云南金宝山含铂钯超镁铁质侵入体中铬铁矿的成因研究     

马言胜  陶琰  钟宏  王兴阵 《矿物学报》2007,27(3):342-350

位于扬子地台西缘的金宝山岩体赋存我国最大的独立铂族元素矿床，岩体为似层状产出的小型超镁铁岩，在时间和空间上与晚二叠纪（260Ma）峨眉山大火成岩省相关。该岩体由单辉橄榄岩、辉橄岩及橄辉岩、辉石岩异离体组成。铬铁矿以副矿物形式出现，从形态上可以分为三类：包嵌于橄榄石中的自形铬铁矿、以自形或半自形体存在于辉石中铬铁矿以及环绕结构铬铁矿。其中环绕结构铬铁矿外壁浑圆，内为棱角状，其中心为橄榄石、辉石。本文在薄片观察的基础上，结合电子探针研究，认为包嵌于橄榄石中的自形铬铁矿是在岩浆早期深部岩浆房中结晶形成的；存在于辉石中的铬铁矿则是岩浆进一步结晶演化的结果，主要为就地结晶的产物；在岩体形成的过程中，作为岩体赋存空间的堆晶相与后续岩浆持续反应，使铬铁矿不断聚集和生长，最终形成了环绕橄榄石晶体的形态。铬铁矿的生成模式进一步说明了金宝山侵入体为一岩浆通道，并且经历深部结晶分异演化。  相似文献   

The impact of boundary on the fractional advection–dispersion equation for solute transport in soil: Defining the fractional dispersive flux with the Caputo derivatives     

Xiaoxian Zhang  Mouchao Lv  John W. Crawford  Iain M. Young 《Advances in water resources》2007

The inherent heterogeneity of geological media often results in anomalous dispersion for solute transport through them, and how to model it has been an interest over the past few decades. One promising approach that has been increasingly used to simulate the anomalous transport in surface and subsurface water is the fractional advection–dispersion equation (FADE), derived as a special case of the more general continuous time random walk or the stochastic continuum model. In FADE, the dispersion is not local and the solutes have appreciable probability to move long distances, and thus reach the boundary faster than predicted by the classical advection–dispersion equation (ADE). How to deal with different boundaries associated with FADE and their consequent impact is an issue that has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper we address this by taking one-dimensional solute movement in soil columns as an example. We show that the commonly used FADE with its fractional derivatives defined by the Riemann–Liouville definition is problematic and could result in unphysical results for solute transport in bounded domains; a modified method with the fractional dispersive flux defined by the Caputo derivatives is presented to overcome this problem. A finite volume approach is given to numerically solve the modified FADE and its associated boundaries. With the numerical model, we analyse the inlet-boundary treatment in displacement experiments in soil columns, and find that, as in ADE, treating the inlet as a prescribed concentration boundary gives rise to mass-balance errors and such errors could be more significant in FADE because of its non-local dispersion. We also discuss a less-documented but important issue in hydrology: how to treat the upstream boundary in analysing the lateral movement of tracer in an aquifer when the tracer is injected as a pulse. It is shown that the use of an infinite domain, as commonly assumed in literature, leads to unphysical backward dispersion, which has a significant impact on data interpretation. To avoid this, the upstream boundary should be flux-prescribed and located at the upstream edge of the injecting point. We apply the model to simulate the movement of Cl⁻ in a tracer experiment conducted in a saturated hillslope, and analyse in details the significance of upstream-boundary treatments in parameter estimation.  相似文献   

植被覆盖度遥感估算研究进展   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

贾坤  姚云军  魏香琴  高帅  江波  赵祥 《地球科学进展》2013,28(7):774-782

植被覆盖度是刻画地表植被覆盖的重要参数,在全球变化研究、地表过程模拟和水文生态模型中发挥着重要作用.遥感能够反映不同空间尺度的植被覆盖信息及其变化趋势,是获取区域及全球植被覆盖度参数的一个重要手段.综合分析了用于植被覆盖度估算的遥感数据源,包括高光谱数据、多光谱数据、微波数据和激光雷达数据.而且分析了各种常用的植被覆盖度遥感估算方法及其优缺点,并评价了现有基于遥感数据的植被覆盖度产品及存在问题.最后,针对目前研究中存在的问题,讨论了植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的发展趋势,指出高时空分辨率长时间序列的全球植被覆盖度数据集、多源遥感数据融合和同化技术是未来植被覆盖度遥感估算研究的主要方向.  相似文献   

