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81.
以福州江滨地区2个有代表性的超高层建筑桩基础工程实例为依据,通过无卡式冲击 正循环,旋挖 气举反循环,回转 泵吸反循环3种成孔工艺之间的比对,提出了在福州市江滨地区超大粒径厚层卵石与花岗岩地层灌注桩施工成孔工艺方面的一些见解,认为回转 泵吸反循环是较为可靠的工艺。 相似文献
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83.
掺砾黏土在高心墙堆石坝工程中的应用越来越广泛,其拉伸断裂特性对心墙的安全至关重要。将掺砾黏土视作四相复合材料,基于图像处理和随机投放建立了考虑真实砾石形态的细观数值模型,结合物理试验的结果验证了其有效性,并分析了掺砾黏土拉伸断裂的宏细观特性。应力位移曲线的宏观非线性是细观非均质性的体现,砾石的掺入大幅减低了抗拉强度,但提高了峰后抗拉性能;土石界面是微裂缝发展的源头,拉伸断裂是一个微裂缝萌生、扩展以至汇集形成宏观裂缝的过程;拉伸断裂发生在一个区域,即断裂过程区,该区域的形成与砾石的随机分布有关。最后,采用数值试验分析了随机砾石投放和掺砾量对掺砾黏土宏细观力学行为的影响。 相似文献
84.
为了揭示华北北部晚侏罗世沉积盆地性质,对赤城-宣化盆地中土城子组沉积特征及盆缘构造进行了研究。通过对土城子组沉积特征研究表明,土城子组中-下部为一套河湖相沉积,上部为一套冲积扇粗碎屑沉积;土城子组砾岩成分系统统计分析显示,赤城盆地与宣化-下花园盆地具有相似岩屑岩性相旋回,反映源区具有相同或相近的蚀顶过程。研究区晚侏罗世盆地中土城子组充填特征及盆缘构造特征表明,土城子组形成于挤压构造背景,土城子组沉积时期盆地受控于盆缘逆冲断层。大地构造背景暗示,赤城-宣化盆地晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间,古太平洋板块向NW方向的俯冲作用与尚义-赤城断裂向南逆冲并伴随右旋走滑作用是土城子组沉积时期盆地格局形成的重要控制因素。 相似文献
85.
不同砾石覆盖度戈壁床面风蚀速率定量模拟 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过风洞实验,利用称重传感器自动记录风蚀观测样方重量变化过程,对供沙条件下不同砾石覆盖度戈壁床面风蚀速率进行了定量模拟研究。结果表明:砾石覆盖度是影响戈壁风蚀速率的关键因子,戈壁床面风蚀速率随砾石覆盖度增加按指数规律递减。各实验风速下,砾石覆盖度>50%时,戈壁床面风蚀速率随砾石覆盖度增加而减小量有限,甚至无风蚀发生;而盖度从10%到50%时,风蚀速率显著减小。因此,两种实验粒径砾石(3 cm与4 cm)至少在50%盖度时才能达到较好的风蚀防治效果。戈壁风蚀防护机理主要是砾石覆盖度的增加增大了砾石间沙粒的临界起动剪切风速,而且减少了作用在砾石间可蚀地表的剪切压。与沙质对照床面相比,10%~90%砾石盖度戈壁床面沙粒临界起动剪切风速增大了0.8~3.4倍,只有0.5%~28%的剪切压作用在砾石间可蚀地表。 相似文献
86.
通过某高层住宅地基处理的设计实例,分析了水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(CFG桩)的特性,指出了水泥粉煤灰碎石桩使用时须注意的要点。 相似文献
87.
Fine round gravel soil is widely employed in the subgrade of high speed railways in cold regions to prevent frost heaving
and thawing. The lower the fines content in fine round gravel soil, the smaller the quantities of frost heaving and thawing,
but compaction difficulty increases. This study is to obtain the optimum fines content and limited frost heaving and
thawing. The fine round gravel soil filling (FRGSF) used in the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line is taken as the
study object. Influence of fines content on optimum water content, maximum dry density and frost heaving properties of
FRGSF were studied by means of compaction and frost heaving tests. Results show that the maximum dry density of the
FRGSF increases first and then decreases with an increase of fines content, namely there is an optimum fines content for
easy compaction. The method of surface-vibratory instrument is fit for coarse-grained soils, and wet state of
coarse-grained soil is in favor of compaction. Considering the relationship of fines content with maximum dry density and
the frost heaving ratio of FRGSF, the fines content should be limited to within the range of 9%-10%, so that the frost
heaving ratio is less than 1%, and the FRGSF is easily compacted. Water supply is proved to be an important factor influencing
the amount of frost heaving of FRGSF. We also conclude that in the field, it is imperative to control waterproofing
and drainage measures. 相似文献
88.
David J. Milan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(14):1623-1641
This paper provides comprehensive evidence that sediment routing around pools is a key mechanism for pool‐riffle maintenance in sinuous upland gravel‐bed streams. The findings suggest that pools do not require a reversal in energy for them to scour out any accumulated sediments, if little or no sediments are fed into them. A combination of clast tracing using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and bedload traps (positioned along the thalweg on the upstream riffle, pool entrance, pool exit and downstream riffle) are used to provide information on clast pathways and sediment sorting through a single pool‐riffle unit. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is also used to explore hydraulic variability and flow pathways. Clast tracing results provide a strong indication that clasts are not fed through pools, rather they are transported across point bar surfaces, or around bar edges (depending upon previous clast position, clast size, and event magnitude). Spatial variations in bedload transport were found throughout the pool‐riffle unit. The pool entrance bedload trap was often found to be empty, when the others had filled, further supporting the notion that little or no sediment was fed into the pool. The pool exit slope trap would occasionally fill with sediment, thought to be sourced from the eroding outer bank. CFD results demonstrate higher pool shear stresses (τ ≈ 140 N m–2) in a localized zone adjacent to an eroding outer bank, compared to the upstream and downstream riffles (τ ≈ 60 N m–2) at flows of 6 · 2 m3 s–1 (≈ 60% of the bankfull discharge) and above. There was marginal evidence for near‐bed velocity reversal. Near‐bed streamlines, produced from velocity vectors indicate that flow paths are diverted over the bar top rather than being fed through the thalweg. Some streamlines appear to brush the outer edge of the pool for the 4 · 9 m3 s–1 to 7 · 8 m3 s–1 (between 50 and 80% of the bankfull discharge) simulations, however complete avoidance was found for discharges greater than this. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
The papers in this special issue reflect several of the major themes and topics from the 7th International Workshop on Gravel‐Bed Rivers. The papers focus primarily on aspects of bed material transport in gravel‐bed rivers and larger scale morpho‐dynamics. Research in gravel‐bed rivers is increasingly integrating processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales by combining field observation, lab experimentation, numerical modeling and theory testing in a range of river types, aided by new technological developments in particle tracking, computational modeling and high resolution spatial data. This is leading to greater understanding of the processes leading to distinctive morpho‐dynamics of river types and a more reliable basis for river management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
90.