上地幔变黏度小尺度对流的数值研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

叶正仁  王建 《地球物理学报》2003,46(3):335-339

基于二维模型，利用有限元方法，研究上地幔-岩石圈系统的变黏度小尺度对流. 考虑该系统的黏度随温度以指数形式变化，数值结果表明，当黏度随温度变化较剧烈时，由于低温高黏度，系统的最上部物质不参与对流，系统发育形成一个类似于岩石圈的静止盖层. 计算表面热流、地形起伏及重力异常与对流格局有较好的相关性，高热流、上升地形对应于对流的上升区，反之低热流、下降地形与对流的下降区对应.  相似文献   

耦合海-气环流模式中双热带辐合带现象及其热收支分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李江龙  张学洪  俞永强  戴福山 《气象学报》2003,61(1):39-51

文中研究了耦合海-气环流模式中的双热带辐合带(Double ITCZ)现象,并对这一现象的成因从海洋热量收支的角度进行了初步分析。Double ITCZ现象是在热带太平洋赤道南北两侧各出现一条ITCZ的现象,这是耦合海-气环流模式中的较为普遍的一种异常现象,与实际气候中出现的Double ITCZ现象并非指同一问题。文中对比观测和模式结果,指出了Double ITCZ现象的主要特征,针对它的出现过程进行细致分析,再利用模式输出的热量收支各项进行统计,得到了从海洋热收支分析得到的海表温度变化原因。与观测到的正常模态相比,Double ITCZ是一个异常的模态,它的特征突出地表现为西太平洋暖池区的降温和东南太平洋10°S附近的升温。海洋热量收支分析表明,暖池区的降温主要是受到扩散的作用,而表层平流的异常增暖在决定异常辐合带区升温过程中占第一位的作用。  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠东南缘降尘粒度特征和沉积速率   总被引：15，自引：9，他引：15  

消洪浪  张继贤 《中国沙漠》1997,17(2):127-132

从多年降尘实测资料入手，分析了粉尘粒度特征、沉积速率和时变过程。提出了气象要素相关估测模型．确定０．２５ｍｍ为本区粉尘沉积粒径上限。周围沙漠是粉尘沉积细砂部分的尘源，粉砂和粘土部分沉积来自一个较大的时空范围，二者几乎各占降尘量的１／２。研究区年平均粉尘沉积速率４３５８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，每年５月的季风转期具有年内最大沉积速率。  相似文献   

Doubtful Events Reported in Current Italian Earthquake Catalogues: The Medieval Earthquakes of Subiaco (Central Italy)     

Di Giovambattista  Rita  Tertulliani  Andrea  Zaccaria  Mari 《Natural Hazards》1997,16(1):39-55

Within the framework of a study of the seismicity of the Aniene Valley (Central Italy), we analysed the medieval earthquakes of Subiaco (1216, 1227, 1299), the largest events reported for the area. Our main goal was to investigate some doubtful events reported in earthquake catalogues and, as such, currently utilised for seismic hazard estimates. A careful screening of the oldest available sources and their filiation pattern up to the present pointed out the uncertainty on the date and nature of these phenomena. A multidisciplinary approach based on the joint analysis of archaeological, geomorphologic and historical evidence allowed us to propose new interpretations concerning these events and their significance for the assessment of seismic hazard in the Aniene Valley. The main conclusion is that the dates of the 1216 and 1227 events are fairly unsupported. In particular, the 1216 earthquake could be dated back to between AD 1159 and 1181.  相似文献   

赣中(崇仁-东乡)重力场特征及其对温泉热源的控制     

曹俊昌  龚育龄徐方 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(2):166-169

断裂构造能够引起重力场的异常分布，温泉热源的形成和空间展布主要受深大断裂、基底构造等地质因素控制。基于这一思路，根据该区重力资料，结合地质及其它地球物理资料对深部地质结构做了一些探讨。对重力资料进行了一些处理，挖掘深部地质信息，根据所得信息推断出了一些基底断裂，有一些是本次重力结果新发现的断裂。此外，还证实了前人已圈定的断裂构造，这些构造在控热、导热作用方面起着重要作用，深大断裂、基底构造它们交汇部位附近是寻找温泉热源的有利地区。  相似文献   

三江源地区水资源的涵养和保护   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马致远 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

分析了三江源区水资源现状,论述了建立水资源三级保护区的意义、作用和划分方案,实施林草植被的保护和恢复的水文生态效益及健全水资源补偿机制的必要性。  相似文献   

青藏高原对亚洲夏季风爆发位置及强度的影响   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

梁潇云  刘屹岷  吴国雄 《气象学报》2005,63(5):799-805

通过数值模拟,研究了青藏高原位于不同经度位置时,亚洲夏季风的爆发和演变情况,从动力和热力学角度分析了青藏高原大地形对亚洲夏季风爆发位置的影响。结果表明,青藏高原的“热力滑轮”作用引起:高原东南面热带陆地上空的偏南气流加强,降水增加,凝结潜热加强;高原西南面热带陆地上空出现偏北气流,降水减弱,陆面的感热加热加强。青藏高原对于亚洲夏季风的爆发地点有锚定的作用,在热带海陆分布的背景下,使亚洲夏季风首先在高原东南面的海洋东岸—陆地西岸爆发,并使亚洲季风降水重新分布。  相似文献   

