2020年7月西北太平洋和南海“空台”环流特征分析     

刘达  许映龙  向纯怡  陈博宇 《热带气象学报》2022,38(6):765-778

2020年7月西北太平洋和南海出现了史无前例的“空台”事件。利用NCEP再分析数据集、中国气象局（CMA）台风最佳路径等资料研究了此次“空台”现象的大尺度环流背景及动力和热力学特征。使用台风潜在生成指数（DGPI）分析发现2020年7月大尺度环流背景不利于台风生成,环流系统的异常通过影响对流层垂直风切变和垂直运动限制了台风的活动。2020年7月马斯克林高压较常年明显偏西偏弱,导致索马里急流强度减弱,越赤道气流不活跃,菲律宾以东洋面和南海海域盛行一致的偏东气流,历史同期活跃在该区域的季风槽无法建立,从而不利于热带扰动的生成。北半球极涡主体偏向西半球一侧,影响东半球冷空气势力较弱,副热带高压位置偏西;南亚高压较历史同期偏强且偏东,其东侧强盛的偏东气流将洋中槽截断,在西北太平洋区域出现反气旋性环流,该区域下沉气流增强,导致副热带高压强度增强,对流层中层强烈的下沉气流抑制了台风的生成和发展。此外,受中高层环流系统异常的影响,7月菲律宾吕宋岛以东洋面和南海地区环境垂直风切变较常年偏高2～4 m/s,南海部分海域偏高达4～8 m/s,同时该区域内异常偏强的下沉气流导致对流层低层相对湿度偏低,大气层...  相似文献   

2011年春夏长江中下游旱涝急转特征及原因分析     

王凤  孙即霖  吴德星 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(3)

利用NCEP再分析资料,分析了影响2011年春夏季长江南部中下游地区发生旱涝急转的异常大气环流特征及影响因素。发现:长江南部中下游地区旱涝急转发生与西北太平洋副热带高压的变化有密切关系。副热带高压由弱到强的变化为降水提供了水汽条件,高空急流的变化则为降水提供了上升运动条件。进一步分析表明,西太平洋副热带高压西伸加强的原因与副热带高压加强前一候时间内孟加拉湾地区的异常对流加强有密切的关系。急流的变化则与陆地气温的季节变化和中纬度西太平洋强经向海表面温度(SST)梯度异常存在密切的联系。本文的研究表明:2011春夏季长江中下游地区旱涝急转现象的发生,是局地大气环流变化,南北半球大气相互影响以及海洋对大气环流影响的共同作用造成。  相似文献   

小气候、雪盖及土壤湿度对高山生态系统功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jorg LOFFLER 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):3-19

1 Introduction High mountain landscapes above the tree-line are often regarded as close to nature, although human impact has obviously changed the environment, partly exceeding its carrying capac- ity (L?ffler, 2000). Due to their fragility regarding expected environmental changes and an increasing land use pressure in many regions, high mountain landscapes recently became a major focus within the discussion on a sustainable development in a worldwide (Messerli and Ives, 1997), and regional p…  相似文献   

基于多源数据的山东省围填海造地特点及发展趋势研究          下载免费PDF全文

安国强 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):15-20

文章基于文献资料分析、官方数据汇总、国产高分辨率资源卫星遥感影像信息提取以及发展趋势研判等方法,对改革开放以来山东省全海域范围内围填海造地的历史发展、现状特征、发展趋势及其对生态环境的影响进行了分析和总结,并提出相关的政策建议。研究表明:改革开放以来,山东省围填海造地累计已超过4.58万hm~2。21世纪以来围填海造地进入快速增长时期,尤其是2010年以来,全省围填海造地又掀起了一次新的热潮,其面积和速度都远远超过了历史水平。鉴于围填海造地对环境和生态的巨大影响,文章提出了加强管理、严格环境影响评价、引入生态环境补偿机制以及建立分级填海评估制度和年度监测机制等建议。  相似文献   

大别山及其周边现今垂直形变研究     

宋尚武  王庆良  郝明  周琳  刘立炜  胡亚轩 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(1):32-35

基于1980年、2005年和2015年3期区域精密水准网观测资料,利用线性动态平差模型计算获取大别山地区水准网长期垂直运动速度场图像。研究发现,淮河平原地表下沉较为严重,大别山呈现弱隆升趋势运动,长江谷地边缘地区较大别山区呈现明显的隆升运动。跨郯庐断裂带水准剖面结果显示,垂直运动与地形呈负相关和弱相关。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯西缘地区地震动高频衰减特性初步研究     

包金哲  王树波  张帆 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(2):293-301

以鄂尔多斯西缘地区(34°N—42°N,103°E—109°E)为研究对象,基于2007—2020年研究区域内14个强震动台站记录到的116条强震记录(1≤MS≤8),采用加速度反应谱法,通过MATLAB软件编程拟合鄂尔多斯西缘地区kappa值与震中距的线性回归关系.研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯西缘地区强震台站高频衰减参数k...  相似文献   

