Very-low-temperature record of the subduction process: A review of worldwide lawsonite eclogites   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Tatsuki Tsujimori  Virginia B. Sisson  Juhn G. Liou  George E. Harlow  Sorena S. Sorensen 《Lithos》2006,92(3-4):609-624

Lawsonite eclogites preserve a record of very-low-temperature conditions in subduction zones. All occur at active margin settings, typically characterized by accretionary complexes lithologies and as tectonic blocks within serpentinite-matrix mélange. Peak lawsonite-eclogite facies mineral assemblages (garnet + omphacite + lawsonite + rutile) typically occur in prograde-zoned garnet porphyroblasts. Their matrix is commonly overprinted by higher-temperature epidote-bearing assemblages; greenschist- or amphibolite-facies conditions erase former lawsonite-eclogite relics. Various pseudomorphs after lawsonite occur, particularly in some blueschist/eclogite transitional facies rocks. Coesite-bearing lawsonite-eclogite xenoliths in kimberlitic pipes and lawsonite pseudomorphs in some relatively low-temperature ultrahigh-pressure eclogites are known. Using inclusion assemblages in garnet, lawsonite eclogites can be classified into two types: L-type, such as those from Guatemala and British Columbia, contain garnet porphyroblasts that grew only within the lawsonite stability field and E-type, such as from the Dominican Republic, record maximum temperature in the epidote-stability field.

Formation and preservation of lawsonite eclogites requires cold subduction to mantle depths and rapid exhumation. The earliest occurrences of lawsonite-eclogite facies mineral assemblages are Early Paleozoic in Spitsbergen and the New England fold belt of Australia; this suggests that since the Phanerozoic, secular cooling of Earth and subduction-zone thermal structures evolved the necessary high pressure/temperature conditions. Buoyancy of serpentinite and oblique convergence with a major strike-slip component may facilitate the exhumation of lawsonite eclogites from mantle depths.  相似文献   

Experimental calibration of sapphirine–spinel Fe–Mg exchange thermometer: Implication for constraints on P–T condition of Howard Hills, Napier Complex, East Antarctica     

Kei Sato  Tomoharu Miyamoto  Toshisuke Kawasaki 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(4):398-408

The Fe²⁺–Mg distribution coefficients between sapphirine and spinel:were experimentally determined at pressures of 9–13 kbar and temperatures of 950–1150 °C using a natural ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulite with paragenesis of these minerals from the Napier Complex in East Antarctica [X_Mg = Mg / (Fe + Mg); X_Fe = Fe / (Fe + Mg)]. A new sapphirine–spinel geothermometer has been obtained as:

We applied the exchange thermometer to UHT or high-grade metamorphic rocks that were reported from various complexes in the world. If the K_D values of 2.63–4.34 obtained from low-Cr mineral pairs such as X_Cr^Spr < 0.016 and X_Cr^Spl < 0.047 were substituted into the equation, their temperature conditions would be estimated as 806–1050 °C at 11 kbar. The X_Cr means Cr / (Al + Cr(+ Fe³⁺)). These temperatures are reasonable retrograde or near peak metamorphic condition.  相似文献   

Thermal evolution of the Lesser Himalaya, central Nepal: Insights from K-white micas compositional variation     

Lalu Prasad Paudel  Kazunori Arita 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(4):409-425

The Lesser Himalayan low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks in central Nepal are rich in K-white micas occurring as porphyroclasts and in matrix defining S₁ and S₂. Porphyroclasts are usually zoned with celadonite-poor cores and celadonite-rich rims. The cores are the relics of igneous or high grade metamorphic muscovites, and the rims were re-equilibrated or overgrown under lower T metamorphic conditions. The matrix K-white micas defining S₁, pre-dating the Main Central Thrust activity, are generally celadonite-rich. They show heterogeneous compositional zoning with celadonite-rich cores and celadonite-poor rims. They were recrystallized at lower T condition prior to the Main Central Thrust activity, most probably prior to the India–Asia collision (pre-Himalayan metamorphism). The matrix K-white micas along S₂, synchronous to the Main Central Thrust activity (Neohimalayan metamorphism), are relatively celadonite-poor and were recrystallized under relatively higher T condition. K-white micas defining S₁ also were partially re-equilibrated during the Neohimalayan metamorphism. The average compositions of recrystallized K-white micas defining both S₁ and S₂ become gradually poor in (Fe + Mg)- and Si-contents and rich in Al- and Ti-contents from south to north showing an increase of metamorphic grade from structurally lower to higher parts in the Lesser Himalaya. This shows that the metamorphism is inverted throughout the inner Lesser Himalaya. The tectono-metamorphic significance of the published K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar / ³⁹Ar K-white micas ages from the Lesser Himalaya need re-evaluation in the context of observed intrasample compositional variation and zoning, and possible higher closure temperature (500 °C) for K–Ar system.  相似文献   

Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Achankovil Zone: Implications for the correlation of crustal blocks in southern India   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Shunsuke Ishii  Toshiaki Tsunogae  M. Santosh 《Gondwana Research》2006,10(1-2):99

