Ab initio elasticity of FeS2 pyrite from 0 to 135 GPa     

Y. Le Page  J. R. Rodgers 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):564-567

Polynomial expressions for the elastic tensor coefficients, the bulk, the shear and Young’s moduli, the speed of sound for longitudinal and transverse waves, the equation of state and the x coordinate of the sulfur atom in pyrite are reported based on ab initio calculations in the range of 0–135 GPa. Comparison with published experimental data indicates good agreement for the equation of state and for values at 0 GPa as well as reasonable agreement for first derivatives. All modeling and interpretation was performed with Materials Toolkit v.2.0 and all ab initio computations with VASP.  相似文献   

Effects of defect and pressure on the thermal expansivity of Fe x O     

Jianzhong Zhang  Yusheng Zhao 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(4):241-247

Pressure–volume–temperature measurements have been carried out using synchrotron X-ray diffraction for wüstite at static pressures of 1.9, 2.6, and 5.4 GPa. Our results revealed that the composition change of wüstite and, hence, rearrangements of defect structures are primarily caused by the magnetite (Fe₃O₄) exsolution at temperatures of 523–723 K. Based on the isobaric volume–temperature data collected during cooling, the contribution of compositional variations to the unit-cell volumes of wüstite in the ranges of 300–673 K and 723–1073 K is negligibly small, within the experimental uncertainties. These observations suggest that the measured volume changes in the range of 300–673 K and 723–1,073 K can be attributed to the metal–oxygen bond expansion. Owing to the magnetite exsolution, thermal expansion data are obtained in each experiment at 1.9, 2.6, and 5.4 GPa for wüstite of two different compositions, Fe_0.987O and Fe_0.942O. At all three pressures, Fe_0.942O shows a thermal expansion that is about 30% larger than Fe_0.987O. Such findings represent the first experimental evidence of a substantial effect of nonstoichiometry on thermal expansivity, and based on previous thermodynamic calculations of the defect formation and interaction, this effect is likely associated with the distinct defects arrangements in iron-rich and more iron-deficient wüstite. This study also presents thermal equations of state for wüstite of two different compositions. Such volume-related properties at high temperatures are experimentally difficult to obtain in wüstite but important for thermodynamic studies in the binary Fe–O system.  相似文献   

High field strength element ratios in Archean basalts: a window to evolving sources of mantle plumes?   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

Kent C. Condie   《Lithos》2005,79(3-4):491-504

In terms of high field strength element ratios Nb/Th, Zr/Nb, Nb/Y and Zr/Y, most basalts from non-arc type Archean greenstones are similar to oceanic plateau basalts, suggestive of mantle plume sources. A large number of these basalts have ratios similar to primitive mantle composition. Perhaps the Archean mantle was less fractionated than at present and “primitive mantle” comprised much of the deep mantle and made a significant contribution to mantle plumes. The near absence of Archean greenstone basalts similar to NMORB in composition is also consistent with a relatively unfractionated mantle in which a shallow depleted source (DM) was volumetrically insignificant. The element ratios in basalts also indicate the existence of recycled components (HIMU, EM1, EM2) in the mantle by the Late Archean. This suggests that oceanic lithosphere was recycled into the deep mantle and became incorporated in some mantle plumes by the Late Archean. High field strength element ratios also indicate an important contribution of continental crust or/and subcontinental lithosphere to some non-arc Archean greenstone basalts. This implies that at least thin continental lithosphere was relatively widespread in the Archean.  相似文献   

Assessment of geomorphic hazards in connection with permafrost occurrence in the Zugspitze area (Bavarian Alps, Germany)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martin Gude  Dietrich Barsch 《Geomorphology》2005,66(1-4):85

In the Zugspitze area (Bavarian Alps, Germany), permafrost conditions are present in limestone bedrock and in regolith. Distribution is strongly dependent on topography in the east–west oriented mountain crest with steep north- and south-facing slopes. Numerous structures mainly for tourist purposes (cable car and recreation buildings, ski-lift masts, rack-railway tunnel, tunnel with supply facilities) are situated in the area, and several of them are placed on ground with permafrost. Results from a temperature measurement programme and distribution modelling show that for some of these constructions, the effects of permafrost degradation have to be considered in terms of stability of the foundations.The permafrost limit is close to the summit crest, and therefore, stability evaluations for the constructions in this area have to bear in mind the possible warming or even melting of ice within the bedrock crevasses caused by climate warming. Stability of the foundations as well as stability of rock walls in this area will probably be affected by a shifting of the permafrost limit. Constructions in the Zugspitzplatt area are already affected by the melting ground ice, and stabilizing measures have to be evaluated for several foundations where subsidence is likely to occur.Besides the local results, the study provides for the first time data on permafrost distribution in the northern Alpine margin based on standard methods of BTS measurements and numerical modelling.  相似文献   

