Comments on “Steady- and transient-state inversion in hydrogeology by successive flux estimation” by P. Pasquier and D. Marcotte     

Giansilvio Ponzini  Mauro GiudiciChiara Vassena 《Advances in water resources》2007

Pasquier and Marcotte [Pasquier P, Marcotte D. Steady- and transient-state inversion in hydrogeology by successive flux estimation. Adv Wat Res 2006;29:1934–52] propose some modifications to the Comparison Model Method (CMM), in order to apply it to transient 3D ground water flow data for conductivity identification. We present some remarks on that paper to improve the comprehension of the basic features of the CMM and of the real value of the novelties introduced by Pasquier and Marcotte.  相似文献   

Analytical models of contaminant transport in coastal aquifers     

Diogo T. Bolster  Daniel M. Tartakovsky  Marco Dentz 《Advances in water resources》2007

The Henry formulation, which couples subsurface flow and salt transport via a variable-density flow formulation, can be used to evaluate the extent of sea water intrusion into coastal aquifers. The coupling gives rise to nontrivial flow patterns that are very different from those observed in inland aquifers. We investigate the influence of these flow patterns on the transport of conservative contaminants in a coastal aquifer. The flow is characterized by two dimensionless parameters: the Péclet number, which compares the relative effects of advective and dispersive transport mechanisms, and a coupling parameter, which describes the importance of the salt water boundary on the flow. We focus our attention on two regimes – low and intermediate Péclet number flows. Two transport scenarios are solved analytically by means of a perturbation analysis. The first, a natural attenuation scenario, describes the flushing of a contaminant from a coastal aquifer by clean fresh water, while the second, a contaminant spill scenario, considers an isolated point source.  相似文献   

Coarsening of three-dimensional structured and unstructured grids for subsurface flow     

Jørg Espen Aarnes  Vera Louise Hauge  Yalchin Efendiev 《Advances in water resources》2007

We present a generic, semi-automated algorithm for generating non-uniform coarse grids for modeling subsurface flow. The method is applicable to arbitrary grids and does not impose smoothness constraints on the coarse grid. One therefore avoids conventional smoothing procedures that are commonly used to ensure that the grids obtained with standard coarsening procedures are not too rough. The coarsening algorithm is very simple and essentially involves only two parameters that specify the level of coarsening. Consequently the algorithm allows the user to specify the simulation grid dynamically to fit available computer resources, and, e.g., use the original geomodel as input for flow simulations. This is of great importance since coarse grid-generation is normally the most time-consuming part of an upscaling phase, and therefore the main obstacle that has prevented simulation workflows with user-defined resolution. We apply the coarsening algorithm to a series of two-phase flow problems on both structured (Cartesian) and unstructured grids. The numerical results demonstrate that one consistently obtains significantly more accurate results using the proposed non-uniform coarsening strategy than with corresponding uniform coarse grids with roughly the same number of cells.  相似文献   

Multi-scale modeling of three-phase–three-component processes in heterogeneous porous media     

J. Niessner  R. Helmig 《Advances in water resources》2007

Flow and transport processes in porous media occur on different spatial and temporal scales and may also be locally different. Additionally, the structure of the porous medium itself generally shows a high dependence on the spatial scale.  相似文献   

Flow and deposition of pyroclastic granular flows: A type example from the 1975 Ngauruhoe eruption,New Zealand     

Gert Lube  Shane J. Cronin  Thomas Platz  Armin Freundt  Jonathan N. Procter  Cargill Henderson  Michael F. Sheridan 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

Small-volume pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are generated frequently during explosive eruptions with little warning. Assessing their hazard requires a physical understanding of their transport and sedimentation processes which is best achieved by the testing of experimental and numerical models of geophysical mass flows against natural flows and/or deposits. To this end we report on one of the most detailed sedimentological studies ever carried out on a series of pristine small-volume PDC deposits from the 1975 eruption of Ngauruhoe volcano, whose emplacement were also witnessed during eruption. Using high-resolution GPS surveys, a series of lateral excavations across the deposits, and bulk sedimentological analysis we constrained the geomorphology, internal structure and texture of the deposits with respect to laterally varying modes of deposition.  相似文献   

Magmatic structures in the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex,Bohemian Massif: evidence for localized multiphase flow and small-scale thermal–mechanical instabilities in a granitic magma chamber     

