From the geological to the numerical model in the analysis of gravity-induced slope deformations: An example from the Central Apennines (Italy)     

A. Maffei  S. Martino  A. Prestininzi 《Engineering Geology》2005,78(3-4):215-236

This paper presents the findings from a study on gravity-induced slope deformations along the northern slope of Mt. Nuria (Rieti-Italy). The slope extends from the village of Pendenza to the San Vittorino plain and hosts the Peschiera River springs, i.e. the most important springs of the Central Apennines (average discharge: about 18 m³/s).

Detailed geological-geomorphological and geomechanical surveys, supported by a site stress-strain monitoring system and laboratory tests, led us to define the main evolutionary features of the studied phenomena. Based on the collected data, a “geological-evolutionary model” was developed with a view to identifying a spatio-temporal correlation between relief forms, jointing of the rock mass and its stress conditions. The geological-evolutionary model was expected to improve numerical simulations and to test our assumptions.

The numerical model also allowed us to simulate changes in the stress-strain conditions of the rock mass and correlate them with jointing, seepage, as well as with site-detected and site-monitored forms and deformations. In particular, significant relations between seepage, tensile stresses within the rock mass, karst solution and collapse of cavities were identified.  相似文献   

地质遗迹旅游的可持续发展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高亚峰 《城市地质》2005,17(2):30-33

从介绍地质遗迹及地质遗迹旅游的概念入手，着重就新时期地质遗迹旅游可持续发展的问题，提出了两种思路和相应的策略。  相似文献   

Apport de l'imagerie satellitaire radar pour l'exploration géologique en zones arides     

Nicolas Baghdadi  Gilles Grandjean  Didier Lahondère  Philippe Paillou  Yannick Lasne 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(8):719-728

The potential of radar imagery in geological exploration was investigated at a study site in Mauritania (Akjoujt region). Compared with optical images, the results obtained show how radar imagery can help not only in detecting surface geological structures such as dykes and veins, but also mapping subsurface structures beneath a shallow layer of sand (palaeochannels). The mapping potential was found to be much better at long wavelengths than at short ones (L-band, compared with C- and X-band). As for optical images, their contribution is much more limited in the mapping of surface geological structures, and inappropriate for detecting subsurface structures. We conclude that spatial remote sensing enables the improvement of existing geological maps and the optimization of cartographic surveying. To cite this article: N. Baghdadi et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

The topology of geology 2: Topological uncertainty     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in geology, and efforts to characterise and communicate it are becoming increasingly important. Recent studies have quantified differences between perturbed geological models to gain insight into uncertainty. We build on this approach by quantifying differences in topology, a property that describes geological relationships in a model, introducing the concept of topological uncertainty. Data defining implicit geological models were perturbed to simulate data uncertainties, and the amount of topological variation in the resulting model suite measured to provide probabilistic assessments of specific topological hypotheses, sources of topological uncertainty and the classification of possible model realisations based on their topology. Overall, topology was found to be highly sensitive to small variations in model construction parameters in realistic models, with almost all of the several thousand realisations defining distinct topologies. In particular, uncertainty related to faults and unconformities was found to have profound topological implications. Finally, possible uses of topology as a geodiversity metric and validation filter are discussed, and methods of incorporating topological uncertainty into physical models are suggested.  相似文献   

云海撞击盆地的恢复及其地质演化研究     

籍进柱  刘建忠  郭弟均  刘敬稳  王庆龙  张莉 《岩石学报》2016,32(1):127-134

研究月海撞击盆地,尤其是古老的月海撞击盆地,有助于深入认识月球乃至太阳系中两种动力学即内动力和外动力地质作用的演化过程,也是研究月球早期演化和现今状态的重要纽带。云海撞击盆地为古老的撞击盆地之一,形成于前酒海纪,在后期的内外动力地质作用下,盆地有很大程度的改造。为了恢复云海撞击盆地原貌,深入认识该地区的地质演化过程,本文利用了LRO宽角相机影像数据、LOLA地形数据和GRAIL重力数据等多种类型的遥感数据,开展了云海撞击盆地演化的研究。结果显示,云海盆地是由一次撞击事件形成,具中央隆起的三环结构的撞击盆地,三环直径分别约为740km、500km、340km,盆地中心约为16°W,21°S。云海撞击盆地事件破坏了该地区原始月壳结构,随后岩浆喷出或溢流充填在撞击盆地中形成云海,塑造了现今观察到的云海地形特征和重力异常特征。  相似文献   

