华南右江复合盆地的沉积构造演化   总被引：82，自引：1，他引：82       下载免费PDF全文

曾允孚  李孝全 《地质学报》1995,69(2):113-124

位于华南板块南缘的右江盆地的轮廓和内部结构，与ＮＷ向及ＮＥ向同沉积断裂关系密切。它的发展可分为两个不同的阶段。海西构造阶段，由于牢山一红河洋盆开裂，右江地区出现若干平行分布的ＮＷ向裂陷带，沉积物以深水相为主，盆地具有大陆被动边缘裂谷系特点。东吴运动后开始的印支阶段，由于滨太平陆被动边缘裂谷系特点。东吴运动后开始的印支阶段，由于滨太平洋构造的作用，盆地轮廓和结构发生了较大的改变，与此同时开始的牢山洋  相似文献   

Evolution of Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Youjiang Composite Basin, South China   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Zeng Yunfu  Liu Wenjun  Cheng Hongde  Zheng Rongcai  Zhang Jinquan Chengdu Institute of Technology  Chengdu  SichuanLi Xiaoquan  Jiang Tingcao Regional Geological Survey Party of Guangxi  Guilin  Guangxi Jiang M inxi 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(4):358-371

Located at the southern margin of the South China plate, the Youjiang basin is a closely related to the NW- and NE-trending syndepositional faults in respect to the configuration and structure of the basin. The evolution of the Youjiang basin progressed through two stages. In the Hercynian period, the opening of the Ailaoshan-Honghe ocean basin gave rise to a number of NW-trending rift belts in the Youjiang area. During this period, deep-water sediments were dominant and the basin was possesed of the characteristics of the rift system of passive continental margins. In the early Indosinian after the Dongwu movement, the circum - Pacific tectonism led to a major change in the configuration and structure of the basin. In the meantime, the Ailaoshan ocean basin began to be subducted towards the northeast, thus causing the basin to be split and expand again, and then the basin developed into the stage of the back -arc basin. At the end of the Indosinian period, the basin gradually closed from east to west,  相似文献   

Accordant Summit Levels (ASLs) and Their Tectonic Deformation in the Denudational Areas of the North China Rift Zone     

Cheng Shaoping  Yang GuizhiInstitute of Geology  SSB  Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1995,(3)

The North China rift zone,including the North China Plain rift zone and the middle Shanxi graben-rift zone,is a continental rift;geomorphologically,its most common and important characteristics are the multiple accordant summit levels (ASLs) in the denudational area.In this study three methods based on geomorphic analysis,that is,(1) unified topographic profiles,(2) cyclic knickpoints along longitudinal river profiles,and (3) depth contours of river downcutting,are used to identify the ASLs and analyze their tectonic deformation.The formation time of the ASLs is determined by geological and geomorphological evidence,the correlation with the sedimentary facies in the Plain rift zone,and K-Ar ages of basalts on the ASLs,indicating the rates of tectonic uplift.The North China rift zone has five ASLs,of which the highest and oldest ASL I is the remnant of a fossil peneplain formed before rifting and the other four lower and younger ones are pediplain-typed formed contemporaneously with rifting.Study of ASLs  相似文献   

Development of the 1990 Kalapana Flow Field,Kilauea Volcano,Hawaii     

Tari N. Mattox  Christina Heliker  Jim Kauahikaua  Ken Hon 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1993,55(6):407-413

The 1990 Kalapana flow field is a complex patchwork of tube-fed pahoehoe flows erupted from the Kupaianaha vent at a low effusion rate (approximately 3.5 m³/s). These flows accumulated over an 11-month period on the coastal plain of Kilauea Volcano, where the pre-eruption slope angle was less than 2°. the composite field thickened by the addition of new flows to its surface, as well as by inflation of these flows and flows emplaced earlier. Two major flow types were identified during the development of the flow field: large primary flows and smaller breakouts that extruded from inflated primary flows. Primary flows advanced more quickly and covered new land at a much higher rate than breakouts. The cumulative area covered by breakouts exceeded that of primary flows, although breakouts frequently covered areas already buried by recent flows. Lava tubes established within primary flows were longer-lived than those formed within breakouts and were often reoccupied by lava after a brief hiatus in supply; tubes within breakouts were never reoccupied once the supply was interrupted. During intervals of steady supply from the vent, the daily areal coverage by lava in Kalapana was constant, whereas the forward advance of the flows was sporadic. This implies that planimetric area, rather than flow length, provides the best indicator of effusion rate for pahoehoe flow fields that form on lowangle slopes.  相似文献   

超大型金属矿床研究现状和某些进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程小久  翟裕生 《地质科技情报》1993,12(4):75-80

介绍了近年来超大型金属矿床理论研究现状,探讨了超大型铜、铅、锌、金和铂族等有色贵金属矿床的成矿构造背景,认为该类超大型矿床产出的主要全球构造背景为板块俯冲带和大陆裂谷,并论述了不同构造背景中超大型矿床的成因类型、矿床特征、控矿构造和矿床空间展布规律以及裂谷构造垂向分带和不同地史时期裂谷与超大型矿床的关系,对当前研究工作中一些问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

山西裂谷系的深部地球物理探测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白来旺  侯廷爱 《华北地震科学》1994,12(3):27-35

综述了山西裂谷系近年来通过重力、工程爆破及测震、大地电磁测深、航磁资料反演、深地震测深等研究该地区地壳与上地幔结构的结果与进展。文中还提出了在本区继续开展地壳与上地幔细结构研究的任务与设想。  相似文献   

