粤港澳大湾区地下水资源特征及开发潜力          下载免费PDF全文

曹建文  夏日元  唐仲华  赵良杰  王喆  栾崧  王松 《中国地质》2021,48(4):1075-1093

粤港澳大湾区是中国开放程度最高、经济活力最强的区域之一,在国家发展大局中具有重要的战略地位,大湾区未来的发展离不开水资源的支撑和良好的水生态环境。近年来,随着大湾区经济的快速发展,人口激增,需水量上升,水资源环境问题也日益突出,水安全保障程度不足;地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,具有水量稳定、水质较好的特点,可作为重要的应急备用水源。本文从地下水资源着手,系统梳理了大湾区水资源环境条件、地下水资源状况、特征和开发利用潜力,并提出了应急后备水源地建议,得到以下认识:(1)地下水可划分为松散岩类孔隙水、碳酸盐岩岩溶水、基岩裂隙水三大类,其中松散岩类孔隙水和基岩裂隙水分布最广;(2)湾区内地下水水化学类型较为复杂,丘陵山区以HCO_3-Na型、HCO_3-Ca型及HCO_3-Na+Ca型为主,冲积平原及山间盆地以HCO_3+Cl-Na型及HCO_3+Cl-Na+Ca型为主,三角洲地区以Cl-Na型微咸-咸水为主;(3)西江、北江及东江干流构成湾区内地下水排泄的总渠道,各支流为地下水的局部排泄基准面,地下水动态变化具季节性特征;(4)地下水整体水质较好,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水占比高达66.25%,从丘陵山区到三角洲平原,水质呈变差趋势,尤其在广州、江门、中山、东莞等城市周边水质较差,超标因子主要为氨氮、氯化物、氟化物、硫酸盐等,三角洲地区发育大量"铁质水"和"氨氮水",水质性缺水问题突出;(5)地下水开发利用程度很低,东莞及中山等城市基本未开发利用地下水,在各类地下水中,碳酸盐岩岩溶裂隙水具有规模开采的开发利用潜力;(6)综合分析相关资料,提出将广花盆地等10处富水块段作为应急水源地备选,经初步计算每年可为大湾区提供约4.18亿m~3的应急水源保障。为应对突发性水质污染及极端干旱气候等大规模供水危机,保障粤港澳大湾区用水安全,促进大湾区高质量发展,建议加强大湾区的基础水文地质调查工作,掌握地下水的水位、水质、水量的动态变化特征,精准计算可用于应急备用开采的地下水储存量。  相似文献   

Integrating farmers’ adaptive knowledge into flood management and adaptation policies in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A social learning perspective     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

Flood management and adaptation are important elements in sustaining farming production in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). While over the past decades hydraulic development introduced by the central government has substantially benefited the rural economy, it has simultaneously caused multiple barriers to rural adaptation. We investigate the relational practices (i.e., learning interactions) taking place within and across the flood management and adaptation boundaries from the perspective of social learning. We explore whether and how adaptive knowledge (i.e., experimental and experiential knowledge) derived from farmers’ everyday adaptation practices contributes to local flood management and adaptation policies in the selected areas. We collected data through nine focus groups with farmers and thirty-three interviews with government officials, environmental scientists, and farmers. Qualitative analysis suggests that such processes are largely shaped by the institutional context where the boundary is embedded. This study found that while the highly bureaucratic operation of flood management creates constraints for feedback, the more informal arrangements set in place at the local level provide flexible platforms conducive to open communication, collaborative learning, and exchange of knowledge among the different actors. This study highlights the pivotal role of shadow systems that provide space for establishing and maintaining informal interactions and relationships between social actors (e.g., interactions between farmers and extension officials) in stimulating and influencing, from the bottom-up, the emergence of adaptive knowledge about flood management and adaptation in a local context.  相似文献   

