川滇黔相邻区沉积型稀土富集规律与成因研究     

田恩源  肖斌  龚大兴 《地质论评》2024,70(S1):260-260

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Reconstructing tsunami run-up from the characteristics of tsunami deposits on the Thai Andaman Coast     

Chanchai Srisutam  Jean-Frank Wagner 《Coastal Engineering》2010

Tsunamis can leave deposits on the land surface they inundate. The characteristics of tsunami deposits can be used to calculate tsunami run-up height and velocity. This paper presents a reconstruction of tsunami run-up from tsunami deposit characteristics in a simple mathematical model. The model is modified and applied to reconstruct tsunami run-ups at Ao Kheuy beach and Khuk Khak beach, Phangnga province, Thailand. The input parameters are grain-size and maximum run-up distance of the sediment. The reconstructed run-up heights are 4.16–4.91 m at Ao Kheuy beach and 5.43–9.46 m at Khuk Khak beach. The estimated run-up velocities (maximum velocity) at the still water level are 12.78–19.21 m/s. In the area located 70–140 m inland to the end of run-up inundation, estimated mean run-up velocities decrease from approximately 1.93 m/s to 0 m/s. Reasonably good agreements are found between reconstructed and observed run-up heights. The tsunami run-up height and velocity can be used for risk assessment and coastal development programs in the tsunami affected area. The results show that the area from 0 to 140 m inland was flooded by high velocity run-ups and those run-up energies were dissipated mainly in this area. The area should be designated as either an area where settlement is not permitted or an area where effective protection is provided, for example with flood barriers or forest.  相似文献   

Geodynamic modelling of the Century deposit,Mt Isa Province,Queensland     

A. Ord  B. E. Hobbs  Y. Zhang  G. C. Broadbent  M. Brown  G. Willetts 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):1011-1039

This paper is concerned with an example of quantitative modelling of orebody formation as a guide to reducing the risk for future mineral exploration. Specifically, the paper presents a detailed 3–D numerical model for the formation of the Century zinc deposit in northern Queensland. The model couples fluid flow with deformation, thermal transport and chemical reactions. The emphasis of the study is a systems approach where the holistic mineralising system is considered rather than concentrating solely on the mineral deposit. In so doing the complete plumbing system for mineralisation is considered with a view to specifying the critical conditions responsible for the ore deposit occurring where it does and having the size and metal grades that are observed. The numerical model is based on detailed geological, tectonic, isotopic and mineralogical data collected over the past 20 years. The conclusions are that the Century zinc deposit is located where it is because of the following factors: (i) a thermal anomaly is associated with the Termite Range Fault due to advection of heat from depth by fluid flow up the Termite Range Fault; (ii) bedding‐plane fissility in the shale rocks hosting the Century zinc deposit has controlled the wavelength and nature of D₁ folding in the vicinity of the deposit and has also controlled increases in permeability due to hydrofracture of the shales; such hydrofracture is also associated with the production of hydrocarbons as these shales passed through the ‘oil‐window’; (iii) Pb–Zn leached from crustal rocks in the stratigraphic column migrated up along faults normal to the Termite Range Fault driven by topographic relief associated with inversion at the end of the Isan Orogeny; these fluids mixed with H₂S derived at depth moving up the Termite Range Fault to mix with the crustal fluids to precipitate Pb–Zn in a plume downstream from the point of mixing. Critical factors to be used as exploration guides are high temperatures, carbonaceous fissile shales now folded into relatively tight D₁ folds, fault‐controlled plumbing systems that enable fluid mixing, depletion of metals upstream of the deposit and,in particular,a very wide Fe‐depletion halo upstream of the deposit.  相似文献   

Silurian and Devonian systems     

Maxwell R. Banks  E. D. Gill  K. L. Burns 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):177-187

