不同环境风场条件下两次华南西部低涡暴雨个例对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高安宁  赖珍权  张瑞波  陈见  陈伟斌 《气象》2013,39(1):11-19

利用常规观测资料、FY 2C卫星TBB资料、自动站降水量以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2009年7月3-4日(简称“09.7”)和2008年6月1 6 1 7日(简称“08.6”)两次发生在华南西部的低涡暴雨过程进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)低涡是两次暴雨过程的直接影响系统,“09.7”过程伴随西南低空急流,“08.6”过程无低空急流配合,中尺度辐合可能在两次强降水过程中有着直接的触发作用.(2)“09.7”过程的低层辐合强度及上升运动强度明显强于“08.6”过程.“09.7”过程较“08.6”过程,暖平流强度明显偏强,等温度平流线也较密集.(3)相比“08.6”过程,“09.7”过程水汽净流量更大,这是西南低空急流将充足水汽往暴雨区输送的结果.(4)“09.7”和“08.6”两次暴雨过程均与高空西风急流南侧的垂直环流圈密切相关,“09.7”过程由于低空有急流存在,上升运动维持时间长,降水强度大,历时长,“08.6”过程广西境内低空无急流,上升运动维持时间短,降水强度偏弱,历时短.  相似文献   

亚洲夏季风季节内振荡对云南主汛期降水的影响Ⅱ:云南主汛期季节内振荡活动过程及其对MJO活动的响应     

李汀  琚建华 《高原气象》2013,32(3)

利用NCEP OLR、风场再分析资料和日本APHRO_MA_V1003R1降水资料,针对云南主汛期季节内振荡(ISO)活跃年分析了对应低频对流场、环流场和降水的异常特征,以及热带印度洋大尺度振荡MJO分别激发孟加拉湾西南季风ISO和南海热带季风ISO,从而对云南主汛期ISO和降水产生的影响.在云南主汛期ISO活跃年,低频对流场和环流场在云南ISO波动的1～3位相和4～6位相呈反位相特征,这主要由热带印度洋低频对流东传、北传和副热带西太平洋低频对流西传造成的.热带印度洋的低频对流在发展过程中,一方面沿孟加拉湾西岸向西南-东北方向传播,激发了孟加拉湾西南季风ISO活跃并继续向云南传播;另一方面沿孟加拉湾以南继续东传到南海,激发了南海热带季风ISO活跃并北传到副热带中国东部地区,再沿副热带西传至云南,越过云南后与沿孟加拉湾西岸从东北方向传来的低频对流在孟加拉湾以北地区交汇,完成了一个经纬向接力传播的周期.云南主汛期降水在1～3位相由于副热带低频对流西传和孟加拉湾低频对流东北向传播而处于正距平(第2位相降水最多);在4～6位相,由于副热带低频对流抑制区西传和孟加拉湾低频对流抑制区东北向传播而降水减少(第5位相降水最少),云南主汛期降水与当地低频对流有较好的对应关系.当热带印度洋MJO较强时,4-7月以两条路径向云南的三次传播增强和提前,使得云南主汛期ISO活动也加强,对应产生三次低频对流活跃期,这种MJO由热带印度洋向云南的传播需要30～40天的时间.因此,正是热带印度洋MJO分别对孟加拉湾西南季风ISO和南海热带季风ISO的激发,使得东亚夏季风和南亚夏季风这两个亚洲夏季风系统共同作用于云南主汛期ISO,影响当地降水.  相似文献   

我国华南3月份降水异常的可能影响因子分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

李宏毅  林朝晖  宋燕  陈红  许建玉 《大气科学》2013,37(3):719-730

利用1951～2005年华南地区3月份的降水资料、NOAA海温资料、Ni?o3.4指数和NCEP再分析资料,分析了华南3月份降水异常与同期环流场、全球海温场的关系,从环流和海温的角度揭示了华南3月份降水异常的可能原因。结果表明,当华南3月份降水偏多(少)时,在对流层中低层,北太平洋海区存在气旋(反气旋)性环流异常,西太平洋及南海海面上存在反气旋(气旋)性环流异常,这样的环流异常有利(不利)于东南暖湿气流与北方东部异常冷空气在华南地区形成水汽辐合,导致降水显著增多(减少)。进一步的分析表明,ENSO和北印度洋及南海附近海温是影响华南3月份降水异常的重要外强迫因子,ENSO对华南3月降水异常的影响是通过影响春季西太平洋副热带高压和低层风场异常实现的,而北印度洋及南海附近海温对华南3月降水异常的影响则是通过垂直环流场异常和低层风场以及西太平洋副热带高压异常来实现的。  相似文献   

1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射变化特征及云对其影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨溯  石广玉  王标  杨红龙  段云霞 《大气科学》2013,37(5):963-970

