湿地功能快速评价中的若干理论问题   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9  

殷书柏  吕宪国 《湿地科学》2006,4(1):1-6

针对目前湿地功能快速评价中存在的不足之处,分析了产生这些不足的原因及湿地功能快速评价过程中存在的一些基本理论问题。分析表明:湿地功能快速评价方法是为了达到“湿地功能无净损失”目的,是在需要评价的湿地如此之多而从事湿地功能评价的专业人员又极其缺乏的情况下发展起来的。它对于湿地恢复与重建以及湿地受人类活动干扰程度的评价是非常有效的;在湿地功能快速评价过程中,把相对未受人类干扰的参照湿地的功能指数规定为1,这就使得快速评价方法不能对参照湿地的功能进行评价,而目前最需要评价其功能的湿地往往就是这些相对未受人类活动干扰的湿地;在相同水文地貌的湿地类型内评价湿地功能之间的差异,这使得快速评价方法不能评价湿地的水文地貌功能;由于快速评价的结果都是相对的功能指数,并不能说明湿地所提供的功能量是否满足人们的需求,因而在决策中不能单独使用;快速评价都是“一次调查就获得结果”,同时由于快速评价过程中指标选择的主观性、指标赋值的主观性、采样点空间设置的主观性以及采样时间的主观性,对于具有时空变化特征的湿地功能的评价结果的可重复性和科学性是很低的。为了使湿地功能评价的结果对管理和决策具有指导意义,基于湿地功能量计算的、定量的评价湿地功能的方法必须开发出来。针对不同的评价目的,湿地功能评价可采用双重参照标准:一是以自然为参照来评价湿地功能受人类活动影响的程度以及湿地恢复与重建成功与否;二是以人类需要为标准来评价湿地提供的功能量是否满足了我们的期望,以便采取措施改进湿地功能来满足人类的需求。  相似文献   

The Usage of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in Designing Blast Pattern     

G. U. Aldas  S. Kadioglu  E. Ulugergerli 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2006,39(3):281-290

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A comparison of chironomid biostratigraphy from Lake Vuolep Njakajaure with vegetation, lake-level, and climate changes in Abisko National Park, Sweden     

Markus Heinrichs  Lena Barnekow  Sandra Rosenberg 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,36(2):119-131

Chironomid remains from the sediment of Lake Vuolep Njakajaure reflect limnological conditions resulting from changing climate and vegetation throughout the Holocene, but do not strictly follow accepted climate trends or the vegetation history based on regional pollen and macrofossil analyses. Chironomid community changes appear to be influenced by organic nutrient input from the surrounding catchment vegetation and lake hydrology, both of which are indirectly responding to some combination of climate change, hypolimnetic oxygen concentration, and changes in basin morphology. The chironomid-based quantitative mean July air-temperature reconstruction differs from other regional quantitative records; this discrepancy is likely related to limnological conditions particular to Lake Vuolep Njakajaure. Comparison of a northern Swedish temperature transfer function and one from western Canada reveals differences in the mean July air-temperature optima of several common taxa, suggesting that the existing conservative estimates of Holocene climate change in northern Sweden may be underestimated due to the limited temperature gradient captured by the Swedish training set.  相似文献   

The multilevel fast multipole method for forward modelling the multiply scattered seismic surface waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Özcan Çakir 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(2):663-678

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Crustal constraints on the uplift mechanism of the Western Ghats of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pankaj Kr. Tiwari  G. Surve  G. Mohan 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(3):1309-1316

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Biological and Geochemical Record of Anthropogenic Impacts in Recent Sediments from Lake Pupuke, Auckland City, New Zealand     

Paul Augustinus  Michael Reid  Sofia Andersson  Yanbin Deng  Mark Horrocks 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(4):789-805

Frozen sediment cores from Lake Pupuke in Auckland City, New Zealand, contain a high resolution decadal to annual scale record of changing lake paleoenvironments and geochemistry that reflects changing landuse and hydrology in the catchment over the past c. 190 years. A reliable chronology is available from AMS ¹⁴C and ²¹⁰Pb dating of the sediments, with the timing of the older part of the record supported by the first appearance of pollen of introduced Pinus and Plantago lanceolata associated with European settlement of Auckland in the early 1840s. Diatom stratigraphy, sediment elemental and carbon isotope geochemistry reflect changes in sediment sources and lake conditions commensurate with European development of the Lake Pupuke catchment, in particular enhanced algal productivity controlled by the influx of nutrients after c. 1920 AD. Attempts to prevent nuisance algal blooms in 1933, 1934 and 1939 using CuSO₄ addition produced Cu spikes in the sediment that allowed confirmation of the accuracy of the ²¹⁰Pb chronology. Hence, the elemental and isotopic composition of the Lake Pupuke sediments reflect the timing of significant anthropogenic activities, rather than climatic variations, that have occurred within the watershed over the past c. 190 years. The comparison of records of land use change in the catchment with the multi-proxy record of changes in the sediments usually allowed unambiguous identification of the signatures of change and their causes.  相似文献   

Fast computation of Hankel Transform using orthonormal exponential approximation of complex kernel function     

Pravin K. Gupta  Sri Niwas  Neeta Chaudhary 《Journal of Earth System Science》2006,115(3):267-276

The computation of electromagnetic (EM) fields, for 1-D layered earth model, requires evaluation of Hankel Transform (HT) of the EM kernel function. The digital filtering is the most widely used technique to evaluate HT integrals. However, it has some obvious shortcomings. We present an alternative scheme, based on an orthonormal exponential approximation of the kernel function, for evaluating HT integrals. This approximation of the kernel function was chosen because the analytical solution of HT of an exponential function is readily available in literature. This expansion reduces the integral to a simple algebraic sum. The implementation of such a scheme requires that the weights and the exponents of the exponential function be estimated. The exponents were estimated through a guided search algorithm while the weights were obtained using Marquardt matrix inversion method. The algorithm was tested on analytical HT pairs available in literature. The results are compared with those obtained using the digital filtering technique with Anderson filters. The field curves for four types (A-, K-, H-and Q-type) of 3-layer earth models are generated using the present scheme and compared with the corresponding curves obtained using the Anderson sc heme. It is concluded that the present scheme is more accurate than the Anderson scheme  相似文献   

参数在线自调整模糊控制算法研究     

谌洪茂  贾宏伟  黄国辉 《华东地质学院学报》2006,29(3):277-282

针对间歇式热处理炉温度控制对象的特性要求,提出了参数在线自调整模糊控制与智能积分相结合的一种新型模糊控制方法。该方法的基本思想是在系统误差较大时,用参数在线自调整模糊控制算法以提高系统的响应;在系统误差较小时,加入智能积分作用以消除静态误差,智能积分作用是有选择的施加积分作用,克服了一般连续积分控制的缺点。论述了带智能积分参数在线自调整模糊控制器的设计及软件实现。并且通过在MATLAB软件上的仿真分析表明该方法的合理性及可行性。  相似文献   

基于ASP．NET技术的全国地质资料目录服务系统     

周春磊 《国土资源信息化》2005,(1):24-26

本文阐述了基于ASP.NET技术的地质资料目录服务系统的总体设计,并对其功能和关 键技术进行详细描述。  相似文献   

濮阳市地下水开采引起的环境地质问题及防治措施     

尹红美  魏永齐 《地下水》2005,27(3):198-199

濮阳市是新兴的石油化工基地,国家级卫生城市和园林城市,由于人口的增长、工农业的迅猛发展,地下水超量开采而引起的地面沉降、地裂缝等一系列环境地质问题,针对所出现的环境地质问题提出相应的防治措施.  相似文献