The Ediacara mineral field is situated 30 km W of Beltana on the western margins of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, and consists of silver‐lead and copper deposits in lower Cambrian carbonate rocks that contain anomalous base‐metal contents throughout the Adelaide Geosyncline. The lower Cambrian rocks, which consist of the basal Parachilna Formation and overlying Ajax Limestone, rest disconformably on the Precambrian, and at Ediacara occupy a shallow N‐S elongate syncline near the hinge zone of the Adelaide Geosyncline. The main primary ore minerals of the silver‐lead mineralization are galena and pyrite, with very minor chalcopyrite and sphalerite, and rare tetrahedrite and pearceite. The gangue consists mainly of silica (both chalcedony and quartz), with minor dolomite and rare barite. The mineralization is stratabound and occurs in conformable zones, the lowest of which commences about 30–50 m above the base of the Cambrian sequence. The host to the silver‐lead mineralization, the Ajax Limestone, can be subdivided into three units which represent a set of lithologies, structures and organic traces indicative of a shallow near‐shore carbonate environment. The silver‐lead mineralization is mainly present in sandy and laminated dolomites which were deposited in an environment ranging from sub‐tidal to bar and channel and tidal flat, respectively. Four types of mineralization have been recognized; disseminated sulphides of syngenetic and/or diagenetic origin and epigenetic concentrations along stylolites, in veins and as breccia fillings. Post‐depositional solution activity has affected a large proportion of the carbonate sequence. The effects of this activity range from stylolites through stylobreccias to solution collapse breccias. The epigenetic concentrations of mineralizations have apparently been formed by the remobilization of the disseminated sulphides during solution activity. The ore and gangue minerals of the epigenetic mineralization display both euhedral forms and distinct colloform banding, and framboidal textures have also been observed in both pyrite and galena. There is evidence of repeated episodic precipitation and no simple paragenetic sequence can be recognized. Fluid inclusions in silica and dolomite associated with the epigenetic mineralization have homogenization temperatures of 159 to 199°C and freezing temperatures that indicate the fluids to be saline brines containing NaCl with CaCl₂ and/or MgCl₂. Sulphur isotope analyses show a range of 8³⁴S values from ‐12.5 to +8.6 per mil, with no evidence of significant differences between the four types of mineralization. The data suggest deposition of the disseminated sulphides as a result of biological reduction of seawater sulphate in a system partially open with respect to sulphate supply. Subsequent remobilization of sulphides apparently involved little or no sulphur isotope fractionation. The Ediacara silver‐lead deposits have many features in common with Mississippi Valley‐type lead‐zinc deposits and appear to have similarities in terms of genesis, in that the epigenetic mineralization has been formed as a result of post‐depositional solution activity during diagenesis in a sedimentary basin. The scale of transport of the metals deposited as the epigenetic mineralization at Ediacara appears, however, to have been very much less than that of the metals in other Mississippi Valley‐type deposits.  相似文献   

Genetic and ore-forming ages of the Fe–P–(Ti) oxide deposits associated with mafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complexes in the Kuluketage block,NW China     

W. Chen  X. B. Lü  Q. Yuan  X. D. Wang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):1041-1062

Abstract

During the past 50 years, many geological and ore-deposit investigations have led to the discovery of the Fe–P–(Ti)-oxide deposits associated with mafic–ultramafic–carbonatite complexes in the Kuluketage block, northeastern Tarim Craton. In this paper, we discuss the genetic and ore-forming ages, tectonic setting, and the genesis of these deposits (Kawuliuke, Qieganbulake and Duosike). LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 811?±?5?Ma, 811?±?4?Ma, and 840?±?5?Ma for Kawuliuke ore-bearing pyroxenite, Qieganbulake gabbro and Duosike ore-bearing pyroxenite, respectively. The CL images of the Kawuliuke apatite grains show core–rim structure, suggesting multi-phase crystallisation, whereas the apatite grains from Qieganbulake and Dusike deposits do not show any core–rim texture, suggesting a single-stage crystallisation. LA-ICP-MS apatite ²⁰⁷Pb-corrected U–Pb dating provided weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 814?±?21?Ma and 771?±?8?Ma for the Kawuliuke ores, and 810?±?7?Ma and 841?±?7?Ma for Qieganbulake and Duosike ores, respectively. The core–rim texture in apatite by CL imaging as well as two different ore-forming ages in the core and rim of the apatite indicate two metallogenic events for the Kawuliuke deposit. The first metallogenic period was magmatic in origin, and the second period was hydrothermal in origin. The initial ore-forming age of the Kawuliuke Fe–P–Ti mineralisation was ca 814?Ma and the second one was ca 771?Ma. On the other hand, the ore-forming ages of the Qieganbulake and Duosike deposits were ca 810?Ma and ca 841?Ma, respectively. Qieganbulake and Duosike deposits were of magmatic origin. Combined with previous geochronological data and the research on the tectonic background, we infer that the Kawuliuke, Qieganbulake and Duosike Fe–P–(Ti)-oxide deposits were formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting and were the product of subduction-related magmatism.  相似文献   