小波变换在前兆观测资料分析中的应用   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

宋治平  武安绪  王梅  耿杰  宋先月  倪友忠  朱家苗  阚道玲 《中国地震》2004,20(1):31-38

由于数字化前兆具有高精度特点，因此，如何分离数字化前兆中的高频与低频信息，以及如何识别地震前兆的趋势异常与短期异常，是数字化前兆资料分析应用中的一个重要问题。本文给出了小波变换应用于正常的数字化前兆资料高频与低频信息的分离方法，并实际应用于地震前兆观测资料的处理，结合实例给出了地震前兆的趋势异常与短期异常的识别思路，从而为数字化前兆的趋势异常与短期异常的识别提供了一种新的有效方法。  相似文献   

The Application of Wavelet Transform in Analysis of Digital Precursory Observational Data     

Song Zhiping 《中国地震研究》2004,18(3):225-233

Digital data of precursors is noted for its high accuracy. Therefore, it is important to extract the high frequency information from the low ones in the digital data of precursors and todiscriminate between the trend anomalies and the short-term anomalies. This paper presents a method to separate the high frequency information from the low ones by using the wavelet transform to analyze the digital data of precursors, and illustrates with examples the train of thoughts of discriminating the short-term anomalies from trend anomalies by using the wavelet transform, thus provide a new effective approach for extracting the short-term and trend anomalies from the digital data of precursors.  相似文献   

Closure of the Fe-S-Si liquid miscibility gap at high pressure     

C. Sanloup 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2004,147(1):57-65

A high pressure investigation of melting relationships in the Fe-S-Si system has been conducted in a multi-anvil apparatus from 10 to 27 GPa and up to 2343 K. At 1 atm, the Fe-S-Si ternary system exhibits a vast miscibility gap [Raghavan, V., 1988. Phase diagrams of ternary iron alloys. Part 2: Ternary systems containing iron and sulphur. Indian Institute of Metals, Calcutta]. Quenched samples from experiments conducted at 10 and 12 GPa show an emulsion of immiscible liquids (an Fe-S melt and an Fe-Si melt). The liquid miscibility gap persists to at least 2343 K at 10 GPa. At 15 GPa, only one liquid is quenched, with a fine homogeneous dendritic texture. The results provide a mechanism to incorporate both S and Si as the light elements into the Earth’s core during a moderately high-pressure differentiation, consistent with geochemical models predicting up to 15 wt.% of light elements in the Earth’s core with 2-5 wt.% S and 7-10 wt.% Si. In contrast, for small planets such as Mars and Ganymede, differentiation took place within the pressure range of the miscibility gap. The composition of these cores is likely to be S-rich but Si-poor.  相似文献   

高含水量软土地基水泥土桩成桩质量试验研究     

丁天锐  岳忠文 《江苏地质》2004,28(3):170-173

针对淮盐高速公路淮安段高含水量软土地基的工程地质特性，依据设计文件进行水泥土搅拌桩成桩质量的现场试验研究，提出采用增强剂(石膏)和减水剂(木钙)作为水泥土搅拌桩的外加剂，以保证水泥土桩的成桩质量。提出了保证成桩质量的控制管理措施。  相似文献   

我国青藏高原气候动力学研究的近期进展   总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31  

吴国雄 《第四纪研究》2004,24(1):T001-T004

文章回顾了我国在青藏高原气象学的基础上发展起来的青藏高原气候动力学研究的近期进展；指出了青藏高原“感热驱动气泵(SHAP)”在调制东亚季风及全球气候中的重要作用；在强调全球海陆分布所产生的“四叶型”加热L0SECOD激发出夏季副热带基本环流型的基础上指出高原的隆升增强了东亚季风的北伸；论述与青藏高原抬升相联系的高原负涡度源所激发的Rossby波对全球气候异常的影响，指出春季青藏高原的表面感热加热是造成东亚环流季节突变的重要原因，并导致亚洲夏季风首先在孟加拉湾东部地区爆发；还就进一步发展青藏高原气候动力学问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

A visualization system for mineral elasticity     

Bijaya B. Karki  Ravi Chennamsetty 《Visual Geosciences》2004,9(1):49-57

The authors have developed an efficient visualization system to gain insight into large collections of mineral elasticity data produced by an increasing number of both theoretical calculations and experiments. The system allows us to visualize multivariate elastic moduli (i.e., elastic constant tensors) and their variation with composition, pressure and temperature. Moreover, it supports visualization of elastic wave propagation in an anisotropic medium by rendering the wave velocity data, which are calculated as a function of propagation direction in a three-dimensional space. This paper describes the design, implementation and application of the visualization scheme we have developed for mineral elasticity. In particular, our scheme exploits a combination of parallel coordinates, star plot, scatter plot and polygon-surface rendering techniques, which are implemented using OpenGL, GLUI and C++. The result is a highly portable and flexible interactive visualization system. For illustration, the elastic properties of several important oxide and silicate minerals are successfully visualized as a function of pressure and temperature.Reviewed by: D. Yuen, G. Erlebacher  相似文献