Origin of high Sr/Y magmas from the northern Taihang Mountains: Implications for Mesozoic porphyry copper mineralization in the North China Craton     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

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Petrogenesis of the Sabongari alkaline complex,cameroon line (central Africa): Preliminary petrological and geochemical constraints     

《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2013

The petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemical features of the Sabongari alkaline complex are presented and discussed in this paper with the aim of constraining its petrogenesis and comparing it with other alkaline complexes of the Cameroon Line. The complex is mainly made up of felsic rocks: (i) granites predominate and include pyroxene–amphibole (the most abundant), amphibole–biotite, biotite and pyroxene types; (ii) syenites are subordinate and comprise amphibole–pyroxene and amphibole–biotite quartz syenites; (iii) pyroxene–amphibole–biotite trachyte and (iv) relatively abundant rhyolite. The minor basic and intermediate terms associated with felsic rocks consist of basanites, microdiorite and monzodioites. Two groups of pyroxene bearing rocks are distinguished: a basanite–trachyte–granite (Group 1) bimodal series (SiO₂ gap: 44 and 63 wt.%) and a basanite–microdiorite–monzodiorite–syenite–granite (Group 2) less pronounced bimodal series (reduced SiO₂ gap: 56–67 wt.%). Both are metaluminous to peralkaline whereas felsic rocks bare of pyroxene (Group 3) are metaluminous to peraluminous. The Group 1 basanite is SiO₂-undersaturated (modal analcite in the groundmass and 11.04 wt.% normative nepheline); its Ni (240 ppm) and Cr (450 ppm) contents, near mantle values, indicate its most primitive character. The Group 2 basanite is rather slightly SiO₂-saturated (1.56 wt.% normative hypersthene), a marker of its high crustal contamination (low Nb/Y-high Rb/Y). The La/Yb and Gd/Yb values of both basanites (1: 19.47 and 2.92; 2: 9.09 and 2.23) suggest their common parental magma composition, and their crystallization through two episodes of partial melting (2% and 3% respectively) of a lherzolite mantle source with <4% residual garnet. The effects of crustal contamination were selectively felt in the values of HFSE/LREE, LREE/LILE and LREE/HFSE ratios, known as indicators. Similar features have been recently obtained in the felsic lavas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line.  相似文献   

阿尔泰可可托海3号脉花岗伟晶岩侵位机制、熔- 流体演化、稀有金属富集机理及待解之谜     

秦克章  周起凤  唐冬梅  王春龙  朱丽群 《地质学报》2021,95(10):3039-3053

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号脉以独特的实心礼帽形态、完美的同心环状结构分带和复杂的稀有金属矿化组合闻名于世,是我国最重要的稀有金属矿床之一.可可托海3号脉伟晶岩岩浆具有不均一性和高度演化特征.伟晶岩岩浆沿缓倾斜节理上侵,在周缘断裂的帮助下通过岩浆顶蚀形成实心礼帽形态.岩浆就位后经历了岩浆阶段、岩浆-热液阶段和热液阶段,分别伴随Be-Nb-Ta、Li-Be-Nb-Ta和Ta-Cs-Rb-Hf矿化.结晶分异作用和液相不混溶控制着3号脉的稀有金属富集和沉淀序列,流体交代可影响稀有金属再分配.外部带(Ⅰ～Ⅳ带)的强烈结晶分异过程和发生于Ⅳ带与Ⅴ带间的流体大规模出溶,有利于岩浆达到锂饱和浓度,开始锂的大规模沉淀.指出熔-流体演化过程的精细刻画、稀有金属成矿机理的进一步解析、岩浆成因的深入探讨、挥发分P、F、B、Li和CO2对稀有金属成矿的影响以及缓倾斜帽沿深部找矿为未来研究方向.  相似文献   

龙木错与结则茶卡盐湖卤水兑卤及蒸发析盐规律研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔玉虎  袁建军  杨美洁  沙作良 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(2):239-243

