新疆西部地应力测量在隧道工程中的应用   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  

马秀敏  彭华  李金锁 《地质力学学报》2005,11(4):386-393

随着西部地区建设的投资力度逐年加大,地应力测量与研究工作越来越显得重要.通过在新疆西部拟建精伊霍铁路北天山越岭隧道(最大埋深约1100m)工程区进行的水压致裂地应力测量,获得了北天山地区应力场的主应力值及其方向.本文根据地应力测量结果,对工程区应力场的应力状态进行了研究,分析了隧道围岩的稳定性和地质灾害发生的可能性.   相似文献   

辽宁省地质环境监测网点控制程度浅析     

赵连才  张威  杨静  张金萍  李鹏  金速 《地质与资源》2005,14(1):61-62,77

根据辽宁省地质、水文地质、地貌单元特征,结合国民经济建设及现代科技发展进程,辽宁省地质环境监测网点的布设从以地下水环境监测为主,逐步向地质灾害监测方向扩展,监测内容从单一的地下水监测扩展到地质灾害监测.为了满足可持续发展的需要,应随时调整完善全省地质环境监测网点,以国内外最新发展的3S技术为依托,以监测采集的数据为主要信息来源,进行实时环境监测、分析,实现环境监测自动化.  相似文献   

1979-2018年间山东半岛沿海台风浪危险性分布的数值模拟研究     

王宁  侯一筠  李水清  莫冬雪  刘泽  李健 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):861-868

台风浪灾害在山东半岛沿海时常发生，对人类生命财产和基础设施构成很大威胁，因此，对山东半岛海域台风浪的危险性分析具有重要的现实意义。本研究使用ADCIRC+SWAN耦合数值模式采用Holland模型风场与NCEP再分析风场组合的风场驱动，对1979—2018年36次台风过境期间的海浪过程进行了模拟。以台风过境时最大有效波高及历时频数作为危险性评价指标，给出了山东半岛近岸台风浪强度等级分布、历时频数分布以及危险性指数分布。研究结果显示，山东半岛北部为台风浪低危险区，台风浪强度等级低且历时短；南部二级强度（有效波高范围为1.3—2.5m）以上台风浪发生较为频繁，危险性高于北部；东部台风浪强度可以达到四级（有效波高4m以上），危险性最高。  相似文献   

Effectiveness of flood damage mitigation measures: Empirical evidence from French flood disasters     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Recent destructive flood events and projected increases in flood risks as a result of climate change in many regions around the world demonstrate the importance of improving flood risk management. Flood-proofing of buildings is often advocated as an effective strategy for limiting damage caused by floods. However, few empirical studies have estimated the damage that can be avoided by implementing such flood damage mitigation measures. This study estimates potential damage savings and the cost-effectiveness of specific flood damage mitigation measures that were implemented by households during major flood events in France. For this purpose, data about flood damage experienced and household flood preparedness were collected using a survey of 885 French households in three flood-prone regions that face different flood hazards. Four main conclusions can be drawn from this study. First, using regression analysis results in improved estimates of the effectiveness of mitigation measures than methods used by earlier studies that compare mean damage suffered between households who have, and who have not, taken these measures. Second, this study has provided empirical insights showing that some mitigation measures can substantially reduce damage during floods. Third, the effectiveness of the mitigation measures is very regional dependent, which can be explained by the different characteristics of the flood hazard in our sample areas that experience either slow onset river flooding or more rapid flash and coastal flooding. Fourth, the cost-efficiency of the flood damage mitigation measures depends strongly on the flood probability faced by households.  相似文献   

利用Mapgis软件将等值线逆向数值化的方法     

罗立红  邵兴 《城市地质》2015,(2):79-82

应用Mapgis软件处理无基础数据的地质图件时,存在后期使用困难、精度不高、绘图速度慢的问题。本文总结一套有效的方法,将图形文件,转成数据文件,便于后期数据分析利用,以地质灾害危险性评估工作中要求提供的5年平均沉降速率图为例,对等值线逆向数值化进行演示。  相似文献   

山洪泥石流预警系统建设研究     

孙文伟 《地下水》2015,(1):118-120

丘陵地区植被较差,堆积物比较松散,遇有异常暴雨过程,容易形成山洪泥石流,产生自然灾害,造成人员财产损失。分析国内外有关建设最新成果,对丘陵地区开展山洪泥石流预警系统建设工作进行研究,利用现有科学技术,规划设计分析预警工作的方法、步骤、流程、结果,为丘陵地区防洪体系建设提供科学合理的建设模型。  相似文献   

