新太古界Campbellrand亚群白云岩岩溶系统对南非Postmasburg锰矿田的影响     

常洪伦  杜俊  杨大勇  时毓  王青春  张聚全  李甘雨 《地质论评》2022,68(5):2022092001-2022092001

为分析新太古界Campbellrand亚群白云岩基底形成的岩溶系统对南非Postmasburg锰矿田发育和分布的影响,利用XRF和偏光显微镜鉴定技术,结合野外地质调查和岩芯钻探,对矿石的矿物成分、矿体中的Mn、Fe空间分布、Doornfontein砾岩的结构特征、白云岩容矿构造的形态进行了研究。结果表明：Maremane穹隆上的Campbellrand亚群白云岩遭受了两次大规模的溶蚀。溶蚀构造引起沉积物分异,沉积建造底部Mn质最为富集,向外、向上逐渐由Fe质主导,形成褐锰矿—方铁锰矿—赤铁矿的序列,顶部则演变为铝土质岩。沉积序列中Mn+Fe质和Al质含量呈现出较强的负相关性。溶坑的特殊形态导致矿体受层控,但并不呈现规则的层状形态。东矿带的Wolhaarkop硅质角砾岩与白云岩中的燧石和硅质白云岩密切相关,而混合带和西矿带普遍发育的Doornfontein砾岩则是岩溶作用影响下锰质的成岩作用被推迟所形成,它们都是成矿期岩溶系统发育的间接产物。溶坑底部的锰土混合物揭示了成矿后期溶蚀作用的发生和沉积序列的坍塌破碎,小型的断层也造成了矿体的严重破碎和顶板地层的褶曲。Gamagara低山脊两侧分布的小型堆积型矿体也与后期地表岩溶系统长期的发育有关。  相似文献   

临兴区块致密砂岩储层水赋存状态及气层含水程度识别方法     

陈鑫 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1131-1140

为明确鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块气水分布规律,提高储层气水分布预测精度,通过半渗透隔板实验、核磁共振实验和扫描电镜实验确定储层水赋存状态,基于现场生产资料和测井数据提供可动水饱和度和气层含水程度预测方法。结果表明,临兴区块储层水以束缚水、毛细管水和自由水3种状态赋存,束缚水饱和度为28.26%~58.14%,以束缚水为主的储层射孔后基本不产水;毛细管水是生产压差增加克服毛细管压力而被驱替出来的水,该类储层射孔后生产初期不产水,随着生产压差增大,产水量逐渐增大;致密砂岩储层束缚水饱和度主要受孔隙结构影响,研究区致密砂岩储层主要发育粒间孔、溶蚀孔和晶间孔,从粒间孔、溶蚀孔到晶间孔,小孔含量不断增加且孔隙结构越来越复杂,束缚水饱和度不断增加;利用物性指数表征孔隙类型和结构差异,则临兴区块储层束缚水饱和度随着物性指数增加而降低,随着泥质含量增加而上升,可采用物性指数和泥质含量回归得到束缚水饱和度预测公式,进而得到可动水饱和度;根据孔隙度、束缚水饱和度与可动水饱和度交汇图得到了同含水程度气层的识别方法,气层一般Φ>8%、Swf<15%、Swi<50%;差气层一般Φ<10%,Swf<15%,Swi< 45%;含气水层一般Φ>10%、Swf>5%、Swi为30%~55%;射孔层日产水量可以通过Qw=0.51Swi+2.16Swf+ 13.63Φ+0.17H-1.51计算。  相似文献   

2018年全球发现的新矿物种     

蔡剑辉 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(5):965-1028

在系统梳理2018年度全球发现并经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物分类命名专业委员会(CNMNC)批准的128个新矿物种资料的基础上,从矿物名称、晶体化学式、晶系和空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产地与产状、与其他矿物种的关系、矿物名称来源、化学反应和光谱学特征等方面归纳总结了这些新矿物的重要矿物学特征。并按照中国新矿物及矿物命名专业委员会颁布的《矿物种汉名审订条例》,对128个新矿物种的中文名称进行了审订。通过适时公布国际新矿物工作的新进展和新成果,并逐步完善和规范矿物种中文译名体系,为我国新矿物的发现和研究提供有科学价值的参考和借鉴,并不断推动矿物种中文译名规范化与标准化的进程。  相似文献   

Pore-scale mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores: New method and insights     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(5):101424

