Exposure of global mountain systems to climate warming during the 21st Century   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

D. Nogus-Bravo  M.B. Araújo  M.P. Errea  J.P. Martínez-Rica 《Global Environmental Change》2007,17(3-4):420-428

We provide an assessment of surface temperature changes in mountainous areas of the world using a set of climate projections at a 0.5° resolution for two 30-year periods (2040–2069 and 2070–2099), using four Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios and five AOGCM. Projected average temperature changes varied between +3.2 °C (+0.4 °C/per decade) and +2.1 °C (+0.26 °C/per decade) for 2055 and +5.3 °C (+0.48 °C/per decade) and +2.8 °C for 2085 (+0.25 °C/per decade). The temperature is expected to rise by a greater amount in higher northern latitude mountains than in mountains located in temperate and tropical zones. The rate of warming in mountain systems is projected to be two to three times higher than that recorded during the 20th century. The tendency for a greater projected warming in northern latitude mountain systems is consistent across scenarios and is in agreement with observed trends. In light of these projections, warming is considered likely to affect biodiversity (e.g., species extinctions, changes in the composition of assemblages), water resources (e.g., a reduction in the extent of glaciated areas and snow pack), and natural hazards (e.g., floods). Accurate estimate of the effects of climate change in mountain systems is difficult because of uncertainties associated with the climate scenarios and the existence of non-linear feedbacks between impacts.  相似文献   

Dinoflagellate and foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Gurpi Formation (upper Santonian–upper Maastrichtian), Zagros Mountains, Iran     

Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad  Mohammad Hadi Hobbi  Poul Schiler 《Cretaceous Research》2006,27(6):828-835

A rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblage has been recovered from an outcrop of the Gurpi Formation, the hydrocarbon source rock in the South Iranian Basin. Key dinoflagellates recorded in the section studied provide a means of correlation with zonation schemes for Australasia and north-west Europe. These include Eucladinium kaikourense, Nelsoniella aceras, Odontochitina spp., Cannosphaeropsis utinensis, Palaeocystodinium denticulatum and Dinogymnium spp. The assemblage points to a late Santonian–late Maastrichtian age for the Gurpi Formation. Dinoflagellate and planktonic foraminiferal evidence indicates the presence of a hiatus spanning the uppermost Maastrichtian to at least the lowermost Danian at the base of a glaucony-rich layer separating the Gurpi Formation from the overlying Pabdeh Formation. Palynofacies and lithofacies profiles suggest that the sediments were deposited in an open, relatively deep marine outer ramp environment belonging to ramp facies 8 and 9.  相似文献   

Digital Spectra and Analysis of Altitudinal Belts in Tianshan Mountains, China     

ZHANGBaiping MOShenguo WUHongzhi XIAOFei 《山地科学学报》2004,1(1):18-28

Based on the framework of the geo-info spectra of montane altitudinal belts, this paper firstly reviews six classification systems for the spectra of mountain altitudinal belts in China and considers that detailed regional study of altitudinal belts is the key for reaching standardization and systemization of mountain altitudinal belts. Only can this further identify and resolve problems with the study of altitudinal belts. The factors forming the spectra of altitudinal belts are analyzed in the Tianshan Mountains of China, and a digital altitudinal belt system is constructed for the northern flank, southern flank, the heartland, and Ili valley in the west. The characteristics of each belt are revealed with a summarization of the pattern of areal differentiation of altitudinal belts.  相似文献   

祁连山西段古元古代北大河岩群中斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及构造背景   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

付国民苏建平  胡能高王云斌 《中国地质》2005,32(4):541-547

以大陆碎块形式残存于北祁连造山带内部的古元古代北大河岩群早期发育有大量的斜长角闪岩,其原岩为玄武岩,Alk-∑FeO-MgO图解、REE特征、里特曼组合指数等均显示斜长角闪岩属钙碱性系列范围,个别显示弱碱性,斜长角闪岩具有较高的Al2O3、∑FeO和低的Mg#,这些特点反映其成分演化程度较高,表明火山岩的形成与古老地壳的活化有关,有较强分异的稀土元素分配模式,在Ti-Zr-Y图、Ni-FeO/MgO图解和Ta/Yb-Th/Yb图解上斜长角闪岩均显示火山弧或活动大陆边缘的特点,在玄武岩的地球化学形式图、稀土元素整体特征与钙碱性岛弧玄武岩基本相同;87Sr/86Sr=0.71617～0.72033,143Nd/144Nd=0.512414～0.512495,εNd=-2.79～-4.37.显示出壳源性质或者是受到大陆下地壳的混染作用而形成.因此推测斜长角闪岩的原岩为不同程度部分熔融的岩浆弧作用的产物,说明在古元古代华北克拉通和柴达木克拉通之间存在古洋盆的俯冲消减.  相似文献   

