植被覆盖度遥感估算研究进展   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

贾坤  姚云军  魏香琴  高帅  江波  赵祥 《地球科学进展》2013,28(7):774-782

植被覆盖度是刻画地表植被覆盖的重要参数,在全球变化研究、地表过程模拟和水文生态模型中发挥着重要作用.遥感能够反映不同空间尺度的植被覆盖信息及其变化趋势,是获取区域及全球植被覆盖度参数的一个重要手段.综合分析了用于植被覆盖度估算的遥感数据源,包括高光谱数据、多光谱数据、微波数据和激光雷达数据.而且分析了各种常用的植被覆盖度遥感估算方法及其优缺点,并评价了现有基于遥感数据的植被覆盖度产品及存在问题.最后,针对目前研究中存在的问题,讨论了植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的发展趋势,指出高时空分辨率长时间序列的全球植被覆盖度数据集、多源遥感数据融合和同化技术是未来植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的主要方向.  相似文献   

Origin of high Sr/Y magmas from the northern Taihang Mountains: Implications for Mesozoic porphyry copper mineralization in the North China Craton     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

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Petrogenesis of the Sabongari alkaline complex,cameroon line (central Africa): Preliminary petrological and geochemical constraints     

《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2013

The petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemical features of the Sabongari alkaline complex are presented and discussed in this paper with the aim of constraining its petrogenesis and comparing it with other alkaline complexes of the Cameroon Line. The complex is mainly made up of felsic rocks: (i) granites predominate and include pyroxene–amphibole (the most abundant), amphibole–biotite, biotite and pyroxene types; (ii) syenites are subordinate and comprise amphibole–pyroxene and amphibole–biotite quartz syenites; (iii) pyroxene–amphibole–biotite trachyte and (iv) relatively abundant rhyolite. The minor basic and intermediate terms associated with felsic rocks consist of basanites, microdiorite and monzodioites. Two groups of pyroxene bearing rocks are distinguished: a basanite–trachyte–granite (Group 1) bimodal series (SiO₂ gap: 44 and 63 wt.%) and a basanite–microdiorite–monzodiorite–syenite–granite (Group 2) less pronounced bimodal series (reduced SiO₂ gap: 56–67 wt.%). Both are metaluminous to peralkaline whereas felsic rocks bare of pyroxene (Group 3) are metaluminous to peraluminous. The Group 1 basanite is SiO₂-undersaturated (modal analcite in the groundmass and 11.04 wt.% normative nepheline); its Ni (240 ppm) and Cr (450 ppm) contents, near mantle values, indicate its most primitive character. The Group 2 basanite is rather slightly SiO₂-saturated (1.56 wt.% normative hypersthene), a marker of its high crustal contamination (low Nb/Y-high Rb/Y). The La/Yb and Gd/Yb values of both basanites (1: 19.47 and 2.92; 2: 9.09 and 2.23) suggest their common parental magma composition, and their crystallization through two episodes of partial melting (2% and 3% respectively) of a lherzolite mantle source with <4% residual garnet. The effects of crustal contamination were selectively felt in the values of HFSE/LREE, LREE/LILE and LREE/HFSE ratios, known as indicators. Similar features have been recently obtained in the felsic lavas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line.  相似文献   

Effects of melt fractional crystallization on Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotope systems: a case study of Triassic migmatite in the Sulu UHP terrane     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):783-800