基于我国100个地面站点的地面太阳总辐射、日平均云量资料分析1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射(Surface Solar Radiation,SSR)变化特征及云在不同时期对SSR的影响。结果显示:1961～2009年我国SSR经历了先下降后上升的变化过程,其中1961～1990年SSR显著下降("变暗"),下降速率为-4.3%/10 a(7.87 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势比较一致;1990年后SSR开始上升("变亮"),上升速率为2.8%/10 a(2.4 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势不如前一阶段一致,但没有显著的地域分布特征。晴空条件的设置对1961～1990年各站点SSR变化特征影响不大,仍为大范围下降("变暗"),但对1990～2009年的结果影响显著。相比全天空条件的结果,晴空条件下1990～2009年我国SSR变化有明显的南北特征,南方地区以"变亮"为主,而北方地区大多继续"变暗",但"变暗"速度减缓。1961～1990年我国总云量总体呈小幅下降趋势,下降速率很慢,这一时期总云量与全天空SSR没有很好的对应关系;1990～2009年我国总云量总体呈小幅上升趋势,有显著的南北分布差异,北方地区以上升趋势为主,南方地区以下降趋势为主,期间云量与全天空情况下SSR有很好的对应关系。这些结果表明,在"变暗"阶段,云对SSR的作用不显著,而在"变亮"阶段,云的作用变得较为突出。  相似文献   

夏季索马里越赤道气流垂直结构特征及其与南亚夏季风的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢磊  孙照渤  李忠贤  倪东鸿 《气象科学》2013,33(1):37-42

采用1950-2009年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析风场资料,对夏季低空索马里越赤道气流的垂直结构及其与南亚夏季风的关系进行研究.结果表明:夏季索马里越赤道气流在垂直方向上从低层至高层先增强,在925 hPa高度上达到最大值后逐渐减弱.某些年份索马里越赤道气流核心可向上延伸至850 hPa高度,而某些年份则维持在925 hPa高度上.索马里越赤道气流垂直结构不同时,其对应的南亚夏季风也有所不同,这种差异主要体现在对流层低层风场的变化,以及南亚夏季风的强弱差异方面.总体来说,索马里急流核心高度延伸至850 hPa时,对应的南亚夏季风偏强;急流核心高度维持在925 hPa时,南亚夏季风偏弱.  相似文献   

Evaluating the Tree Population Density and Its Impacts in CLM-DGVM     

SONG Xiang  ZENG Xiaodong  ZHU Jiawen 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):116-124

Vegetation population dynamics play an essential role in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems.However,large uncertainties remain in the parameterizations of population dynamics in current Dynamic Global Vegetation Models(DGVMs).In this study,the global distribution and probability density functions of tree population densities in the revised Community Land Model-Dynamic Global Vegetation Model(CLM-DGVM) were evaluated,and the impacts of population densities on ecosystem characteristics were investigated.The results showed that the model predicted unrealistically high population density with small individual size of tree PFTs(Plant Functional Types) in boreal forests,as well as peripheral areas of tropical and temperate forests.Such biases then led to the underestimation of forest carbon storage and incorrect carbon allocation among plant leaves,stems and root pools,and hence predicted shorter time scales for the building/recovering of mature forests.These results imply that further improvements in the parameterizations of population dynamics in the model are needed in order for the model to correctly represent the response of ecosystems to climate change.  相似文献   

Model Evidence for Interdecadal Pathway Changes in the Subtropics and Tropics of the South Pacific Ocean     

ZHANG Rong-Hu  WANG Zhanggui 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):1-9

Numerical simulations using a version of the GFDL/NOAA Modular Ocean Model(MOM 3) are analyzed to demonstrate interdecadal pathway changes from the subtropics to the tropics in the South Pacific Ocean.After the 1976-77 climate shift,the subtropical gyre of the South Pacific underwent significant changes,characterized by a slowing down in its circulation and a southward displacement of its center by about 5-10 latitude on the western side.The associated circulation altered its flow path in the northwestern part of the subtropical gyre,changing from a direct pathway connecting the subtropics to the tropics before the shift to a more zonal one after.This effectively prevented some subtropical waters from directly entering into the western equatorial Pacific.Since waters transported onto the equator around the subtropical gyre are saline and warm,such changes in the direct pathway and the associated reduction in equatorward exchange from the subtropics to the tropics affected water mass properties downstream in the western equatorial Pacific,causing persisted freshening and cooling of subsurface water as observed after the late 1970s.Previously,changes in gyre strength and advection of temperature anomalies have been invoked as mechanisms for linking the subtropics and tropics on interdecadal time scales.Here we present an additional hypothesis in which geographic shifts in the gyre structure and location(a pathway change) could play a similar role.  相似文献   

TRMM-retrieved Cloud Structure and Evolution of MCSs over the Northern South China Sea and Impacts of CAPE and Vertical Wind Shear     

