高光谱图像滚动引导递归滤波与地物分类     

崔宾阁  吴亚男  钟勇  钟利伟  路燕 《遥感学报》2019,23(3):431-442

高光谱图像类内光谱变化较大,"同物异谱"现象普遍存在。利用原始地物光谱特征进行分类精度较低而且分类结果图中存在"椒盐现象"。为了获得好的分类结果,必须充分利用高光谱图像的光谱信息和空间信息,减少类内的光谱变化,并扩大类别间的光谱差异。为此,提出一种滚动引导递归滤波的高光谱图像光谱—空间分类方法。首先,利用主成分分析对高光谱图像进行降维;然后,利用高斯滤波对输入图像进行模糊化,消除图像中的噪声和小尺度结构;接下来,将模糊化后的图像作为引导图像,对输入图像进行边缘保持递归滤波,输出结果作为新的引导图像,重复迭代这个过程直至大尺度边缘被恢复;最后,利用提取的特征波段和支持向量机对高光谱图像进行分类。在两个真实高光谱数据集上进行了分类实验,结果表明本文方法的分类精度优于其他的高光谱图像分类方法。在训练样本极少的情况下,本文方法也能获得较高的分类精度。  相似文献   

Potential of time‐lapse photography for identifying saturation area dynamics on agricultural hillslopes          下载免费PDF全文

Rasmiaditya Silasari  Juraj Parajka  Camillo Ressl  Peter Strauss  Günter Blöschl 《水文研究》2017,31(21):3610-3627

Mapping saturation areas during rainfall events is important for understanding the dynamics of overland flow. In this study, we evaluate the potential of high temporal resolution time‐lapse photography for mapping the dynamics of saturation areas (i.e., areas where water is visually ponding on the surface) on the hillslope scale during natural rainfall. We take 1 image per minute over a 100 × 15 m² depression area on an agricultural field in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria. The images are georectified and classified by an automated procedure, using grey intensity as a threshold to identify saturation area. The optimum threshold T is obtained by comparing saturation areas from the automated analysis with the manual analysis of 149 images. T is found to be highly correlated with an image brightness characteristic defined as the greyscale image histogram mode M (Pearson correlation r = 0.91). We estimate T as T = M + C where C is a calibration parameter assumed to be constant during each event. The automated procedure estimates the total saturation area close to the manual analysis with mean normalized root mean square error of 9% and 21% if C is calibrated for each event and taken constant for all events, respectively. The spatial patterns of saturation are estimated with a geometric mean accuracy index of 94% as compared to the manual analysis of the same photos. The patterns are tested against field observations for one date as a preliminary demonstration, which yields a root mean square error of the shortest distance between the measured boundary points and the automatically classified boundary as 23 cm. The usefulness of the patterns is illustrated by exploring run‐off generation processes of an example event. Overall, the proposed classification method based on grey intensity is found to process images with highly varying brightnesses well. It is more efficient than the manual tracing for a large number of images, which allows the exploration of surface flow processes at high temporal resolution.  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术在建筑立面测绘中的应用     

张立  宋莉 《测绘通报》2019,(9):152-154

针对传统建筑立面测量方法作业效率低下问题，笔者探索出基于三维激光扫描技术快速实现建筑立面测绘的应用方案。本文结合实际场景，通过天宝TX8激光扫描仪获取建筑点云数据，利用Trimble RealWorks软件进行点云绘图。结果表明，地面激光扫描技术可以高效地实现建筑立面测绘，具有一定的推广意义。  相似文献   

Reflectance variation in boreal landscape during the snow melting period using airborne imaging spectroscopy     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

We aim a better understanding of the effect of spring-time snow melt on the remotely sensed scene reflectance by using an extensive amount of optical spectral data obtained from an airborne hyperspectral campaign in Northern Finland. We investigate the behaviour of thin snow reflectance for different land cover types, such as open areas, boreal forests and treeless fells. Our results not only confirm the generally known fact that the reflectance of a melting thin snow layer is considerably lower than that of a thick snow layer, but we also present analyses of the reflectance variation over different land covers and in boreal forests as a function of canopy coverage. According to common knowledge, the highly variating reflectance spectra of partially transparent, most likely also contaminated thin snow pack weakens the performance of snow detection algorithms, in particular in the mapping of Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) during the end of the melting period. The obtained results directly support further development of the SCAmod algorithm for FSC retrieval, and can be likewise applied to develop other algorithms for optical satellite data (e.g. spectral unmixing methods), and to perform accuracy assessments for snow detection algorithms.A useful part of this work is the investigation of the competence of Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) in snow detection in late spring, since it is widely used in snow mapping. We conclude, based on the spectral data analysis, that the NDSI -based snow mapping is more accurate in open areas than in forests. However, at the very end of the snow melting period the behavior of the NDSI becomes more unstable and unpredictable in non-forests with shallow snow, increasing the inaccuracy also in non-forested areas. For instance in peatbogs covered by melting snow layer (snow depth < 30 cm) the mean NDSI -0.6 was observed, having coefficient of variation as high as 70%, whereas for deeper snow packs the mean NDSI shows positive values.  相似文献   

Evaluating the potential of multi-view data extraction from small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) for object-based classification for Wetland land covers     

Tao Liu  Amr Abd-Elrahman  Bon Dewitt  Scot Smith  Jon Morton  Victor L. Wilhelm 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(1):130-159