施工降水中的环境保护及水资源合理利用     

钟士国 《岩土工程技术》2005,19(2):101-105

城市缺水是目前带有普遍性的重大问题 ,但在城市建设过程中 ,宝贵的地下水资源遭到浪费的现象又大量存在 ,解决好施工降水与环境保护问题是关系到城市发展的重要问题之一 ,结合郑州市的工程实践 ,谈谈施工降水中的环境保护及水资源合理利用问题。  相似文献   

Effects of calculation procedure and sampling site on trap method estimates of sediment resuspension in a shallow lake   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JUKKA HORPPILA  LEENA NURMINEN 《Sedimentology》2005,52(4):903-913

Resuspension estimates given by two different trap methods in a shallow lake were compared. The sensitivity of the methods to errors in estimates of gross sedimentation and organic fraction of trapped material was explored. The methods were label method, in which resuspension is estimated by determining the organic fraction of surface sediment, suspended seston and trapped material, and SPIM/SPM method, where the relationship between settling particulate inorganic matter (SPIM) and total settling particulate matter (SPM) is used. During the whole 111 day study period, according to the label method, at a sheltered station 1949 g m⁻² dry weight of sediment was resuspended, whereas SPIM/SPM gave an estimate of 1815 g m⁻². The difference in the estimates was probably due to mineralization loss of organic material in the traps during the two week exposure periods. Sensitivity analysis showed that of the two methods, the label method was more sensitive to variations in the organic content of trapped material. At a wind-exposed station, the total amounts of resuspended matter given by the label method and by the SPIM/SPM method were 4966 g m⁻² and 4971 g m⁻², respectively. Due to wind effects, escape of trapped material took place, which caused underestimation of gross sedimentation and compensated the effects of mineralization loss to diminish the difference between the methods. Of the two methods, the SPIM/SPM method seems thus more suitable for lakes, where bacterial activity is high. If cyanobacterial blooms take place, the label method is probably more reliable, providing that the exposure time of sediment traps is kept adequately short.  相似文献   

Origin and evolution of Pliocene–Pleistocene granites from the Larderello geothermal field (Tuscan Magmatic Province, Italy)     

A. Dini  G. Gianelli  M. Puxeddu  G. Ruggieri   《Lithos》2005,81(1-4):1-31

Extensive, mainly acidic peraluminous magmatism affected the Tuscan Archipelago and the Tuscan mainland since late Miocene, building up the Tuscan Magmatic Province (TMP) as the Northern Apennine fold belt was progressively thinned, heated and intruded by mafic magmas. Between 3.8 and 1.3 Ma an intrusive complex was built on Larderello area (Tuscan mainland) by emplacement of multiple intrusions of isotopically and geochemically distinct granite magmas. Geochemical and isotopic investigations were carried out on granites cored during drilling exploration activity on the Larderello geothermal field. With respect to the other TMP granites the Larderello intrusives can be classified as two-mica granites due to the ubiquitous presence of small to moderate amounts of F-rich magmatic muscovite. They closely resemble the almost pure crustal TMP acidic rocks and do not show any of the typical petrographic features commonly observed in the TMP hybrid granites (enclaves, patchy zoning of plagioclase, amphibole clots). On the basis of major and trace elements, as well as REE patterns, two groups of granites were proposed: LAR-1 granites (3.8–2.3 Ma) originated by biotite-muscovite breakdown, and LAR-2 granites (2.3–1.3 Ma) generated by muscovite breakdown. At least three main crustal sources (at 14–23 km depth), characterized by distinct ε_Nd(t) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, were involved at different times, and the magmas produced were randomly emplaced at shallow levels (3–6 km depth) throughout the entire field. The partial melting of a biotite-muscovite-rich source with low ε_Nd(t) value (about −10.5) produced the oldest intrusions (about 3.8–2.5 Ma). Afterwards (2.5–2.3 Ma), new magmas were generated by another biotite-rich source having a distinctly higher ε_Nd(t) value (−7.9). Finally, a muscovite-rich source with high ε_Nd(t) (about −8.9) gave origin to the younger group of granites (2.3–1.0 Ma). The significant Sr isotope disequilibrium recorded by granites belonging to the same intrusion is interpreted, as due to the short residence time of magmas in the source region followed by their rapid transfer to the emplacement level. Partial melting was probably triggered by multiple, small-sized mafic intrusions, distributed over the last 3.8 Ma that allowed temporary overstepping of biotite- and muscovite-dehydration melting reactions into an already pre-heated crust. Dilution in time of the magmatic activity probably prevented melt mingling and homogenization at depth, as well as the formation of a single, homogeneous, hybrid pluton at the emplacement level. Moreover the high concentrations of fluxing elements (B, F, Li) estimated for the LAR granites modified melt properties by reducing solidus temperatures, decreasing viscosity and increasing H₂O solubility in granite melts. The consequences were a more efficient, fast, magma extraction and transfer from the source, and a prolonged time of crystallization at the emplacement level. These key factors explain the long-lived hydrothermal activity recorded in this area by both fossil (Plio-Quaternary ore deposits) and active (Larderello geothermal field) systems.  相似文献