论辽宁锦西杨家杖子杂岩体的岩浆成因演化及成矿作用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吴利仁  张秀棋 《岩石学报》1990,6(3):1-11

杨家杖子杂岩体中的二长闪长岩代表一种母岩浆,它是燕山早期库拉板块向欧亚板块下俯冲所产生的,并汇聚上升的安山质岩浆。粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩、细粒似斑状二长花岗岩和(碱长)花岗斑岩是二长闪长岩浆在7km深、弱还原环境、氧逸度为10~(-8)～10~(-10)Pa、1200°～1250℃的岩浆房中经结晶分异作用的派生物。以后,这些岩浆相继上侵,定位于2.5km深处。由这些岩浆岩侵入体所引起的镁夕卡岩、钙夕卡岩和岩浆期后酸性热液淋滤蚀变非常发育。只有来自细粒似斑状二长花岗岩和(碱长)花岗斑岩岩浆、富含Mo的酸性热液沿着裂隙侵入夕卡岩中,在240～330℃时,才形成Mo矿床。此种酸性热液也沿着裂隙侵入细粒似斑状二长花岗岩和(碱长)花岗斑岩中,而形成细脉浸染Mo矿床。因此,杨家杖子Mo矿床属于斑岩-夕卡岩型。  相似文献   

华南型块状硫化物矿床中的胶黄铁矿及其退火作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

顾连兴  郑素娟 《岩石矿物学杂志》1990,9(4):351-356

华南型块状硫化物矿床中胶黄铁矿的退火过程从早到晚可分成三个阶段:原始晶化变胶体阶段、不等粒变晶生长阶段和颗粒界面调整阶段。不同阶段的矿石各具特征性的结构,反映了燕山期侵入活动对于先存胶黄铁矿的不同程度热效应。  相似文献   

西北内陆盆地的红层类型与砂岩型铀矿     

王志龙 《铀矿地质》1988,(4)

本文在调研我国西北内陆盆地中的红层与砂岩型铀矿关系的基础上,提出了一个以沉积相和红化成因为基础的红层分类:把内陆盆地中的红层分为陆解阶段形成的冲积平原红层和浅湖红层;成岩后生阶段形成的河流冲积红层、三角洲红层和沙漠红层;以及表生风化阶段形成的溅泼红(次生红层)等6类红层。并依据这6类红层的特征、产出构造环境,以及含矿主岩到各类红层的Eh、pH、Th/U、Fc~(3+)/Fc~(2+)、Sr/Ba等地化特征值的变化,确定了它们与砂岩型铀矿的关系,即陆解阶段岩石红化时为开放环境,活性铀易于流失,对成矿不利;而成岩后生阶段,岩石红化时的环境为封闭系统,对成矿有利,能形成铀矿床。  相似文献   

前寒武纪富铀矿床与热液碱交代作用     

邓维融 《铀矿地质》1988,(6)

本文根据国内外文献资料,提出前寒武纪富铀矿床的形成与碱交代作用在空间上、成因上蕾切相关的认识,并根据碱性热水溶液的性质将前寒武纪富铀矿床分为钠交代型和钾交代型。同时,简述了两种类型矿床的主要特征,成矿地质条件及机理。  相似文献   

303地区铀矿成矿地质条件分析     

巫声扬  王德生  王淑华 《铀矿地质》1988,(2)

木文指出:303地区铀矿成矿的物源主要来自盆地北部、东北部、西北部的碳硅泥岩和含矿主岩本身;有机碳是铀的主要沉淀剂和富集剂;矿化形成于氧化-还原过渡带和弱还原带中;成矿年龄为124—107Ma,属成岩成矿为主的层控矿床。  相似文献