大兴安岭摩天岭雨养泥炭沼泽多环芳烃分布特征与来源分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

史彩奎  贾益群  王国平 《湿地科学》2007,5(3):260-265

运用气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)技术对大兴安岭摩天岭(47°22′23″N,120°38′45″E)雨养泥炭沼泽泥炭柱中的多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物进行了分析。结果表明,研究区雨养泥炭沼泽表层PAHs总含量的质量比为1 874.4 ng/g,与国内外雨养泥炭沼泽表层相比,其污染水平相对较高。由于研究区气候冷湿,雨养泥炭沼泽中的有机质腐殖化程度较低,有机碳含量较高,这和其PAHs含量的相关性较小。研究区样品中检测出的PAHs主要以2~3环的多环芳烃为主;由PAHs分子标志物指标分析结果可知,研究区雨养泥炭沼泽PAHs污染物的主要来源是当地森林火灾与大气远距离沉降;沉降的PAHs污染物是原油开采、石油生产和化石燃料燃烧的共同贡献。在距地表15~34 cm处,柱状剖面层的PAHs含量显著增加,这是由于1987年和1998年大兴安岭发生森林火灾树木燃烧所致。  相似文献   

广东旅游休闲产业空间布局模式的构建   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

刘少和  张伟强  乔纪纲 《热带地理》2007,27(2):164-169

从大珠三角与其周边地区的地理梯度特征,可见大珠三角在广东地理、经济、文化中的核心地位,其周边地区的边缘地位。这种“核心”与“边缘”或“中心”与“外围”的关系实际上构造了一个相对稳定的旅游系统,前者主要成为旅游客源地,后者主要成为旅游接待地。大珠三角城际在空间上的逐步融合,构成了广东“环大珠三角城市群游憩带”和“点-轴树状游憩网”,以及“南部濒海游憩廊”的旅游休闲产业空间布局模式。  相似文献   

Globalisation, Regionalisation and Local Voices: The Asian Development Bank and Rescaled Politics of Environment in the Mekong Region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philip Hirsch 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2001,22(3):237-251

Globalisation is manifested in the Mekong Region both through processes and discourses that reflect the ideology of a borderless world allowing easy passage of capital and commodities, and through resistance to such processes in an increasingly transnationalised civil society movement. However, more immediately significant supranational integrative agendas take the form of regionalisation, a process that has received less attention but which raises analogous concerns of re-scaled governance. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been a catalysing force for regionalisation amidst a host of regional processes and initiatives; as such it has found itself the object of critique as an institution and through the specific projects it has supported that have impacted on local communities and ecosystems. Meanwhile, local and NGO voices associated with the emergence of a vibrant civil society in Thailand and nascent civil society responses in neighbouring countries have challenged claims on resources made in the name of national development and regional integration.
This paper considers some key issues of re-scaling resource and environmental politics in the Mekong Region, and the extent to which challenges have been recast from national to regional development agendas. Politics of environment are shown to exist as a general rather than exceptional response to the region's development direction, and it is suggested that equitable and sustainable development increasingly needs to address simultaneously the re-scaling and reconfigurations of power in both environmental politics and the "infrapolitics" of environment. The paper is illustrated with case studies of dams in Laos and Thailand.  相似文献   

Glacial paleoceanography off the mouth of the Mekong River, southern South China Sea, during the last 500 ka     

Qianyu Li  Fan Zheng  Muhong Chen  Rong Xiang  Peijun Qiao  Lei Shao  Xinrong Cheng 《Quaternary Research》2010,73(3):563-572

We have analyzed core MD01-2392, ∼ 360 km east of the Mekong River mouth in the South China Sea (SCS). Over the past 500 ka, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen-isotopic values are consistently lighter than northern SCS and open-ocean records by up to 0.5‰, indicating the influence of run-off from the Mekong River during both glacial and interglacial periods. Carbonate content is higher during interglacials; sedimentation rates were higher during glacials. Increased sedimentation rates since 30 ka imply increased run-off during the last glacial maximum and Holocene Period. Contrary to general experience, in which it is classed as a warm species for temperature estimates, the thermocline-dwelling species Pulleniatina obliquiloculata increased its numbers during glacial periods. This implies an estuarine circulation and even brackish-water caps during glacial periods, reinforcing the sense of strong run-off. In an overall decline of warm water, the thermocline shoaled stepwise, with rapid rises across the glacial terminations. We infer that the southern SCS was opened to an influx of Indian Ocean waters through southern passages at those times of rising sea levels.  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区港口供应链优化研究          下载免费PDF全文