镇沅老王寨构造蚀变岩型金矿矿床成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨夕辉 《云南地质》2005,24(4):371-378

矿体产出受深大断裂派生的剪切断裂及脆—韧性剪切带控制明显,矿床形成具多期、多阶段和多源特征。通过对成矿流体和成矿机理的研究,笔者认为该矿床是较典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。  相似文献   

大别超高压变质地体四道河地区岩石学研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

鄢全树钟增球  周汉文 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(3):186-196

对四道河地区超高压变质岩剖面的研究分析显示,该剖面有3种岩石类型:榴辉岩类、片麻岩和面理化含榴花岗岩。榴辉岩具不同程度的退变质现象,呈透镜体状产出于斜长角闪岩、片麻岩和面理化含榴花岗岩中,原生矿物组合为石榴石、绿辉石、柯石英和金红石。榴辉岩退变为斜长角闪岩近于等化学系列;片麻岩在主量成分上与榴辉岩及其退变产物(斜长角闪岩)存在突变关系,但微量元素与榴辉岩有一定的相似性;面理化含榴花岗岩主量元素和微量元素地球化学特点为:富SiO2 、K2 O Na2 O和高价阳离子Ga、Y以及REE ,K2 O/Na2 O值低,贫Al、Ca、Mg、Ti、P ,结合构造环境、同位素及年代学资料分析,其应属于后碰撞造山A型花岗岩。基于以上认识推断:大陆板片俯冲至上地幔经历了超高压变质作用,表壳岩变质形成榴辉岩;当超高压变质岩石折返至中下地壳时发生了强烈的减压退变质作用形成斜长角闪岩,随后,与片麻岩及面理化含榴花岗岩一道从中下地壳向地表进一步折返,并一同经历了后期的变质变形作用。  相似文献   

大别山东南麓中新生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源的制约   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

李双应李任伟  孟庆任王道轩 刘因 《岩石学报》2005,21(4):1157-1166

位于大别山东南麓的安庆-潜山地区中新生代碎屑岩比较发育,主元素分析表明,砂岩主要为杂砂岩,其次是岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩。根据主元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征值分析结果,中、上三叠统和下、中侏罗统的源岩来源广泛,属于大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘构造背景,可能反映了前陆盆地物源的二元特征。古近系源岩主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧构造环境,说明物源仅来自大别山造山带。稀土元素比值及相关系数分析揭示,中晚三叠世黄马青群的源岩主要为宿松群的长英质片岩、浅粒岩以及大别杂岩,侏罗纪磨山组大致类似于大别群的花岗片麻岩,罗岭组与大别群比较类似。显示大别山造山带在中晚三叠世已经隆升并遭受剥露。  相似文献   

地震的丛集性与断裂间的相互作用:兼论祁连山东段的地震危险性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈文彬  徐锡伟  刘百篪 《地震工程学报》2000,22(2)

从地震丛集的大量实例出发 ,讨论了地震丛集与断裂间相互作用的特点、基本规律、机理问题及对地震预测的意义 ,在此基础上对祁连山断裂带东段的地震危险性进行了定性分析 ,认为 1 92 7年古浪 8.0级地震的发生对此区断裂的地震潜势产生深刻影响 .它可能暗示 :此区内的未来大震与 1 92 7年古浪地震分属两个地震丛集期 ;古浪地震的发生使得作为危险段落的金强河 毛毛山断裂上的挤压应力显著增大 ,从而延迟了未来大震的发震时间 .  相似文献   

龙门山构造带区域稳定性探讨   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

余团  何昌荣 《地震研究》2000,23(4):378-383

根据龙门山构造带的地震地质特征、地震活动规律及新构造活动特征,综合分析认为该地区区域稳定性受控于龙门山断裂带。而断裂带又以韧性切变形为主,蠕滑运动为特征,决定该带在相当长的一段时间内,发生强烈地震的可能性不大。  相似文献   

阿尔泰南缘典型块状硫化物矿床成矿环境浅析   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

廖启林  戴塔根 《地质与勘探》2000,36(6):23-26

新疆阿尔泰南缘产有较丰富的块状硫化物矿床,主要分为块状硫化物铜（锌）矿、块状硫化物铅锌矿、块状硫化物铜（金）矿等基本类型,其代表分别是阿舍勒铜（锌）矿、可可塔勒铅锌矿、乔夏哈拉铜（金）矿,通过对这些矿床基本成矿特征及其矿环境的分析对比,认为它们形成于相同的成矿大地构造背景及相近的产出环境,但又有各自的富集部位及控矿因素,找矿标志也有差别,属于阿尔泰南缘陆缘裂谷带早－中泥盆世海底火山喷流－沉积环境下形成的同一成矿系列产物。  相似文献