A new method is proposed to analyze the pore-scale mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores, which is based on the Hydrocarbon Vapor Adsorption (HVA) and Pore Calculation Model (PCM). First, the basic principle of the HVA-PCM method is introduced, and the experimental/mathematical analysis processes are given. Then, the HVA-PCM method is applied to shale samples to analyze the mechanisms and characterization of light oil storage in shale nanopores. The results provide insights into the pore-scale oil storage mechanisms, oil storage structure, oil film thickness, oil distribution within different sized pores, and the oil storage state. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the HVA-PCM method are discussed, and suggestions for further improvement are proposed. Overall, the HVA-PCM method is a powerful tool for extracting quantitative information on the light oil storage in shale nanopores.  相似文献   

东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部低渗近致密—致密砂岩气成因、来源及运聚成藏     

苏奥  陈红汉  吴悠  雷明珠  李倩  王存武 《地质学报》2018,92(1):184-196

以东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部西斜坡平湖组中下段及宝石组和西次凹花港组下段两个靶区为例,基于钻测资料结合激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和扫描电镜等技术对目前低渗近致密—致密砂岩气层的宏观分布和储层微观特征进行了描述。利用气样稳定碳同位素组成、组分及轻烃分析成果,使用盆地模拟和流体包裹体技术,结合构造-沉积地质背景,对西斜坡和西次凹低渗近致密—致密砂岩气成因、气源和运聚成藏机制进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:两个区带已钻遇的近致密—致密砂岩气主要为煤型气。西次凹致密气主要来源于本地平湖组煤系源岩,因暗色泥岩有少量的腐泥母质,可能有少量油型气存在;此外部分天然气还有本地花港组下段煤系源岩微量影响;西次凹生成的成熟后期—高成熟天然气于3.9~0Ma借助断裂大规模垂向运聚成藏,具有近源、晚期、一次成藏机制;西斜坡近致密气充注时期为2.8~0Ma,近致密气可分为两类,一类来自本地平湖组煤系烃源岩的成熟中期天然气,于晚期充注成藏,另一类来源于异地西次凹平湖组煤系烃源岩的成熟后期—高成熟气,也于相近时期,通过断裂与三角洲前缘砂坝构成的阶梯状运移通道大规模充注西斜坡储层,具有"远近双源"、晚期、一次成藏机制。  相似文献   

Geochemical characterisation of the Xiagou Formation carbonate-bearing mudstone in southwestern Jiuquan Basin,China: implications for paleo-environment reconstruction and the origin of organic matter     

G. Chen  N. Wang  L. Y. Zhao 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(1):121-134

Since the Xiagou Formation was confirmed to be the primary source rock of the crude oil discovered in the Yumen oilfield, geologists have performed many studies on the sedimentology of the formation, source rock evaluation and migration, as well as petroleum accumulation. In this study, the carbonate-bearing mudstones were investigated using synthetic organic and inorganic geochemical analyses to reconstruct the paleo-environment and study the origin of organic matter during deposition in correlation with organic matter enrichment. The analysed samples have total organic carbon (TOC) and S₁ + S₂ values in the range of 0.20–3.39 wt% and 0.07–19.50%, respectively, which indicate fair to good hydrocarbon potential. Biomarker studies on the pyrolysis data of the samples suggest that the predominant origin of the organic matter is terrigenous high plants with partial aquatic algae and micro-organisms, primarily oil- and gas-prone. The trace elements P and Ba are considered to be the main proxies for paleoproductivity, and values for the two elements hosted in samples range from 48 to 1724 ppm (a mean of 658 ppm) and from 322 to 1701 ppm (a mean of 550.34 ppm), respectively, which indicates that the sediments in the Xiagou Formation have high paleoproductivity. Additionally, organic geochemical studies reveal that the sediments were deposited in a lacustrine environment with brackish water (low C₃₁-22R-homohopane/C₃₀-hopane ratios; moderate gammacerane and β-carotane), which is consistent with the medium degree of the Sr/Ba ratio, which ranges from 0.22 to 1.42 (a mean of 0.64). Furthermore, the wide range of Cu/Zn and Rb contents are important indicators of a suboxic to relatively anoxic paleoredox condition. This outcome is consistent with the biomarker parameter Pr/Ph, which ranges from 0.05 to 1.37. Moreover, the major oxides and trace elements [high Fe/Mn, low Mg/Ca, low CIA and the plot of SiO₂ vs (Al₂O₃ + K₂O + Na₂O)] also indicate that the sedimentary paleoclimate was semiarid to arid. Lack of correlation between TOC content and paleo-environment (suboxic, brackish and semiarid) or productivity indicators indicates that the accumulation of organic matter was controlled by combined action, rather than a single factor, such as redox condition or productivity.  相似文献   