本文以西藏龙木错与结则茶卡为对象,研究了两盐湖卤水在不同兑卤比情况下,混合卤各组分的变化,并对兑卤后的混合卤水进行了15°C蒸发过程的研究。实验分别对两种原料卤水和兑卤后卤水蒸发所得的9个卤水样品进行了常量化学组分分析,研究了兑卤后卤水蒸发过程中盐类的富集行为和析出规律。混合卤蒸发析盐规律结果基本符合Na+、K+、Mg2+//Cl–、24SO?-H2O(15°C)五元水盐体系相图。  相似文献   

Effects of melt fractional crystallization on Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotope systems: a case study of Triassic migmatite in the Sulu UHP terrane     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):783-800

The Weihai migmatite in the Sulu ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, eastern China, underwent partial melting in the Late Triassic during its exhumation. The primary partial melts experienced a decompressional fractional crystallization (DFC) process to produce plagioclase (Pl)-rich leucosome crystallized under eclogite to granulite facies conditions and K-feldspar (Kfs)-rich pegmatitic veins crystallized under amphibolite-facies conditions. In this study, our results demonstrate that the DFC process can cause decoupling between whole-rock Sr and Nd isotopes. The Pl-rich leucosome has ε_Nd(t) values (–10.4 to ?15.0) and initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratios (0.708173–0.712476) very similar to those of the melanosome, but the Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins have homogeneous ε_Nd(t) values (?14.8 to ?15.2) and significantly high initial (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) ratios (0.713882–0.716284). Our results also suggest that the DFC process can change zircon ¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf isotopic ratios, with no effect on ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios or ε_Hf (t) values. Zircon ¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios increase dramatically from the Pl-rich leucosome to the Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins, but zircon ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios (Pl-rich leucosomes = 0.282330 ± 0.000017; Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins = 0.282321 ± 0.000026) and ε_Hf (t) values (Pl-rich leucosomes = ?10.9 ± 0.6; Kfs-rich pegmatitic veins = ?11.6 ± 0.8) remain almost unchanged. We propose that the isotopic decoupling between the Pl-rich leucosome and Kfs-rich pegmatitic vein might be caused by melt fractional crystallization occurring too rapidly to allow complete equilibrium between them.  相似文献   

新疆坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石成分特征及其成因意义     

刘艳荣  吕新彪  梅微  代玉才 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(3):249-256

橄榄石的矿物化学成分可以很好的反映母岩浆成分、岩浆分异结晶及硫化物熔离作用等信息.坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石电子探针成分分析表明:橄榄石均为贵橄榄石,其化学成分与寄主岩石类型密切相关,其中橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石的Fo值在74～81之间,橄长岩或橄榄单斜辉石岩中橄榄石Fo=75～82.7,异剥橄榄岩或橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为83.6～86.3,暗示橄榄岩结晶早于橄榄辉长岩.橄榄石Ni含量变化范围为(174～2281)×10-6.利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到坡北岩体母岩浆MgO=14.38％,为高镁玄武岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示:坡北岩体主要发生了～25％的橄榄石分离结晶,在橄榄石结晶程度为2％～4％的过程中,发生过硫化物熔离作用,但熔离程度较低(～0.2％).总体来看,该区成矿远景不佳.  相似文献   

Origin of galena and sphalerite mineralization in the Koru Volcanics,Biga Peninsula,Turkey: insights from MELTS modelling and SUPCRT calculations     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):830-841

Seismic and gravity data have disclosed correlations between the structure of the major folded belts with the surface of the basaltic layer and the Moho. The major structural elements of the Greater Caucasus province are reviewed, though with all too generalized maps for reference. These structures are reviewed in the light of their evolution in three stages: the first ending in the Medial-Late Jurassic, the second ending in the Middle Paleogene, and the third occupying the Oligocene-Neogene-Quaternary periods. A major synclinorium and anticlinorium of long duration are postulated. The granite layer is summarized in an isopachous map. This is correlated with a contour map of the Moho. Inheritances of earlier geosynclinal cycles (Hercynian). The primary geosyncline is related to planetary rifts. The thickest part of the crust is centered on the meganticlinorium in the Alpine structures of the Caucasus. Formation of folds, foredeeps, and folding after sedimentation is related to development of the granite layer during continental evolution. Deep-seated piercement of the granite into the cover in the axial portion is indicated. The observable seismicity is also correlated with evolution of the granite layer.--B. N. Cooper.  相似文献