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have the potential to provide multi-view data, but the approaches used to extract the multi-view data from UAS and investigation of their use in image classification are currently unavailable in publications to our best knowledge. This study presents a method that combines collinearity equations and a two-phase optimization procedure to automatically project a point from real world coordinate system of an orthoimage to UAS image coordinate system (row and column numbers) to be used in multi-view data extraction. The results show average errors for the computed UAS column and row numbers were 1.6 and 1.8 pixels respectively evaluated with leave-one-out method. Based on this algorithm, it’s also for the first time that object-based multi-view data were extracted and presented, and the potential of using the multi-view data to aid Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis(GEOBIA) through bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) modelling was evaluated with two representatives of BRDFs, the Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete(RPV) and Ross-Thick-LiSparse (RTLS). Our results indicate the RPV model tends to overestimate the bidirectional reflectance for land cover types with high reflectance, while perform well for those with relatively low reflectance in our study area. To test the impact of using multi-view data on image classification, we extracted parameters from BRDF models and used these parameters as object features for object-based classification. The 10-fold cross validation results show that the 3-parameter RTLS significantly improved overall accuracy compared to the classifications relying only on the orthoimage features, while other BRDF models did not show significant improvements, raising the needs to develop new methods to better utilize the multi-view information in GEOIBA in the future.  相似文献   

Prediction of subsurface water level change from satellite data     

Suphan Saykawlard  Kiyoshi Honda  Ashim Das Gupta  Apisit Eiumnoh  Xiaoyong Chen 《水文研究》2005,19(4):947-954

This study explores the potential for predicting the spatial variation in subsurface water level change with crop growth stage from satellite data in Thabua Irrigation Project, situated in the northern central region of Thailand. The relationship between subsurface water level change from pumping water to irrigate rice in the dry season and the age of the rice was analysed. The spatial model of subsurface water level change was developed from the classification using greenness or (normalized difference vegetation index NDVI) derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper data. The NDVI of 52 rice fields was employed to assess its relationship to the age of the rice. It was found that NDVI and rice age have a good correlation (R² = 0·73). The low NDVI values (−0·059 to 0·082) in these fields were related to the young rice stage (0–30 days). NDVI and subsurface water level change were also correlated in this study and found to have a high correlation (Water level change (m day⁻¹) = 0·3442 × NDVI − 0·0372; R² = 0·96). From this model, the water level change caused by rice at different growth stages was derived. This was used to show the spatial variation of water level change in the project during the 1998–99 dry‐season cropping. This simple method of using NDVI relationships with water level change and crop growth stages proves to be useful in determining the areas prone to excessive lowering of the subsurface water level during the dry season. This could assist in the appropriate planning of the use of subsurface water resources in dry‐season cropping. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布格局与土壤特性的关系     

山丹  朱媛君  王百竹  刘艳书  时忠杰  杨晓晖 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):145-155

研究呼伦贝尔沙地植物群落与土壤特征相互关系有助于促进中国北方的生态恢复与重建工作。分析了呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带58个样地174个样方的植物和土壤的调查数据，调查到94种植物，分属于26科64属，其中菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）、豆科（Leguminosae）和蔷薇科（Rosaceae）为前四大科，占总物种数55.33%。采用Ward系统分类法，将所调查植被分为4类。寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落（Carex duriuscula-Potentilla bifurca） Tsallis多样性最高，冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落（Agropyron cristatum-Potentilla acaulis-Cleistogenes squarrosa） Tsallis多样性最低。不同植物群落间土壤物理特性有显著差异，化学特征差异不显著。随着土层深度的增加，各群落土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量逐渐降低，表聚现象明显，脚薹草-贝加尔针茅群落（Carex pediformis-Stipa baicalensis）和冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落养分层次特征显著，羊草群落（Leymus chinensis）和寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落养分层次特征不明显。CCA排序结果表明影响植被群落物种分布的土壤因子有全氮、全磷、有机质、pH和土壤水分，其中深层土壤全氮、全磷、有机质（20~40 cm土层）的作用最显著。呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布存在较显著差异，呈现出斑块状分布规律，而土壤养分对植被群落格局具有重要影响。  相似文献   

墨西哥湾盆地石油的来源和分类   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

成海燕  龚建明  张莉 《海洋地质前沿》2010,26(3)

通过对墨西哥湾岸盆地大量原油样品的抽样调查,其地球化学特征表明,原油的成因类型主要有5组,即①上侏罗统牛津阶海相泥灰岩;②上侏罗统牛津阶海相碳酸盐岩;③上侏罗统提塘阶海相泥灰岩;④白垩系海相碳酸盐岩—蒸发岩;⑤第三系海相三角洲碎屑岩。每一组都与特定的烃源岩有关。烃源岩为多源输入,多相(石油—天然气)变化,已达到成熟,并经历了后期填充蚀变过程。  相似文献   

ADS40近红外波段遥感影像分类方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹君  郑慧 《地理空间信息》2009,7(5):42-45

针对传统的基于像元的分类方法的不足，结合ADS40近红外波段遥感影像的分类过程，简要介绍了面向对象的分类方法，并将其与传统的基于像元的方法进行了比较。结果表明：面向对象的方法不仅能够有效地避免“椒盐”现象，还能大幅度提高分类精度.  相似文献   

基于遥感影像数据的土地利用动态监测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高炳浩 《测绘与空间地理信息》2009,32(3):98-99,102

以松原地区TM影像为实验数据,利用遥感分类软件通过最大似然法作为平行六面体判别规则对遥感影像数据进行监督分类,并通过遥感影像地图代数和拓扑运算,完成了土地动态监测过程.  相似文献