Jiří Žák  Josef Klomínský 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

The present paper examines magmatic structures in the Jizera and Liberec granites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif. The magmatic structures are here interpreted to preserve direct field evidence for highly localized magma flow and other processes in crystal-rich mushes, and to capture the evolution of physical processes in an ancient granitic magma chamber. We propose that after chamber-wide mixing and hybridization, as suggested by recent petrological studies, laminar magma flow became highly localized to weaker channel-like domains within the higher-strength crystal framework. Mafic schlieren formed at flow rims, and their formation presumably involved gravitational settling and velocity gradient flow sorting coupled with interstitial melt escape. Local thermal or compositional convection may have resulted in the formation of vertical schlieren tubes and ladder dikes whereas subhorizontal tubes or channels formed during flow driven by lateral gradients in magma pressure. After the cessation or deceleration of channel flow, gravity-driven processes (settling of crystals and enclaves, gravitational differentiation, development of downward dripping instabilities), accompanied by compaction, filter pressing and melt segregation, dominated in the crystal mush within the flow channels. Subsequently, magmatic folds developed in schlieren layers and the magma chamber recorded complex, late magmatic strains at high magma crystallinities. Late-stage magma pulsing into localized submagmatic cracks represents the latest events of magmatic history of the chamber prior to its final crystallization. We emphasize that the most favorable environments for the formation and preservation of magmatic structures, such as those hosted in the Jizera and Liberec granites, are slowly cooling crystal-rich mushes. Therefore, where preserved in plutons, these structures may lend strong support for a “mush model” of magmatic systems.  相似文献   

Magnetic petrology of the 1991–1995 dacite lava of Unzen volcano,Japan: Degree of oxidation and implications for the growth of lava domes     

Takeshi Saito  Naoto Ishikawa  Hiroki Kamata 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

To understand the oxidation state and process of oxidation of lava domes, we carried out magnetic petrological analyses of lava samples obtained from domes and block-and-ash-flow deposits associated with the 1991–1995 eruption of Unzen volcano, Japan. As a result, we recognize three different types of magnetic petrology, each related to deuteric high-temperature oxidation during initial cooling. Type A oxides are characterized by homogenous titanomagnetite and titanohematite, indicating a low oxidation state and high titanomagnetite concentrations. Type B oxides are weakly exsolved and contain titanohematite laths and rutile lenses, indicating a higher oxidation state. Type C oxides, which represent the highest oxidation state, are completely exsolved and composed of Ti-poor titanomagnetite, titanohematite, rutile, and pseudobrookite, indicating high hematite concentrations. Some grains in Types A and B show indications of reduction, which was related to interaction with volcanic gases subsequent to high-temperature oxidation. In terms of geological occurrence, the oxidation processes probably differed for endogenous and exogenous domes. Endogenous dome lavas are oxidized concentrically and are classified into the three types according to their location within the dome: samples from the surface are strongly oxidized and classified as Type C, while the inner part is unoxidized and classified as Type A. Exogenous dome lavas are unoxidized and assigned to Type A. Some samples show signs of reduction, which may have occurred around fumaroles. We propose that location within the dome and the process of dome growth are the factors that control oxidation.  相似文献   

江苏省锡山市西部地区地下水资源计算模型研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈锁忠  黄家柱  阎国年 《地质科学》2002,37(1):96-103

从地下水运动均衡原理的角度分析江苏省锡山市西部地区第Ⅱ承压含水层天然和现状开采条件下的地下水均衡要素.揭示了该区地下水开采与地面沉降的关系,其中现状开采条件下的75%～80%的开采量来自于粘性土层的压密水量.根据地面沉降的发生机理剖析地面沉降严重发育地区忽略地面沉降影响因子建立的地下水资源计算模型中存在的问题针对存在的问题,提出了地下水可开采资源合理的计算方法,并对融有地面沉降影响因子的地下水资源计算模型的可实现性进行了分析.  相似文献   

地下水位升降对某场地地基土承载力的影响     

丘宏 《华东地质学院学报》2002,25(3):240-243

通过工程实例，分析了对比地下水位升降对地基土的物理力学性质的影响，定量地总结了地下水位上升对地基土承载力的削弱情况。  相似文献   

河南桐柏老湾金矿床地质特征及成因探讨   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张宗恒  方国松  侯海燕  马宏卫  侯万荣 《黄金地质》2002,8(3):20-26

老湾金矿属剪切带型金矿床，矿体的分布受Riedel剪切裂隙系统控制，成矿流体具低盐度，弱碱性及较高矿化度的混合水特点，区内的龟山岩组是原始矿源层，燕山期老湾花岗岩提供了部分热源，水源及成矿物质，Au主要是以Au-S,Au-Si配合物形式迁移，其次是被硅胶吸附呈胶体状态迁移，而成矿流体的温度，压力,pH值降低，氧化还原电位的改变和电解质加入引起的凝胶作用是导致Au沉淀的重要因素。  相似文献