Data generated from scanning electron microscopy images of oil-shale geomaterials are used to generate configurations and to acquire parameters required for use in homogenization schemes for the determination of the effective elastic properties of the samples. Two alternative homogenization methods are employed: numerical simulation using the Discrete Element Method and the Polycrystalline Self-Consistent Method from micromechanics. The schemes give rise to predictions of the effective elastic properties that are in very good agreement. 相似文献
There occurred several eruptions from Changbaishan Tianchi volcano in Holocene, and at least three of them were believed to be true according to the formal studies. The products of three eruptions were yellow comenditic pumice of - 5000a B.P. (Eruption Ⅰ ), gray comenditic pumice and pyroclastic flow of - 1000a B.P. ( Eruption II, i.e. the millennium explosive eruption), black trachy pumice and welded tuff of - 300a B.P. ( Eruption Ⅲ ) respectively. There were a large number of melt inclusions found in phenocrysts, which differ in size and color. The Leitz 1350 heating stage experiments for melt inclusions in host feldspars from three Holocene eruptions of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano imply that there were little differences between the homogenization temperatures of melt inclusions from Eruptions Ⅰ and Ⅲ, whereas it was rather complicated for Eruption H, i.e. there might be two kinds of melt with different homogenization temperature periods, which gave the evidence for the assumption that the explosive millennium eruption of Tianchi volcano was triggered by injection and mixing of two different magmas. The experimental results also indicate that ( 1 ) small melt inclusion is easy to be homogenized, while the large one, especially the one with lots of daughter crystals, is rather difficult to be homogenized; (2) homogenization temperature closely correlates with the size of melt inclusion within host crystal, with the temperature point switching from high heating rate to low heating rate, and correlates with whether it is the first time to obtain homogenization as well; and (3) a melt inclusion can get different homogenization temperatures when it is repeatedly heated. Even more, the next homogenization temperature is usually higher than the former one, which testifies the phenomenon that hydrogen migration occurs during repeated heating. 相似文献
Prior to have long-term sunshine-duration series, data rescue effort has to be engaged. Eighteen series have been homogenized over the period 1931–2000. These series complete the set of diagnoses on climate change at a regional scale, confirm part of the diagnosis established for the temperatures, and offer new tracks for the mechanisms of climate change. To cite this article: J.-M. Moisselin, C. Canellas, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).相似文献
To study the damage process of microscale to macroscale in coarse-grained granite specimen under uniaxial compressive stress, we have observed micro-damage localization and propagation by using a newly developed experimental system that allows us to observe the damaging process continuously.
The results showed that pre-existing microcracks lead to macroscopic shear fracture through the damage development process. The mechanism of micro-damage initiation in a granite specimen under uniaxial compressive stress may be considered for two cases. One is that two grains such as quartz and feldspar contact each other in the same direction as the axial stress, and the other is that a biotite grain inclined to the axial stress direction is surrounded by feldspar grains. The homogenization theory was applied to verify numerically the micromechanics of stress-induced damage in the mineral contacts. Local stress distribution in the periodic-micro structure was also calculated by the homogenization theory. It is shown that this analysis, which takes into account the initial state of the specimen, is well adapted to the behavior of two grains for which microcracking is the fundamental mechanism of damage. 相似文献
The scope of this paper is to introduce a method for the analysis of rock tunnels reinforced by grouted bolts, based on the
convergence-control approach. The analytical formulations presented in this paper refers to an elasto-plastic behavior of
the rock mass and the latest Hoek and Brown yield criterion (Version 2002). In order to model the reinforced plastic zone,
the equivalent material approach was taken into account such that the apparent strength of the rock mass is improved as a
consequence of the bolting effect. The general design guides and examples presented are intended to facilitate the comprehension
and application of the proposed analytical solution in practice. 相似文献