中国地面均一化相对湿度月值格点数据集的建立   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

赵煜飞  朱亚妮 《气象》2017,43(3):333-340

基于1951—2014年2400余个中国国家级地面气象站均一化相对湿度资料,采用薄盘样条法,进行空间内插,得到了中国地面均一化相对湿度月值0.5°×0.5°格点数据集(CR数据集)。数据集的质量评估结果表明:冬季插值误差相对夏季偏高。冬、春、夏、秋季分析值与站点实测值的插值偏差空间区域特征不显著,平均偏差分别为0.002%/月、0.013%/月、0.008%/月和0.007%/月。冬、春、夏、秋季平均相对误差分别为0.431%/月、0.439%/月、0.286%/月和0.382%/月。分析值与站点实测值间的平均相关系数达0.89。整体来看,插值后的格点化相对湿度资料能够比较准确、细致地描述我国年平均相对湿度场的东南湿、西北干的主要空间特征。能够较好地展现长江以南地区、黄河以南长江以北地区、西北地区、天山南北麓、塔里木盆地等大地形的相对湿度变化特征。由于青藏高原台站稀少,格点数据集对该地区空气相对湿度特征的刻画是否合理很难给出定性、定量的判断。通过对CR数据集进行长时间序列气候变化趋势分析,表明60年来全国平均相对湿度呈减小趋势。  相似文献   

格点资料在城市气候变化研究中的应用     

刘敏  郁珍艳  王皓 《气象与环境科学》2017,40(4):49-56

为了解浙江省城市增暖的地域差异及其受热岛效应影响的程度,对杭州、宁波、温州3个城市的气候变化趋势进行了分析。为减少观测资料的非均一性,运用最优插值法将浙江省1971—2010年62个站点资料的信息植入到NCEP月平均温度资料的背景场中,得到格距为5 km的格点资料。研究结果表明:3个城市在近40年表现出明显的增温趋势,城区增温明显快于乡村的。各地区增温率的时空变化存在一定差异,与人口密度、工业总产值、用电量及车辆拥有量等经济数据的分布及变化基本一致。沿海城市温州增温率最小,但城乡差异最明显。同样为沿海城市的宁波,由于经济发展地域差别较小,虽表现最明显的增温,但城市热岛效应最弱。3个城市的热岛效应及热岛增温贡献率均存在明显的季节变化:杭州的热岛效应呈春、夏、冬、秋依次减弱的变化规律;温州则呈春、秋、冬、夏依次减弱的变化规律;宁波类似于城市群发展的模式,导致其热岛效应较不明显,以夏季和秋季最强。城市化发展引起的增暖占有较大的比重,杭州和温州年平均气温的增加大约有1/3是由城市化引起的,其中杭州夏季热岛增温贡献率达到2/3以上,温州春、夏季热岛增温贡献率均达到43%左右,宁波城市热岛增温贡献率相对较小,夏季的最大,为20%左右。  相似文献   

A Proposed Method for Spatial Data Disaggregation and Interpolation     

Kyle D. Buck 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(1):70-79

The Model for External Reliance of Localities in (MERLIN) Coastal Management Zones is a proposed solution to allow scaling of variables to smaller, nested geographies. Using a principal components analysis and data normalization techniques, smaller scale data relationships are linked to data relationships within larger geographies and scaling factors are developed for each. In using these relationships, MERLIN will derive a set of variables scaled to a desired geography representing the attributes of the population present. The concept driving MERLIN's development is that correlations between variables at a specific location and level of geography can be tested and applied to other scales for interpolations. This flexibility and relative simplicity of calculation make MERLIN a valuable tool in many types of social research and for data interpolation. In a pilot study, the MERLIN model is applied to counties along the Gulf Coast of Florida to create a well-being index at the census tract level. Results reveal a landscape that better accounts for the localized patterns of values situated within a larger geographic unit.  相似文献   

Inferring Spatial Scale Change in an Isopleth Map     

J. Lin 《The Cartographic journal》2017,54(1):48-60

This study reunites areal interpolation with the isopleth mapping process to construct an inferred larger scale isopleth map. Intelligent areal interpolation is used to construct two types of population density surfaces that are used as inputs for pycnophylactic interpolation of an isopleth surface. One is a target zone population density surface (TZPDS) and the other is a control zone population density surface (CZPDS). Results suggest that an inferred isopleth map with remote sensing control data is a better surface depiction than an isopleth map without any control data, and the quality of such an isopleth map is further improved by enhancing the remote sensing data with residential parcel information. A CZPDS-derived intelligent isopleth map also has more peaks and variations in population distribution patterns than does a TZPDS-derived one due to the larger scale of the control data.  相似文献   