宁波市地下空间开发利用地质环境制约因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴炳华  蔡国成  潘小青  陈沈健 《城市地质》2016,(4)

地质环境条件是制约地下空间开发利用的最基本因素,只有正确认识地下空间开发对地质环境的影响,才能避免地下空间利用中产生的各种不利后果。基于对宁波市地质环境背景条件的认识,分别从水文地质条件、工程地质条件和环境地质问题等三个方面,研究了地下空间开发利用的影响因素。研究结果表明,水文地质条件的制约因素有孔隙潜水位埋深、含水层厚度、岩土层透水性能和基坑突涌可能性等;工程地质条件的制约因素有软土厚度、人工填土厚度、土质均匀性和地层组合等;主要环境地质问题为地面沉降和浅层天然气影响等。通过本次研究,为宁波市地下空间开发利用地质环境适宜性评价奠定了基础,为宁波市地下空间的合理开发利用提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

宁波市地下空间开发利用地质环境适宜性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵团芝  侯艳声  胡新锋 《城市地质》2016,(4):88-93

随着城市化建设快速推进,地下空间资源开发是解决城市土地资源紧张的合理途径,而地质环境适宜性评价对地下空间的开发利用具有至关重要的作用。本文分析了城市地下空间开发利用地质环境适宜性评价的影响因素,运用层次分析法确定岩土体特征、水文地质条件、环境地质问题、技术经济等指标因素的权重,建立模糊综合评价模型,定量评价宁波东部新城浅层(-15~0m)和中层(-30~-15m)的地下空间开发利用地质环境适宜程度。评价结果显示,东部新城地下空间开发地质环境适宜性等级分为Ⅱ级较适宜和Ⅲ级较不适宜,并根据不同的适宜等级提出了地下空间开发利用方式,为宁波东部新城的地下空间开发利用提供依据。  相似文献   

晋中至太原城际铁路沿线地质条件分析     

张龙飞 《城市地质》2016,(3):54-58

晋中至太原城际铁路位于山西断陷带次级构造单元太原断陷盆地内,盆地内部新构造运动复杂,城际铁路沿线跨越多条第四纪隐伏活动断裂,并穿过榆次地裂缝发育地带及砂土液化区域,这些地质问题极大地影响着晋中至太原城际铁路的前期勘测选线。本文从地质构造、地层岩性、浅层地震勘探等方面对穿越城际铁路的三条活动断裂的危险性进行了分析评价,以查明断裂错动对城际铁路的影响。结合前人对榆次地裂缝的研究成果,对城际铁路附近的地裂缝发育情况进行了调查验证,以查明榆次地裂缝对城际铁路的影响。通过在城际铁路车站及车辆段布置地质钻孔,进行标贯试验、剪切波速测试,以查明城际铁路沿线工程地质条件,对沿线车站及车辆段场地进行液化判定及场地类别判定。针对城际铁路沿线存在的上述地质问题,给出了相应的工程建议,对城际铁路前期勘测设计具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)     

Emily Keeble  David I. Whiteside  Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

中国可可托海世界地质公园地质遗迹资源类型及价值     

张焕新  曹俊  张成功  沈洪江  袁茂珂 《地质论评》2018,64(2):6402447-6402449

正1地质公园简介中国可可托海世界地质公园位于亚洲中部内陆地区、中国新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区富蕴县、青河县境内;行政区划隶属新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州阿勒泰地区行政公署。公园总面积2337.90 km2,地理坐标:东经89°29'45″～90°11'54″,北纬46°42'04″～47°43'45″,海拔1072～3234 m(张成功  相似文献