The Weihai migmatite in the Sulu ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, eastern China, underwent partial melting in the Late Triassic during its exhumation. The primary partial melts experienced a decompressional fractional crystallization (DFC) process to produce plagioclase (Pl)-rich leucosome crystallized under eclogite to granulite facies conditions and K-feldspar (Kfs)-rich pegmatitic veins crystallized under amphibolite-facies conditions. In this study, our results demonstrate that the DFC process can cause decoupling between whole-rock Sr and Nd isotopes. The Pl-rich leucosome has ε_Nd(t) values (–10.4 to ?15.0) and initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratios (0.708173–0.712476) very similar to those of the melanosome, but the Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins have homogeneous ε_Nd(t) values (?14.8 to ?15.2) and significantly high initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratios (0.713882–0.716284). Our results also suggest that the DFC process can change zircon ¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf isotopic ratios, with no effect on ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios or ε_Hf (t) values. Zircon ¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios increase dramatically from the Pl-rich leucosome to the Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins, but zircon ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (Pl-rich leucosomes = 0.282330 ± 0.000017; Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins = 0.282321 ± 0.000026) and ε_Hf (t) values (Pl-rich leucosomes = ?10.9 ± 0.6; Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins = ?11.6 ± 0.8) remain almost unchanged. We propose that the isotopic decoupling between the Pl-rich leucosome and Kfs-rich pegmatitic vein might be caused by melt fractional crystallization occurring too rapidly to allow complete equilibrium between them.  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous coeval acidic and basic magmatism,Karacaali Magmatic Complex,Central Anatolia,Turkey     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1697-1720

The Central Anatolia Crystalline Complex (CACC) is characterized by Late Cretaceous high-temperature metamorphic rocks intruded by S-, I-, and A-type granitoids. Coeval basic plutonic and volcanic rocks also crop out in the complex. The NE–SW-trending Karacaali Magmatic Complex (KMC) represents a clear example of synchronous basic and acidic magmatic associations. We present new data on this coeval magmatism. The KMC plutonic rocks mainly consist of monzonite, granite, and gabbro, whereas the associated volcanic rocks are chiefly of basalt and rhyolite. All of the units have been cut by quartz, quartz-tourmaline, and calcite veins and by porphyritic leucogranite, aplitic, and basaltic dikes. The rhyolitic, basaltic, and gabbroic samples yield well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of 69.1 ± 1.3, 58 ± 10, and 66.4 ± 1 million years, respectively; these data indicate that a younger multiphase basic magma was injected into a partially crystallized monzonitic magma chamber. The basic intrusions added heat to the system and gave rise to the re-fusion of the already crystallized parts of the monzonitic melt, forming the younger leucogranitic magma. The gradational contacts, cross-cutting relationships, trace element contents, trace element patterns, rare-earth element (REE) patterns, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological data of the studied igneous suite clearly demonstrate that the acidic and basic rocks of the KMC were contemporaneous and are produced by partial melting of distinct sources rather than by fractional crystallization of a single source.  相似文献   

新疆东天山镁铁-超镁铁岩体中橄榄石成分特征及其成因意义:以黄山东和图拉尔根为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘艳荣  吕新彪  梅微  惠卫东 《地球化学》2012,(1):78-88

新疆东天山发育有十多个与铜镍硫化物成矿有关的镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体,对选取于黄山东和图拉尔根岩体岩体内不同岩性中的新鲜橄榄石进行了矿物化学成分测试。黄山东岩体角闪辉长岩相的橄榄角闪辉长岩中橄榄石Fo为67～73,超镁铁岩相的角闪(斜长)橄榄岩、角闪二辉橄榄岩和斜长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo为81～84,Ni含量为308～1762μg/g;图拉尔根岩体中橄榄石Fo为82～85,Ni含量变化范围为857～1818μg/g。利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到黄山东岩体母岩浆MgO为10.3%,图拉尔根岩体母岩浆MgO为11.47%。橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟结果显示,黄山东岩体发生了19%的橄榄石分离结晶,由橄榄石分离结晶导致硫化物熔离的程度约为0.3%,晶间硫化物熔浆的物质交换作用对黄山东橄榄石的成分有重要影响;图拉尔根岩体发生了9%左右的橄榄石结晶,由橄榄石结晶导致出熔的硫化物熔体大约为0.5%。  相似文献   

Origin of galena and sphalerite mineralization in the Koru Volcanics,Biga Peninsula,Turkey: insights from MELTS modelling and SUPCRT calculations     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):830-841