LI Xiangshu  GUO Xueliang  FU Danhong 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):77-88

Cloud structure and evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems(MCSs) retrieved from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager(TRMM TMI) and Precipitation Radar(PR) were investigated and compared with some pioneer studies based on soundings and models over the northern South China Sea(SCS).The impacts of Convective Available Potential Energy(CAPE) and environmental vertical wind shear on MCSs were also explored.The main features of MCSs over the SCS were captured well by both TRMM PR and TMI.However,the PR-retrieved surface rainfall in May was less than that in June,and the reverse for TMI.TRMM-retrieved rainfall amounts were generally consistent with those estimated from sounding and models.However,rainfall amounts from sounding-based and PR-based estimates were relatively higher than those retrieved from TRMM-TMI data.The Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) modeling simulation underestimated the maximum rain rate by 22% compared to that derived from TRMM-PR,and underestimated mean rainfall by 10.4% compared to the TRMM-TMI estimate,and by 12.5% compared to the sounding-based estimate.The warm microphysical processes modeled from both the WRF and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble(GCE) models were quite close to those based on TMI,but the ice water contents in the models were relatively less compared to that derived from TMI.The CAPE and wind shear induced by the monsoon circulation were found to play critical roles in maintaining and developing the intense convective clouds over SCS.The latent heating rate increased more than twofold during the monsoon period and provided favorable conditions for the upward transportation of energy from the ocean,giving rise to the possibility of inducing large-scale interactions.  相似文献   

Earth System Model FGOALS-s2: Coupling a dynamic global vegetation and terrestrial carbon model with the physical climate system model     

王军  包庆  刘屹岷  吴国雄  纪多颖 《大气科学进展》2013,30(6):1549-1559

Earth System Models （ESMs） are fundamental tools for understanding climate-carbon feedback. An ESM version of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model （FGOALS） was recently developed within the IPCC AR5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） modeling framework, and we describe the development of this model through the coupling of a dynamic global vegetation and terrestrial carbon model with FGOALS-s2. The performance of the coupled model is evaluated as follows. The simulated global total terrestrial gross primary production （GPP） is 124.4 PgC yr-I and net pri- mary production （NPP） is 50.9 PgC yr-1. The entire terrestrial carbon pools contain about 2009.9 PgC, comprising 628.2 PgC and 1381.6 PgC in vegetation and soil pools, respectively. Spatially, in the tropics, the seasonal cycle of NPP and net ecosystem production （NEP） exhibits a dipole mode across the equator due to migration of the monsoon rainbelt, while the seasonal cycle is not so significant in Leaf Area Index （LAI）. In the subtropics, especially in the East Asian monsoon region, the seasonal cycle is obvious due to changes in temperature and precipitation from boreal winter to summer. Vegetation productivity in the northern mid-high latitudes is too low, possibly due to low soil moisture there. On the interannual timescale, the terrestrial ecosystem shows a strong response to ENSO. The model- simulated Nifio3.4 index and total terrestrial NEP are both characterized by a broad spectral peak in the range of 2-7 years. Further analysis indicates their correlation coefficient reaches -0.7 when NEP lags the Nifio3.4 index for about 1-2 months.  相似文献   

Tele-connecting local consumption to global land use   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yang Yu  Kuishuang Feng  Klaus Hubacek 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1178-1186

Globalization increases the interconnectedness of people and places around the world. In a connected world, goods and services consumed in one country are often produced in other countries and exchanged via international trade. Thus, local consumption is increasingly met by global supply chains oftentimes involving large geographical distances and leading to global environmental change. In this study, we connect local consumption to global land use through tracking global commodity and value chains via international trade flows. Using a global multiregional input–output model with sectoral detail allows for the accounting of land use attributed to “unusual” sectors – from a land use perspective – including services, machinery and equipment, and construction. Our results show how developed countries consume a large amount of goods and services from both domestic and international markets, and thus impose pressure not only on their domestic land resources, but also displace land in other countries, thus displacing other uses. For example, 33% of total U.S. land use for consumption purposes is displaced from other countries. This ratio becomes much larger for the EU (more than 50%) and Japan (92%). Our analysis shows that 47% of Brazilian and 88% of Argentinean cropland is used for consumption purposes outside of their territories, mainly in EU countries and China. In addition, consumers in rich countries tend to displace land by consuming non-agricultural products, such as services, clothing and household appliances, which account for more than 50% of their total land displacement. By contrast, for developing economies, such as African countries, the share of land use for non-agricultural products is much lower, with an average of 7%. The emerging economies and population giants, China and India, are likely to further increase their appetite for land from other countries, such as Africa, Russia and Latin America, to satisfy their own land needs driven by their fast economic growth and the needs and lifestyles of their growing populations.  相似文献