GPS/GLONASS集成的CORS网大气延迟插值模型比较分析     

孙伟  张绍成  耿胜辉 《测绘工程》2016,25(7):1-6

结合实际数据,对GPS/GLONASS集成的CORS网中利用参考站间的大气延迟内插流动站处的误差改正量的各种内插算法进行比较。比较结果认为:双差电离层延迟改正采用克里金插值模型(KRG)方法精度最高,精度优于3cm;而对流层延迟误差改正中,GPS采用最小二乘配置模型(LSC)插值方法效果最好,精度一般可达3cm,而GLONASS则应采用3阶趋势面模型(LSM3)进行内插,精度为4cm。  相似文献   

应用地统计学和径向基函数的DEM插值     

李佳  盛业华  段平  吕海洋  张思阳 《测绘科学》2016,41(1):166-169

为了解决紧支撑径向基函数(CSRBF)内插生成DEM中合理设置紧支撑半径的问题,文章提出了基于地统计学和CSRBF的DEM插值方法,采用地统计学中变程的倍数来度量空间相关性的强弱,取变程的倍数设为CSRBF紧支撑半径,使得CSRBF插值矩阵呈稀疏带状分布,保证插值矩阵稳定求解,最终生成较高精度的DEM。最后以实测高程数据为例,使用交叉验证对插值方法进行实验,根据最大误差、最小误差、平均误差和均方根误差等指标进行精度分析,结果表明该插值方法精度高,插值结果可靠,可作为一种有效的DEM插值方法。  相似文献   

像元分解模型的植被覆盖度遥感估算   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

魏石磊  翟亮  桑会勇  张英 《测绘科学》2016,41(1):139-143

为了提高植被覆盖度遥感估算方法的精度,该文针对置信度方法和空间克里金插值方法各自存在的问题,基于线性像元二分模型,分别采用置信度方法和空间克里金插值方法计算推导,确定像元二分模型中两个重要参数NDVIveg和NDVIsoil,实现估算植被覆盖度,并对两种方法进行对比分析,同时提出方法中存在的问题以及模型的优化改进方向。  相似文献   

一种时空混合插值算法及其应用     

张仲荣  王亚领  闫浩文 《测绘科学》2016,41(12):265-269,306

针对传统的时空克里格算法的精度受到时空变异函数的影响,而时空变异函数理论模型的选择常受主观因素影响和理论半变异函数局限,没有普适性的建模方法;加之参数较多估计困难,致使插值精度不高的问题,该文提出一种普适性的基于广义回归神经网络自适应时空克里格插值变异函数拟合方法,在此基础上建立了广义回归神经网络与时空克里格结合的新颖时空混合插值算法。通过与传统插值方法在民勤县地下水埋深插值中的比较研究表明,该时空混合插值算法的插值精度显著提高,并且是一个普适性的插值法。  相似文献   

An improved ANUDEM method combining topographic correction and DEM interpolation     

Xianwei Zheng  Linwei Yue  Jianya Gong 《国际地球制图》2016,31(5):492-505

Void filling and anomaly replacement in conjunction with auxiliary sources of data have been widely used to improve the quality of existing problematic high-resolution digital elevation models. However, the traditional interpolation methods used for this purpose have always failed to eliminate the discrepancies between different data-sets. In this paper, an improved ANUDEM method is presented for DEM interpolation, which incorporates the idea of topographic correction using high correlation of topological structure between contour lines (CLs) from multi-scale digital elevation models (DEM). Firstly, the terrain topological structure is extracted from the CLs of a low-resolution DEM. The topographic surface correction is then undertaken based on the extracted structure, which recovers the topographic information of the sharp depressions and eminences to fit the high-resolution representation. Finally, the breaklines of the terrain surface are distilled and integrated into the denser DEM generation. The experiments undertaken confirmed the superiority of the proposed method over the other DEM interpolation methods. It is shown that the proposed method can provide results with a higher accuracy, as well as a better visual quality.  相似文献   

Assessment of two techniques to merge ground-based and TRMM rainfall measurements: a case study about Brazilian Amazon Rainforest     

Pedro Mateus  Laura S. Borma  Ricardo D. da Silva  Giovanni Nico  João Catalão 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(6):689-706

The availability of accurate rainfall data with high spatial resolution, especially in vast watersheds with low density of ground-measurements, is critical for planning and management of water resources and can increase the quality of the hydrological modeling predictions. In this study, we used two classical methods: the optimal interpolation and the successive correction method (SCM), for merging ground-measurements and satellite rainfall estimates. Cressman and Barnes schemes have been used in the SCM in order to define the error covariance matrices. The correction of bias in satellite rainfall data has been assessed by using four different algorithms: (1) the mean bias correction, (2) the regression equation, (3) the distribution transformation, and (4) the spatial transformation. The satellite rainfall data were provided by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, over the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. Performances of the two merging data techniques are compared, qualitatively, by visual inspection and quantitatively, by a statistical analysis, collected from January 1999 to December 2010. The computation of the statistical indices shows that the SCM, with the Cressman scheme, provides slightly better results.  相似文献