The Achankovil Zone of southern India, a NW–SE trending lineament of 8–10 km in width and > 100 km length, is a kinematically debated crustal feature, considered to mark the boundary between the Madurai Granulite Block in the north and the Trivandrum Granulite Block in the south. Both these crustal blocks show evidence for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism during the Pan-African orogeny, although the exhumation styles are markedly different. The Achankovil Zone is characterized by discontinuous strands of cordierite-bearing gneiss with an assemblage of cordierite + garnet + quartz + plagioclase + spinel + ilmenite + magnetite ± orthopyroxene ± biotite ± K-feldspar ± sillimanite. The lithology preserves several peak and post-peak metamorphic assemblages including: (1) orthopyroxene + garnet, (2) perthite and/or anti-perthite, (3) cordierite ± orthopyroxene corona around garnet, and (4) cordierite + quartz symplectite after garnet. We estimate the peak metamorphic conditions of these rocks using orthopyroxene-bearing geothermobarometers and feldspar solvus which yield 8.5–9.5 kbar and 940–1040 °C, the highest P–T conditions so far recorded from the Achankovil Zone. The retrograde conditions were obtained from cordierite-bearing geothermobarometers at 3.5–4.5 kbar and 720 ± 60 °C. From orthopyroxene chemistry, we record a multistage exhumation history for these rocks, which is closely comparable with those reported in recent studies from the Madurai Granulite Block, but different from those documented from the Trivandrum Granulite Block. An evaluation of the petrologic and geochronologic data, together with the nature of exhumation paths leads us to propose that the Achankovil Zone is probably the southern flank of the Madurai Granulite Block, and not a unit of the Trivandrum Granulite Block as presently believed. Post-tectonic alkali granites that form an array of “suturing plutons” along the margin of the Madurai Granulite Block and within the Achankovil Zone, but are absent in the Trivandrum Granulite Block, suggest that the boundary between the Madurai Granulite Block and the Trivandrum Granulite Block might lie along the Tenmalai shear zone at the southern extremity of the Achankovil Zone.  相似文献   

Composite nature of the North China Granulite-Facies Belt: Tectonothermal and geochronological constraints   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13  

Guochun Zhao  Min Sun  Simon A. Wilde  Li Sanzhong  Shuwen Liu  Jian Zhang 《Gondwana Research》2006,9(3):337-348

Granulite-facies rocks are intermittently exposed in a roughly E–W trending belt that extends for approximately 2000 km across the North China Craton, from the Helanshan, Qianlishan, Wulashan–Daqingshan, Guyang and Jining Complexes in the Western Block, through the Huai'an, Hengshan, Xuanhua and Chengde Complexes in the Trans-North China Orogen, to the Jianping (Western Liaoning), Eastern Hebei, Northern Liaoning and Southern Jilin Complexes in the Eastern Block. The belt is generally referred to as the North China Granulite-Facies Belt, previously interpreted as the lowest part of an obliquely exposed crust of the North China Craton. Recent data indicate that the North China Granulite-Facies Belt is not a single terrane. Instead, it represents components of three separate terranes: the Eastern and Western Blocks and Trans-North China Orogen. Each of these units records different metamorphic histories and reflect the complex tectonic evolution of the NCC during the late Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Mafic granulites in the Eastern Block and the Yinshan Terrane (Western Block) underwent medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at about 2.5 Ga, with anticlockwise P–T paths involving near isobaric cooling following peak metamorphism, reflecting an origin related to intrusion and underplating of mantle-derived magmas. Pelitic granulites in the Khondalite Belt (Western Block) underwent medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at about 2.0–1.9 Ga, with clockwise P–T paths, which record the Paleoproterozoic amalgamation of the Yinshan and Ordos Terranes to form the Western Block. Mafic and pelitic granulites in the Trans-North China Orogen experienced high- to medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism at 1.85 Ga, with clockwise P–T paths involving nearly isothermal decompression following peak metamorphism, which are in accord with the final collision between the Eastern and Western Blocks to form the North China Craton at 1.8 Ga. The NCGB cannot therefore represent a separate unique terrane; instead it reflects the amalgamation of three separate granulite terranes that evolved independently and at different times.  相似文献   

内蒙古色尔腾山地区花岗绿岩带糜棱岩变形变质过程探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡玲宋鸿林  翟裕生苏尚国 肖荣阁 《岩石矿物学杂志》2006,25(1):53-60

采用不同研究方法分析和解读岩石和矿物的显微构造特征，能再造结晶基底岩石复杂的变形和变质演化过程和条件。通过对色尔腾山地区花岗绿岩带中韧性剪切带的糜棱岩显微构造、石英组构、矿物化学等综合分析，发现该区糜棱岩在经历了低角闪岩相区域变质及绿帘角闪岩相退变质变形之后，发生了不均匀进变质重结晶作用及中低绿片岩相退变质变形等几个演化阶段。由不同阶段温压条件所限定的p-T演化轨迹为一个在早期顺时针的基础上叠加了一个晚期逆时针环的复杂图像。  相似文献   