Seismic and gravity data have disclosed correlations between the structure of the major folded belts with the surface of the basaltic layer and the Moho. The major structural elements of the Greater Caucasus province are reviewed, though with all too generalized maps for reference. These structures are reviewed in the light of their evolution in three stages: the first ending in the Medial-Late Jurassic, the second ending in the Middle Paleogene, and the third occupying the Oligocene-Neogene-Quaternary periods. A major synclinorium and anticlinorium of long duration are postulated. The granite layer is summarized in an isopachous map. This is correlated with a contour map of the Moho. Inheritances of earlier geosynclinal cycles (Hercynian). The primary geosyncline is related to planetary rifts. The thickest part of the crust is centered on the meganticlinorium in the Alpine structures of the Caucasus. Formation of folds, foredeeps, and folding after sedimentation is related to development of the granite layer during continental evolution. Deep-seated piercement of the granite into the cover in the axial portion is indicated. The observable seismicity is also correlated with evolution of the granite layer.--B. N. Cooper.  相似文献   

新疆坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石成分特征及其成因意义     

刘艳荣  吕新彪  梅微  代玉才 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(3):249-256

橄榄石的矿物化学成分可以很好的反映母岩浆成分、岩浆分异结晶及硫化物熔离作用等信息.坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石电子探针成分分析表明:橄榄石均为贵橄榄石,其化学成分与寄主岩石类型密切相关,其中橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石的Fo值在74～81之间,橄长岩或橄榄单斜辉石岩中橄榄石Fo=75～82.7,异剥橄榄岩或橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为83.6～86.3,暗示橄榄岩结晶早于橄榄辉长岩.橄榄石Ni含量变化范围为(174～2281)×10-6.利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到坡北岩体母岩浆MgO=14.38％,为高镁玄武岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示:坡北岩体主要发生了～25％的橄榄石分离结晶,在橄榄石结晶程度为2％～4％的过程中,发生过硫化物熔离作用,但熔离程度较低(～0.2％).总体来看,该区成矿远景不佳.  相似文献   

A Certain Class of Laplace Transforms with Applications to Reaction and Reaction-Diffusion Equations     

A. M. Mathai  R. K. Saxena  H. J. Haubold 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,305(3):283-288

A class of Laplace transforms is examined to show that particular cases of this class are associated with production-destruction and reaction-diffusion problems in physics, study of differences of independently distributed random variables and the concept of Laplacianness in statistics, α-Laplace and Mittag-Leffler stochastic processes, the concepts of infinite divisibility and geometric infinite divisibility problems in probability theory and certain fractional integrals and fractional derivatives. A number of applications are pointed out with special reference to solutions of fractional reaction and reaction-diffusion equations and their generalizations.  相似文献   

Effect of the Dead Sea–Red Sea canal modelling on the prediction of the Dead Sea conditions     

B. N. Asmar  Peter Ergenzinger 《水文研究》2003,17(8):1607-1621

A project to link the Dead Sea to the Red Sea via a canal is undergoing extensive study. In previous works, a generalized mathematical model describing the state of the Dead Sea and a simulation model to implement it have been developed. The model is extended to include the proposed canal project and investigates two alternative modelling canal scenarios: (1) introducing the canal water inflow into the bottom layer or (2) the top layer of the sea. The predicted general effects of the canal are the restoration of the water level of the sea to pre‐1970s level; an increase in the total evaporation rate and a decrease in the top layer salinity. Implementing scenario 1, the model predicts that: the water level of the Dead Sea will exceed the desired level design value and therefore shorter filling time can be used; seasonal stratification will persist; total evaporation rate will increase Modestly; there will a small decrease in the salinity of the top layer but a substantial decrease in the salinity of the bottom layer, which will hurt industries severely; there will be a continuation of seasonal crystallization of aragonite and gypsum. Implementing scenario 2 the model predicts that: the water level of the Dead Sea will be maintained at the desired level design value; stratification will be re‐established, with the formation of a permanent two‐layer system; there will be a substantial increase in the total evaporation rate; the salinity of the top layer will decrease significantly but there will be continuous slower salinity increase in the bottom layer; the crystallization of aragonite will cease, but seasonal gypsum crystallization can be expected to continue as soon as the filling period ends and the canal shifts into normal operation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献