大理岩溶地区某引水隧洞涌突水预测研究     

汪亚莉  许模  韩晓磊  宋海波  朱海明 《地下水》2015,(3)

在岩溶发育的地区存在一种非典型的岩溶形式—裸露-埋藏型岩溶,由于其特殊的存在形式,裸露-埋藏型岩溶存在的特殊水力联系使得隧道在穿越该种地区时,会发生不可预测的涌突水灾害。以大理某引水隧洞为例,通过分析常用预测涌突水量计算方法的适用性,得出地下水动力学法对隧道在穿越裸露-埋藏型岩溶时的涌突水量预测较其他方法更加适用,为隧道设计和施工提供依据。  相似文献   

Quantifying weather conditions for rock fall hazard management     

Renato Macciotta  C. Derek Martin  Tom Edwards  David M. Cruden  Tim Keegan 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(3):171-186

Relationships between weather conditions and rock fall occurrences have been acknowledged in the past, but seldom have such relationships been quantified and published. Rock falls are frequent hazards along transportation corridors through mountainous terrain, and predicting hazardous rock fall periods based on weather conditions can enhance mitigation approaches. We investigate the relationship between weather conditions and rock fall occurrences along a railway section through the Canadian Cordillera. Monthly weather-rock fall trends suggest that the seasonal variation in rock fall frequency is associated with cycles of freezing and thawing during the winter months. The intensity of precipitation and freeze–thaw cycles for different time-windows was then compared against recorded rock falls on a case-by-case approach. We found that periods when 90% of rock falls occurred could be predicted by the 3-day antecedent precipitation and freeze–thaw cycles. Some rock falls not predicted by this 3-day antecedent approach occurred during the first two weeks of spring thaw. These findings are used to propose a rock fall hazard chart, based on readily available weather data, to aid railway operators in their decision-making regarding safe operations.  相似文献   

川滇地区主要活动断裂运动特征及地震危险性分析     

田晓  郑洪艳  李腊月  张超 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(6):561-567

利用1980~2019年跨断层形变资料,基于断层三维运动模型和改进的灰色关联度方法研究川滇地区主要活动断裂的运动特征及地震危险性。结果表明：1）鲜水河断裂带总体呈左旋拉张运动,并具有明显的分段差异性运动特征;则木河断裂带具有正-逆断阶段性变化特征;滇南和滇西北主要表现为拉张运动。2）断层三维累积活动量与改进的灰色关联度综合指标对断裂附近6级以上地震均具有明显的震前异常及震后趋势转折变化,可能与断裂附近强震孕育-发生、同震及震后调整等影响有关。3）通过分析跨断层综合指标可知,川滇地区需重点关注鲜水河断裂带南东段、则木河断裂带及滇南地区。  相似文献   

基于复合情景的上海台风风暴潮灾害危险性模拟及其空间应对   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

宋城城  李梦雅  王军  许世远  陈振楼 《地理科学进展》2014,33(12)

综合考虑海平面上升、陆域和海域地形变化、海塘沉降等因素,本文以上海历史上引发强风暴潮的热带气旋TC5612、TC8114和TC0012为基础,构建了12种复合灾害情景,利用MIKE21 FM模型模拟分析了不同情景下台风风暴潮对上海造成的漫滩淹没影响.结果表明:以2010年为模拟基准年份,由于上海地区有高标准的海塘防护,发生风暴潮漫堤淹没的概率极低;但随着时间情景的改变,各情景要素强度加大,漫滩淹没危险性逐渐增大;在2040年的复合灾害情景中,以正面登陆类热带气旋造成的影响为最大,局部区域淹没深度可达3.0m以上,全市25.23％的海塘和防汛墙存在漫堤危险,漫堤淹没危险区的面积可达到909.53 km2.在此基础上开展了应急避难模拟及避难场所优化研究,进而针对性地提出了保护城市水源涵养区、开挖城市蓄水空间、提高部分海塘设防水平、加强城市排涝系统建设和优化城市应急避难场所布局等空间应对方案.研究成果给上海新一轮“城市安全与综合防灾规划”提供了科学依据.  相似文献