Volcán Ecuador,Galapágos Islands: erosion as a possible mechanism for the generation of steep-sided basaltic volcanoes     

Scott K. Rowland  Duncan C. Munro  Victor Perez-Oviedo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1994,56(4):271-283

Volcán Ecuador (0°02′S, 91°35′W) consists of two strongly contrasting components: the eroded and vegetated remnant of a once-circular main volcano with a probable caldera, and a prominent rift zone extending to the northeast that is neither strongly eroded nor weathered. There are about 20 young-looking flows and vents on this caldera floor but only one on the higher remnant of the main volcano. The southwest half of the main volcano is faulted into the ocean. The main part of Volcán Ecuador possesses steep erosional slopes (average 30–40°) that cut into a sequence of flows that dip radially outward at <10°. In contrast, the northeast rift zone consists entirely of young flows and vents. The upper 10 km of the rift zone forms a peninsula about 7.5 km wide that connects Volcán Ecuador to Volcán Wolf. The rift zone bends to the southeast and the lower 8 km is tangential to the coast of Volcán Wolf. The rift zone axis dips away from the northeast edge of the main volcano, and its flanks slope roughly northwest and southeast at <4°. The rift zone is the Galápagos structure that most closely resembles a Hawaiian rift zone because it is constructed of lavas from subparallel linear vents, shows evidence of a deep feeder conduit, and has changed its direction to avoid a direct intersection with neighboring Volcán Wolf. The steep erosional slopes extending around the perimeter of the main volcano (except to the southwest where slumping occurred) were probably generated by marine erosion during a prolonged period of eruptive inactivity (perhaps 20 000–30 000 years). Only a few post-erosional eruptions have taken place at the main volcano in and near what was once the caldera. The entire rift zone postdates the period of prolonged erosion. Using the evidence for prolonged inactivity at Volcán Ecuador, we propose that erosion may have helped to produce steep slopes on the other western Galápagos volcanoes. On these more active volcanoes, however, numerous subsequent eruptions have completely mantled the erosional slopes with lava. The mechanism by which the volcanoes may shut off for long periods of time is unknown, but the fact that the Galápagos hotspot is presently supplying nine active volcanoes suggests that the magma supply at an individual volcano could vary greatly over periods of (tens of?) thousands of years.  相似文献   

大型陆相盆地层序地层学研究──以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例   总被引：73，自引：3，他引：73  

李思田  林畅松 《地学前缘》1995,2(4):133-136,148

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国最重要的含煤及含油气盆地之一。中生代盆地充填序列可按古构造运动面划分为五个构造层序（ＴＳ－１～ＴＳ－５），分别与盆地构造演化的阶段性相当。受秦岭带中三叠世末期造山运动的影响，盆地西南缘形成了晚三叠世的前渊，不整合于其上的保罗系属于继承性盆地充填，延安组正属于这一阶段的相对稳定期。已发现其上、下界面均为不连续面，并都发现有深切谷，因此延安组恰好是一个三级层序。其内部可进一步划分８～１１个四级层序。延安期层序内部体系域的演化有三分性，但不宜套用源于海相地层的体系域命名。本文就此问题进行了探讨和命名。鄂尔多斯盆地层序地层研究的成果已被有效地用于富煤单元预测、油气储层分析，并在古大陆暴露面优质高岭土矿床的发现和追索中起了重要作用。  相似文献   

泥石流沟谷演化的不等时距灰色预测^*   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

蒋忠信 《地理研究》1994,13(3):53-59

泥石流沟谷纵剖面形态系表征泥石流发育的综合地形指标.本文以利子依达沟为例,用不等时距GM(1,1)预测沟谷纵剖面形态指数N值的变化,并改进了预测模型的精度.  相似文献   

Early evolution and transformation of organic matter in the active continental Jordan Rift Valley     

Amos Bein 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)

A sequence of alternating lacustrine marls, peat and basalts was penetrated in the Notera-3 well in the northern part of the Jordan Rift, Israel. The 2781 m thick sequence, ranges from Upper Miocene to Recent, reflects high sedimentation rate in the active continental rift associated with the Dead Sea Transform. The deep burial and the relatively high geothermal gradient (40°C km⁻¹) compensate for the short time span so that coalification expressed by vitrinite reflectance consistently increases with depth, from about 0.32% Ro at 1040 m to 0.48% Ro at 2495 m.Analysis of the peat reveals that the O/C, S/C and δ¹³C of the humic acids (HA) and the heavy to light normal alkane ratios are the only parameters sensitive enough to express this slight maturation increase with depth. A sharp δ¹³C change from about − 18‰ prevailing in the uppermost meters to an average of − 27.5‰ at 15 m and deeper reflects a change in the higher plant source of the peat (from C4 to C3 plants) rather than an early diagenetic modification.The δ¹³C, O/C, S/C and N/C ratios are usually lower in the kerogens than in the corresponding HA. The decrease in the δ¹³C and the O/C ratios are explained by elimination of oxygen-containing functional groups during transformation and by polymerization effects. The gradual decrease in the ¹²C and the O/C of the HA with depth are attributed to decarboxylation coupled with kinetic effects. The N/C depletion during the transformation from HA to kerogens probably results from the breakdown of amino acids. The S/C ratio which decreases both during this transformation and also with maturation is most readily explained by the breakdown of ester sulfate-containing groups such as sulfated polysaccarids, which formed diagenetically during the humification process.  相似文献