关于桥梁健康监测系统建设中几个重要环节的控制     

房宏  王伟 《北京测绘》2009,(2):57-59

随着国家和地方对桥梁健康监测的重视程度越来越高，怎样才能建立起合理、高效的桥梁健康监测系统是近来人们普遍关注的问题。本文主要阐述在监测系统建设过程中，如何对监测设备、设施的选择及位置分布；监测现场与控制中心的信息传输手段；桥梁损伤识别模型的选择；系统软件的开发策略等几个关键环节进行控制，从而达到性价比最高、且又满足监测目的要求的效果。  相似文献   

Evaluating consumer preferences for health care services in rural Australia     

《The Australian geographer》1991,22(1):44-56

Service provision to remote rural areas is extremely costly, and only likely to be effective if the services provided are appropriate and accessible to the population. To date, little is known about the attitudes of rural residents (both townsfolk and the farming population) to various services. This study examines people's attitudes towards services generally, and health services in particular, and relates their attitudes to sociodemographic variables and geographical location. The results show the overwhelming importance attributed to health services, particularly medical services, and that attitudes differ significantly according to place of residence and by age group. These findings have major implications for those responsible for formulating policies relating to service provision for rural areas.  相似文献   

PM2.5 and ozone pollution-related health challenges in Japan with regards to climate change     

《Global Environmental Change》2023

The degradation of air quality, an environmental consequence of anthropogenic activities, poses a challenge to human health. However, the corresponding control measures incur additional costs. This study presents an analysis of the health and socioeconomic benefits of air quality control measures and climate change mitigation. Multidisciplinary modelling was used for PM_2.5 and ozone distribution to analyze the co-benefits of end-of-pipe measures and electrification as well as their period-specific impacts on human health and the economy. The results indicated that the long-term impacts of end-of-pipe technologies and electrification in Japan's residential, building, and transportation sectors could reduce premature deaths, caused by PM_2.5 and ozone pollution, by 65,500 annually from 2010 to 2050. These technologies could save a per capita work hour loss of 3.64 h and avoid an economic loss of 5.43 billion USD by 2050. This study predicted climate actions would enable western Japan to benefit from PM_2.5 control measures, whereas the entire country would benefit from ozone pollution reduction.  相似文献   

Scenario-based earthquake loss estimation for the city of Cairo,Egypt     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(2):92-112

This paper describes a multi-tiered loss assessment methodology to estimate seismic monetary implications resulting from structural damage to the building population in Greater Cairo. After outlining a ground-shaking model, data on geological structures and surface soil conditions are collated using a considerable number of boreholes to produce a classification of different soil deposits. An inventory database for the existing building stock is also prepared. The seismic vulnerability of representative reinforced concrete building models, designed according to prevalent codes and construction practices, is evaluated. Capacity spectrum methods are utilised for assessing the structural performance through a multi-level damage scale. A simplified methodology for deriving fragility curves for non-ductile reinforced concrete building classes that typically constitute the building population of the city is adopted. In addition, suitable fragility functions for unreinforced masonry constructions are selected and used for completing the loss model for the study area. The results are finally used to build an event-based loss model caused by possible earthquakes in the region.  相似文献   

海洋微塑料研究挑战与展望          下载免费PDF全文

孙承君  丁金凤  高丰蕾  李景喜 《海洋科学进展》2022,40(4):717-724

海洋微塑料污染是全球共同面对的重要环境问题之一。过去10 a,海洋微塑料研究发展迅速,但也暴露出一些亟待解决的关键科学问题,包括突破小粒径微塑料和纳米塑料的检测技术瓶颈、建立标准化的微纳塑料分析检测方法、优化海洋微塑料输运模型以及完善生态风险评估方案等。本文简要概述了近海、大洋和极地微塑料污染的现状,总结了海洋微塑料研究在样品采集和检测分析方面存在的挑战、在海洋微塑料存量估算和海洋微塑料输运模拟及生态风险评估方面存在的不足等,并展望了海洋微塑料未来研究方向,旨在为海洋微塑料常规监测、科学研究、风险评估和治理管控等方面提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