甘肃新近系疏松砂岩成因     

刘高  魏蒙恩  谢裕江  张雷  罗泽华  王彦蓉  姜秉秉 《地质论评》2015,61(1):139-148

近年来重大地下工程中揭露一套结构疏松,自稳能力差,涌水、塌方等工程事故频发的岩层,即疏松砂岩。分析其成因及赋存环境对认识其特殊性质及应对相关工程问题都具有重要意义。本文结合甘肃新近系沉积环境,采用室内粒度分析试验、SEM及XRD试验,并与现代沙漠风成沙与河床水成沙对比,从其分布及产出特征、粒度特征、石英颗粒表面特征及胶结特征等方面对其成因进行分析。研究表明,这套疏松砂岩与相邻岩层产出相近,归属于甘肃新近系红层;其粒径相对集中,胶结物含量少、胶结差,孔隙度大;石英颗粒表面发育蝶形坑、麻面及硅质沉淀等典型特征。综合其各种特征,甘肃新近系疏松砂岩为新近纪干热气候环境下风沙活动的产物,且受后期赋存水环境作用的影响。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层致密成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈大友  朱玉双  夏勇  何磊  何鎏  艾庆琳  薛云龙 《沉积学报》2015,33(6):1217-1223

运用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及恒速压汞等实验手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段储层特征进行研究,并以孔隙演化过程为线索分析了储层致密成因。研究结果表明:盒8段储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高,储层物性差;砂岩分选性好,初始孔隙度整体较高,平均可达34.7%;受岩石组分、埋深及煤系烃源岩酸性流体的影响,压实作用强烈,破坏了大约20.4%的原生孔隙度,胶结作用破坏了其余13.9%的原生孔隙度,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽;早期溶蚀产生的孔隙被压实作用破坏,而晚期溶蚀作用较弱,仅增加了大约3.4%的次生孔隙度,难以大幅度改善储层物性。因此,成岩期原生孔隙被破坏殆尽及次生孔隙形成较少共同导致该区储层致密。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地东北缘乌伦古坳陷油气成藏的构造制约   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

杨朝  赵淑娟  李三忠  余珊  孙文军  许立青  刘鑫  楼达  王学斌 《地质科学》2015,50(2):536-552

近年来随着地质工作的不断深入,在乌伦古坳陷发现丰富的油气资源。然而与盆地其余地区相比,其油气勘探开发程度仍较低。本文通过构造特征和断裂发育过程对乌伦古坳陷油气成藏规律进行了系统研究。研究区发育3套烃源岩,其中石炭系滴水泉组和巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩最为重要,索索泉凹陷中心为乌伦古坳陷的石炭系烃源岩生油中心。乌伦古坳陷油气藏的形成受控于逆冲断裂而呈带状分布,是逆冲断裂控制的油气聚集带。断裂活动自北往南变新,断裂活动期次与烃源岩生烃高峰期相匹配,沟通油源的深大断裂是油气运移的主要通道。浅部发育反冲断层,主要分布在斜坡区的喀拉萨伊断裂附近,对早期油气起到破坏作用。研究区断裂系统在平面上自北往南可分为根部带、中部带和前锋带,受断裂活动影响,构造圈闭和油气藏形成时期逐渐变新,层位逐渐变浅,类型由断层相关变为褶皱相关。  相似文献   

Elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic compositional disparity of riverine sediments around the Yellow Sea: Constraints from grain-size and chemical partitioning     

《Applied Geochemistry》2015

To obtain a better understanding of the source compositions of the river sediments around the Yellow Sea and their relationship with source rocks, elements and strontium-neodymium (Sr–Nd) isotopes of different grain-sizes (silt and clay populations) and chemical (labile and residual phases) fractionations in riverine sediments were studied extensively. These results clearly revealed a systematic compositional disparity between Korean river (KR) and Chinese river (CR) sediments, especially in the residual (detrital) fraction. The geochemical dissimilarity between these might reflect inherited signatures of their source rocks but with minor control from chemical weathering. In particular, the remarkable enrichment of some elements (iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)) and the behavior of large ion lithophile elements (e.g., barium (Ba), potassium (K) and Sr) during weathering as well as less-radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions implies that CR sediments might be weathering products of relatively more mafic rocks, with abundant ferromagnesian and plagioclase feldspar minerals, compared with KR sediments derived from silicic granites with relatively higher quartz and potassium feldspar contents. This different petrological rationale is clearly evident in an A–CN–K diagram, which estimated the source rock of CR sediments as granodioritic, a composition that reflects accurately the average composition of weathered continental crust in China. The recognition of such geochemical systematics in two river sediments, especially in grain-size and chemically partitioned data, may contribute to the establishment of provenance tracers for the Yellow Sea and East China Sea sediments with multi-sources as well the dust deposition in the western Pacific.  相似文献