willis type analysis is performed for the unsaturated case to provide a theory that the bulk material constants can be evaluated using laboratory measurable micromechanical constants under saturated condition, plus a capillary pressure curve (saturation versus suction pressure) typically available for unsaturated porous medium, without the need of measurement at each state of saturation. In particular, it is demonstrated that the surface energy contained in the meniscus interface manifests as a “capillary modulus,” given by the negative inverse slope of the capillary pressure curve. A rigorous analysis based on the thermodynamic variational energy approach is also conducted to lend theoretical support to the phenomenological approach. The presented model can bring a closure to the practical engineering modeling of the deformation of partially saturated porous medium that lacks the information of material constants over the range of saturation.  相似文献