Health Concerns Related to Consumption of Fish from Anzali Wetland          下载免费PDF全文

Negin Salamat  Khadijeh Khalifi  Abdolali Movahedinia 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(2):115-123

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Using of the Ornamental Fish in Wastewater Biological Treatment     

Nourhène Saidi  Chedia Jabeur  Amina Bakhrouf 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(5):499-505

Breeding ornamental fish in wastewater was a successful solution not only to decrease sanitary risks but also to encourage fish growth. In fact, the secondary treated effluent was used to grow a walking catfish (Clarias batrachus), a western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis; Poeciliidae), and a leopard pleco (Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps). The growth rate of fish reared in final treated wastewater was significantly higher than of treated effluent (25 and 50%) and the relative growth rate during 2 months reached 2, 4, and 2.5, respectively. Bacterial loads were important in the gills compared to other fish organs (intestine, skin, and edible muscles). However, the total aerobic germs ranged between 2 × 10³ and 3.4 × 10³ cfu/g in the edible fish species cultured in secondary treated effluent. The pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila was absent in all examined fish muscles. However, the presence of tested fishes did not prevent the reduction of the treatment biological parameter (BOD and COD) at half, in the three treated wastewater proportions (25, 50, and 100%) and thereafter, they clearly participated to the tertiary biological treatment of used water. Further bacteriological and physico‐chemical analyses indicated that the use of treated wastewater in aquaculture is safe and risks to human health are reduced.  相似文献   

Determination of Selected Endocrine Disrupter Compounds at Trace Levels in Sewage Sludge Samples     

Münire Selcen Sönmez  Melis Muz  Okan Tarık Komesli  Sezgin Bakırdere  Celal Ferdi Gökçay 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):980-985

Simultaneous determination of endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs), namely diltiazem, progesterone, benzylbutylphthalate (BBP), estrone, and carbamazepine (Cbz) were performed by using high performance LC–electrospray tandem MS. The ultrasound‐aided sequential extraction of sludge samples was optimized to increase extraction efficiencies of the analytes; ranging between 93.0–98.3% recovery. The limit of detection values for diltiazem, progesterone, BBP, estrone, and Cbz were found as 0.78, 0.72, 0.24, 0.75, and 0.72 µg/kg, respectively. Sludge samples taken from Ankara Tatlar; Hurma, Lara and Kemer of Antalya, and Middle East Technical University‐vacuum rotating membrane wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) aeration tanks were analyzed for their EDCs contents under optimized conditions. Diltiazem was found in all the samples in the range between 116.4–180.8 ng/g while progesterone and estrone were not detected in any of the samples analyzed with the exception of Tatlar WWTP. The BBP concentration was between beyond detection and 9195.5 ng/g. In addition, Cbz was found in all the samples ranging from 25.6 to 118.8 ng/g.  相似文献   

Bioreduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Live and Active Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Kinetics and Modeling     

Somasundaram Murugavelh  Kaustubha Mohanty 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(7):746-751

In this work the potential of live and active Phanerochaete chryosporium, a white rot fungi, to remove lower Cr(VI) concentration from aqueous solutions was reported for the first time. A medium pH had significant effect on the growth of the fungus and bioremoval of Cr(VI). Substrate inhibition on the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was evident beyond 20 g L^?1 of dextrose concentration. A maximum biomass concentration of 15.64 g L^?1 was obtained for an initial dextrose concentration of 20 g L^?1 in metal free medium at pH 6.0. An increase in Cr(VI) concentration beyond 10 mg L^?1 inhibited the growth of the fungi, thereby, reducing the chromium bioremoval efficiency. A maximum reduction efficiency of 98.92% was reported for an initial metal concentration of 10 mg L^?1. A mathematical expression for the bioreduction of Cr(VI) considering the organic compounds in the cells was proposed.  相似文献   

Potential Risk Assessment of Metal Consumption in Food Crops Irrigated with Wastewater          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad U. Khan  Said Muhammad  Riffat N. Malik 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(10):1415-1422

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