云南云龙天池枝角类群落演替对1950s以来人类活动影响信号的识别     

索旗  陈光杰  孔令阳  徐会明  李静  张涛  王露  周起  郑昕 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1735-1750

从1950s开始,云南地区部分湖泊受到了水文调控(如筑坝)和鱼类引入等流域开发活动的直接影响,湖泊水环境与生态系统结构已出现明显改变.开展浮游动物群落的长期生态响应评价有助于认识气候波动和人为胁迫的影响模式.本文选取云龙天池进行了沉积物记录分析,在重建过去100年环境变化历史的基础上开展了枝角类群落的多指标分析(物种组成、个体大小、生物量等),进一步结合多变量分析识别了枝角类群落构建的关键驱动因子.结果显示,云龙天池在过去100年间经历了明显的水位波动,约1962年以前水位较低,1950s起的水文调控(筑坝)导致湖泊水位波动上升,2006年以来略有下降.枝角类群落随水位波动呈现由底栖种向浮游种占优转变的模式,并在2006年以来底栖种略有增加.总体上,低水位时期底栖枝角类占优,高水位时期浮游枝角类占优.水体营养水平也对枝角类群落产生了较为显著的影响.在沉积物总氮和有机质通量上升时,长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)相对丰度和枝角类浓度都明显上升.枝角类象鼻溞个体大小表明,1969年鱼类引入后象鼻溞的壳长、壳刺长度、触角长度显著减小,反映了鱼类捕食压力上升的影响.本研究...  相似文献   

Sensitivity of streamflow from a Himalayan catchment to plausible changes in land cover and climate     

Xing Ma  Jianchu Xu  Meine van Noordwijk 《水文研究》2010,24(11):1379-1390

Global climate change will likely increase temperature and variation in precipitation in the Himalayas, modifying both supply of and demand for water. This study assesses combined impacts of land‐cover and climate changes on hydrological processes and a rainfall‐to‐streamflow buffer indicator of watershed function using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in Kejie watershed in the eastern Himalayas. The Hadley Centre Coupled Model Version 3 (HadCM3) was used for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios (A2 and B2), for 2010–2099. Four land‐cover change scenarios increase forest, grassland, crops, or urban land use, respectively, reducing degraded land. The SWAT model predicted that downstream water resources will decrease in the short term but increase in the long term. Afforestation and expansion in cropland will probably increase actual evapotranspiration (ET) and reduce annual streamflow but will also, through increased infiltration, reduce the overland flow component of streamflow and increase groundwater release. An expansion in grassland will decrease actual ET, increase annual streamflow and groundwater release, while decreasing overland flow. Urbanization will result in increases in streamflow and overland flow and reductions in groundwater release and actual ET. Land‐cover change dominated over effects on streamflow of climate change in the short and middle terms. The predicted changes in buffer indicator for land‐use plus climate‐change scenarios reach up to 50% of the current (and future) range of inter‐annual variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns     

Jane Assini 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):738-755

Abstract

This study examined the end-of-winter snow storage, its distribution and the spatial and temporal melt patterns of a large, low gradient wetland at Polar Bear Pass, Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. The project utilized a combination of field observations and a physically-based snowmelt model. Topography and wind were the major controls on snow distribution in the region, and snow was routinely scoured from the hilltop regions and deposited into hillslopes and valleys. Timing and duration of snowmelt at Polar Bear Pass were similar in 2008 and 2009. The snowmelt was initiated by an increase in air temperature and net radiation receipt. Inter-annual variability in spatial snowmelt patterns was evident at Polar Bear Pass and was attributed to a non-uniform snow cover distribution and local microclimate conditions. In situ field studies and modelling remain important in High Arctic regions for assessing wetland water budgets and runoff, in addition to model parameterization and validation of satellite imagery.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Assini, J. and Young, K.L., 2012. Snow cover and snowmelt of an extensive High Arctic wetland: spatial and temporal seasonal patterns. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (4), 738–755.  相似文献   

Slump debris flows in the Akovolwo Mountains area of Benue State,Nigeria     

C. S. Nwajide  C. O. Okagbue  A. C. Umeji 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(2):145-154

In September 1979, rain-induced complex landslides occurred in two separate localities along the slopes of the Akovolwo Mountains near Jato-Aka in the Kwande Local Government area of Benue State, Nigeria.The two movements developed on bedrock slopes covered by a veneer of colluvium and (or) residuum no more than 1.5 to 2m deep. Each started as a slump and graduated into a debris flow. The slump, extending downhill a short distance away from the head scarp, had been reconstituted into a debris flow as the initial movement (sliding movement) of the soil mass caused remoulding of the saturated moving mass into viscous debris-laden mud. The resulting mass moved partly along a pre-existing mountain stream channel and partly along a fresh channel it cleared in the savanna forest. At the break of slope, the mass of boulders was dumped and a trail of smaller fragments littered the channels towards the Katsina-Ala River.  相似文献