Identification and investigation of sulphur plumes along the Namibian coast using the MERIS sensor     

Thomas Ohde  Herbert SiegelJan Reißmann  Monika Gerth 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

In the upwelling area along the Namibian coast of SW-Africa sulphur discolorations were investigated to study the impact of hydrogen sulphide on the ecosystem using satellite imagery. The formation of colloidal sulphur in the upper water layer results from the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide. The occurrence of sulphur plumes as well as their temporal and spatial development was investigated in relation to the driving meteorological and oceanographic conditions. Because of the sporadic occurrence of sulphur events and the limited number of ship-borne investigations in that area remote sensing of ocean colour is the only method to follow these phenomena continuously and synoptically. In the past the sulphur plumes were studied by true colour images derived from ocean colour satellite data like sea-viewing wide field of view sensor or moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer and identified by their typical milky turquoise discoloration.  相似文献   

Overview of In-Situ Biodegradation and Enhancement     

DONG Jun  Anthony ADZOMANI  ZHAO Yongsheng 《东北亚地学研究》2002,(2)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｂｙｎａｔｕｒａｌａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎ (ＲＮＡ)ｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｎｇｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｍｉ ｎａｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｆｕｅｌｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ ,ｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ｔｏｌｕｅｎｅ ,ｅｔｈｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ａｎｄｘｙｌｅｎｅ (ＢＴＥＸ)ｅｔｃ .(Ｊｅｆ ｆｒｅｙ ,2 0 0 1) .ＢｕｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｃｅｒｔａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｗｈｉｃｈＲＮＡｉｓｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ…  相似文献   

水对Wadsleyite和Ringwoodite电导率的影响及地球动力学意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄晓葛  白武明 XU YouSheng Shun-ichiro Karato 《岩石学报》2005,21(6):1743-1748

在Kawai-1000型多顶砧压机上，利用橄榄石相变人工合成地幔转换带矿物wadsleyite和ringwoodite，其含水量从0．03wt％到2．0wt％变化不等。在压力14～16GPa，温度873K-1273K，通过Mo：MoO2固体反应控制氧逸度的条件下，利用阻抗谱分析方法，测量获得了这些样品的电导率。实验结果显示：wadsleyite的电导率与GH^0.66呈正比，ringwoodite的电导率与GH^0.69呈正比，水极大地增强了样品的电导率；在我们的实验条件下，含水wadsleyite和ringwoodite样品的主要电荷栽体是自由质子。另外，结合大地电磁反演获得的电导率结果和我们的实验数据，我们推断中国东北地区地幔转换带中的水含量约为0．1～0．3wt％，远远高于上地幔中的水含量，这或许表明在410km处可能发生了部分熔融。  相似文献   

Modelling the OH stretch envelope shape and temperature effects in infrared spectra of hydrous silica and silicate glasses     

D. P. Zarubin 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(8):590-597

Simple model calculations show that the reversible temperature effects reported for broad OH-stretching bands in infrared spectra of silica, aluminosilicate, and similar glasses can be explained, in essentials, by homogeneous thermal broadening of the ν(OH) envelope constituents and a decrease in intensity with increasing temperature taking place uniformly across the band. This means that these effects are reasonably consistent with the temperature behaviour of narrow ν(OH) bands of crystalline OH-bearing minerals. These findings leave little room for the previously agreed interpretation in terms of a change in hydrogen-bonding strength, although the dependence of integrated intensity on temperature still remains to be understood. Received: 16 April 1999 / Accepted: 4 April 2000  相似文献   

厦门大气降水的氢氧同位素研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

蔡明刚  黄奕普  陈敏  刘广山  金德秋  周锡煌 《台湾海峡》2000,19(4):446-453

本文研究了厦门地区大气降水的氢、氧同位素组成,提出了大气降水线方程的δD＝8．16δ^18O＋10．68,并与全国及全球降水线进行比较,揭示了该降水线方程的特征。对全年氚过剩值（d）及降水线特征研究表明,厦门岛全年降不涞源较为单一,主要为海洋性气团。降水中δD与δ^18O的降水量效应明显,且该影响远远掩盖了温度效应。  相似文献   

桂林地区大气降水的D和18Ｏ同位素的研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

涂林玲  王华  冯玉梅 《中国岩溶》2004,23(4):304-309

研究了桂林地区近16年( 1983- 1998年)大气降水的氢、氧同位素组成,提出了大气降水线方程为δD= 8. 42,δ18O+ 16. 28,并与全国及全球降水线进行比较,揭示了该降水线方程的特征。研究表明,桂林地区全年降水来源较为单一,主要为海洋性气团,夏季大气降水同位素组成主要受夏季风或夏季台风的影响,降水δ值与平均降水、气温均呈负相关关系; 降水中δD与δ18O 的降水量效应明显,且该影响远远掩盖了温度效应。   相似文献   

橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中氢气和烷烃的形成   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄瑞芳  孙卫东  丁兴  刘吉强  詹文欢 《岩石学报》2015,31(7):1901-1907

蛇纹石化过程中形成氢气、烷烃和有机酸,为海底热液区生命活动提供物质和能量来源,可能对地球和其他行星早期生命起源和演化有重要影响。目前关于蛇纹石化过程中氢气和烷烃形成的研究大多以橄榄石为初始物,且温度和压力较低(≤300℃,500bar)。本研究通过一系列的水热实验,研究300~500℃、1~3kbar时橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、橄榄岩、玄武岩以及玄武岩与橄榄岩混合物发生蛇纹石化反应后氢气和烷烃的生成。300℃、3kbar时,橄榄石蛇纹石化后产生的氢气远大于辉石蚀变后产生氢气的量。随着温度的增加,400~500℃、3kbar时,橄榄石蚀变程度极低,产生氢气的量低于斜方辉石。单斜辉石实验后没有发生蚀变,不产生氢气和烷烃。400~500℃、3kbar时,橄榄岩蛇纹石化后产生的氢气和烷烃远高于橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石。玄武岩蛇纹石化后生成氢气和甲烷的量低于橄榄岩,但与玄武岩和橄榄岩混合物相当。这是因为玄武岩的单斜辉石蚀变后形成富铁的透辉石(~8.1%FeO),透辉石的Fe以Fe2+为主,这降低了Fe3+和氢气的量。以上表明,橄榄岩的蛇纹石化不同于橄榄石和斜方辉石。不仅是海底热液蚀变产生氢气和甲烷,洋壳俯冲过程中地幔楔橄榄岩蛇纹石化也会生成氢气和甲烷,但由于洋壳玄武岩的加入,氢气和甲烷的量会远小于橄榄岩蚀变时的量。  相似文献   

盐场卤水成色原因分析及脱色方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘建超  张永刚  刘立平  任杰 《盐湖研究》2011,19(4):28-33

以天津汉沽盐场高镁卤水为研究对象,对其杂质形式、成色原因进行了系统分析。研究表明,卤水中的成色物质主要是大量的饱和脂类、羧酸类、醇醚类、胺类及不饱和的芳烃类、醛酮类、烯烃类等有机物质,经过氧化氢氧化-氢氧化锆吸附联合脱色工艺后,卤水色度及CODCr去除率分别可达99%和85%,镁离子的损失率可控制在1%以下,吸附剂氢氧化锆经脱附再生后可循环使用,大大降低了工艺运行成本。  相似文献   

自动调谐器在氢脉泽上的应用结果     

林传富  何建卫  翟造成 《时间频率学报》1994,(Z1)

本文介绍上海天文台自行研制的氢脉泽调谐［１．２］在我台制造的氢脉泽Ｈ８、Ｈ９、Ｈ１０上的应用．结果表明：氢脉泽自动调谐器有效地改善了氢脉泽的长期稳定度．  相似文献   

The role of submicrometer aerosols and macromolecules in H₂ formation in the titan haze     

E.L.O. Bakes  S.ébastien Lebonnois  Christopher P. McKay 《Icarus》2003,161(2):468-473

Previous studies of the photochemistry of small molecules in Titan’s atmosphere found it difficult to have hydrogen atoms removed at a rate sufficient to explain the observed abundance of unsaturated hydrocarbons. One qualitative explanation of the discrepancy nominated catalytic aerosol surface chemistry as an efficient sink of hydrogen atoms, although no quantitative study of this mechanism was attempted. In this paper, we quantify how haze aerosols and macromolecules may efficiently catalyze the formation of hydrogen atoms into H₂. We describe the prompt reaction model for the formation of H₂ on aerosol surfaces and compare this with the catalytic formation of H₂ using negatively charged hydrogenated aromatic macromolecules. We conclude that the PRM is an efficient mechanism for the removal of hydrogen atoms from the atmosphere to form H₂ with a peak formation rate of ∼ 70 cm⁻³ s⁻¹ at 420 km. We also conclude that catalytic H₂ formation via hydrogenated anionic macromolecules is viable but much less productive (a maximum of ∼ 0.1 cm⁻³ s⁻¹ at 210 km) than microphysical aerosols.  相似文献