王圣 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(2):39-47

为充分发挥粤港澳大湾区港口的竞争优势,促进港口经济的协调发展,文章基于粤港澳大湾区主要港口的实际情况,构建供应链博弈模型并进行数值仿真,研究相关因素对深圳港和香港港绩效的影响。研究结果表明:随着商品价格和库存成本的提高,货物从深圳港向香港港转移,但转移幅度逐渐趋缓;深圳港在中低端商品的货源收集方面具有明显的竞争优势,而香港港对高端商品的吸引力更强;货运结构逐渐向中高端商品过渡对于提高港口收益具有促进作用,其中深圳港应通过降低商品库存成本而降低经营风险;深中通道和港珠澳大桥通车有效缩短腹地运输时间,对于绝大部分商品价格和库存成本组合都将提高粤港澳大湾区港口的总收益。  相似文献   

基于多源卫星数据的南海油气井平台遥感提取方法研究——以湄公盆地周边海域为例          下载免费PDF全文

王明珠  陈颖民  韩飞  陈婕  许国强  李柏权  江佳琳 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(3):72-78

文章以湄公盆地周边海域为研究区,利用遥感技术手段,综合多时相、多源卫星数据,探讨不同数据源海上油气井平台提取方法。本次研究,首先基于1992—2018年27景多时相夜间灯光数据和2019年两期SAR数据,分别采用高斯滤波法和双参数CFAR法,实现了全区域油气井平台的自动化提取;然后,针对有确定性资料辅助判定的区域,采用人工目视解译的方法,对长时间序列Landsat-8 OLI及YG24号光学卫星影像进行提取,并将解译结果作为标准数据,用于验证前两种自动提取方法的精度。结果表明：夜间灯光影像数据易获取、成本低,提取方法简单,而SAR影像提取结果的精度高、流程烦琐,建议根据多源卫星数据的特点相互结合,实现快速、高效、精确的信息提取,应用于海上油气井平台监测。  相似文献   

A tree-ring based precipitation reconstruction for the Mohe region in the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains,China, since AD 1724     

Tongwen Zhang  Yujiang YuanWenshou Wei  Shulong YuRuibo Zhang  Feng ChenHuaming Shang  Li Qin 《Quaternary Research》2014

August–July precipitation has been reconstructed back to AD 1724 for the Mohe region in the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, using Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica tree-ring width. The reconstruction explains 39% of the variance in the precipitation observed from AD 1960–2008. Some droughts noted in historical documents are precisely captured in our reconstruction. Wet periods occurred during the periods of AD 1734–1785, AD 1805–1830, AD 1863–1880, AD 1922–1961, and AD 1983–1998; while the periods of AD 1786–1804, AD 1831–1862, AD 1881–1921, and AD 1962–1982 were relatively dry. Power spectral and wavelet analyses demonstrated the existence of significant 24-yr, 12-yr, and 2-yr cycles of variability. The results of the spatial correlations suggest that our reconstruction contains climatic signals for the southern Stanovoy Range and the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains. The positive correlations between the new reconstructed precipitation series and two precipitation reconstructions indicate that our precipitation reconstruction captures broad-scale regional climatic variations. A comparison between the weakening tendency of summer monsoon and the dry period of our reconstruction reveals that the annual precipitation in the Mohe region is partly influenced by the East Asian Summer Monsoon.  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区水路客运网络特征     

宋旭妍  彭甜甜  张高军 《热带地理》2022,42(2):247-255

以粤港澳大湾区水路客运班线为数据来源,运用复杂网络分析方法,分析水路客运网络的基本特征,评估其小世界特性与无标度特征,分析各节点的重要性,测试其鲁棒性与脆弱性,结果发现：1）大湾区水路客运网络基本健全,节点之间能够自由流动,但网络的层级单一,可达性较低的节点占据多数;2）大湾区水路客运网络具有部分小世界网络特性和无标度特性,节点分布呈现马太效应;3）深圳蛇口港在复杂网络中的综合重要性最为突出,比较重要的节点还有香港中港码头、香港国际机场、珠海九州港、澳门外港;4）大湾区南部的水路客运网络相比北部发达,东部比西部发达,空间发展不均衡;5）大湾区水路客运网络具有鲁棒性,生存能力较强,但网络发育不够完善,稳定性较差,难以经受蓄意攻击。整体上,大湾区水路客运网络还有较大的优化提升空间,应加大核心节点保障能力,增强边缘节点的连通性,提升大湾区北部的水路客运能力。  相似文献