北大别片麻岩的超高压变质证据——来自锆石提供的信息   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

刘贻灿  李曙光  徐树桐  古晓锋 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1827-1832

本文对北大别片麻岩锆石中矿物包体及年代学进行了研究,首次发现了北大别片麻岩的超高压变质作用证据。结合阴极发光图像和同位素定年,片麻岩锆石中矿物包体组合至少可分出三期:(1)原岩岩浆矿物组合,即斜长石、黑云母、石英和磷灰石;(2)超高压变质矿物组合,即金刚石、石榴子石和金红石等;(3)麻粒岩相退变质矿物组合,如透辉石等。其中,金刚石和石榴子石主要以包体形式被包裹于透辉石中,而透辉石是北大别麻粒岩相退变质阶段形成的代表性矿物。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,北大别片麻岩的峰期变质时代和麻粒岩相退变质时代分别为218±3Ma和199±10Ma。这些证明北大别片麻岩,如同其中的榴辉岩一样,经过了印支期超高压变质作用。  相似文献   

榴辉岩退变质过程中的微量元素地球化学行为：对CCSD主孔退变质榴辉岩的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

张斌辉刘勇胜  宗克清高山   《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1833-1844

对中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔榴辉岩退变质过程中的微量元素地球化学行为进行了研究。对退变质程度连续变化样品的不同部分的对比研究表明，流体作用下的退变质过程中大离子亲石元素（Cs、Rb、Ba、Sr、K、Th、U）和轻稀土元素表现出较大的活动性，重稀土元素和高场强元素变化相对较小。退变质后大离子亲石元素的显著增加和高场强元素、重稀土元素的轻微变化（甚至相对降低），表明与退变质作用有关的流体中的络阴离子含量很少，并不富集高场强元素和重稀土元素。退变质后总体上表现出的Si、大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素的明显变化，表明外来流体参与了榴辉岩的退变质过程，带入和带出了一些元素。结合榴辉岩中单矿物微量元素组成以及前人对D^Mineral/Fluid的研究成果，对流体-榴辉岩作用形成的退变质分带（富石英条带→角闪岩→退变质榴辉岩→新鲜榴辉岩）的微量元素组成变化进行了详细研究。结果表明在流体作用下的榴辉岩退变质过程中，大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素和高场强元素含量的变化除了受退变质流体性质的影响外，更大程度上取决于退变质过程中的矿物相（尤其是副矿物）的变化。  相似文献   

超高压变质作用过程中的流体——来自苏鲁超高压变质岩岩石学、氧同位素和流体包裹体研究的限定   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

张泽明沈昆  赵旭东石超 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1985-1998

苏鲁造山带超高压变质岩岩石学、氧同位素、流体包裹体和名义上无水矿物的研究表明，流体-岩石相互作用在大陆地壳的俯冲与折返过程中起到多重的重要作用，并形成了复杂的流体演化过程：（1）大陆表壳岩通过与高纬度大气降水的交换作用被广泛水化，并获得了异常低的氧同位素成分；（2）在水化陆壳物质的俯冲过程中发生了一系列的进变质脱水反应，所释放的流体主要结合进了高压、超高压含水矿物和名义上无水超高压矿物；（3）在超高压变质过程中，以水为主的变质流体通过选择性的吸收使其盐度逐渐升高，并在峰期出现高密度、高盐度的H2O或CO2-H2O流体。有机质的分解反应在局部形成了以CO2、N2、CH4或它们的混合物为主要成分的变质流体；（4）名义上无水超高压矿物的结构水出溶是早期退变质流体的主要来源，并在局部富集形成了高压变质脉体；（5）透入性的中、低盐度水流体活动使超高压变质岩通过一系列的水化反应转变成角闪岩相变质岩；（6）沿韧性剪切带和脆性破碎带的强烈水流体活动为绿片岩相退变质作用和低压石英脉的形成提供了变质流体；（7）可变盐度的H2O或CO2-H2O流体是整个超高压变质岩形成与折返过程中的主要流体，但局部的流体．岩石相互作用形成了非极性的变质流体。  相似文献   

黑龙江涌泉地区变质基性火山岩中钠质角闪石的成因及演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋海峰  张兴洲  王跃  冯越华 《世界地质》2006,25(1):10-15

根据野外地质特征确定出黑龙江涌泉地区具有洋壳性质的变质基性火山岩由火山熔岩和火山角砾岩两部分组成。这些基性火山岩至少发生了两期高压变质,两期高压变质形成的钠质角闪石具有不同成因。早期的钠质角闪石与岩石片理明显不协调、无方向性、在岩石中不均匀分布,可能是在佳木斯地块与松嫩地块拼合过程中形成;晚期的钠质角闪石构成了现存片理,可能与后期构造变形有关。由于后期变质、变形作用不均匀及火山角砾岩中物质成份的差异,使得部分火山熔岩和火山角砾岩中的角砾及部分胶结物早期高压变质特征得以保留。根据研究区内及相邻地区绿色片岩特征,确定绿色片岩是由经历高压变质的基性火山岩转变而形成。  相似文献