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11.
Water resources in residential areas are negatively affected by floods. In addition, many aquifers are contaminated as a result of urbanization. Great damage caused during earthquakes are partly attributed to the residential pattern which ignores the potential effect of groundwater. Hydrogeological and hydrological surveys must be carried out in the residential areas to determine the interaction between water and residential development of all types.Recent hydrogeological and hydrological investigations regarding the impact of urbanization were made for the city of Burdur (Turkey). To evaluate the effect of earthquakes on groundwater, groundwater isohypse and groundwater isopach maps were prepared showing most of the buildings within the Burdur city boundaries, which are in the areas where groundwater depth is less than 10 m. This is considered a critical depth for liquefaction during an earthquake. Lowering of the groundwater table has to be considered as one of the alternatives in reducing earthquake hazards. The chemical makeup of groundwater was also determined to consider its relationship to contamination and possible effects upon the foundations. Streams flowing across the Burdur residential area formed a flooding risk. Results of the peak flow analysis can be used to design improvements for the city. Maps of the best residential development areas have been prepared by using hydrological and hydrogeological results. 相似文献
12.
Guillaume Favreau Christian Leduc Christelle Marlin Abdou Guéro 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):395-401
In southwest Niger, the Continental Terminal water table displays a natural hollow shape about 10 m in depth over an area of 4000 km2. A 10-year survey of this hollow aquifer has shown that current recharge is above . The water table has risen continuously since the 1950–1960s as a result of land clearance. This shows a disequilibrium in the aquifer balance. The long-term recharge rate is estimated by radioisotopes to be around . This figure fits with the only possible origin of the piezometric depression, i.e. evapotranspiration losses in its centre. To cite this article: G. Favreau et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 395–401. 相似文献
13.
14.
K. Christanis A. Georgakopoulos J. L. Fernndez-Turiel A. Bouzinos 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1998,36(3-4)
Six peat samples obtained from the Holocene and the Weichselian of the Philippi peat deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece, were analyzed for 48 trace elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS). The ash contents of these samples were also determined. Most of the trace elements are associated with the minerals in the peat, while Ge, Mo, Pb, Se, Ta, Tl, U, and W display a greater affinity with the organic matter. Compared with crustal averages (Clarke concentrations), the Philippi peat is enriched in some elements (Ag, As, Au, Cd, Mo, Se, Te, U, and W) because of the respective mineralizations in the area. The Philippi peat is also enriched in Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sc, Sn, T, V, Y, and Zn in comparison with typical fen peats, as well as in As, Cr, Mo, Se, and U in comparison with typical coals. Climatic and hydrogeological conditions strongly influenced the peat-forming environment resulting in a differentiation between Holocene and Weichselian peat. Generally, the Holocene peat contains lower concentrations of trace elements in the northern and southern part of the fen, than the Weichselian one. The opposite trend is observed in the fen area close to the western basin margins. 相似文献
15.
J. W. Lloyd 《水文研究》1986,1(1):63-78
Surface hydrological studies are seen as inadequate in hyperarid and arid areas to provide reliable estimates of recharge. In most such areas surface discharges are not present so that assessments of groundwater resources are dependent upon ground interpretation and denied the flow control found in assessments elsewhere. Groundwater models show that gradients are sustained by long-term dewatering and very small amounts of modern indirect recharge. Recharge indications are well within the error of a hydrological balance. Discharges appear equally small. The development of groundwater in arid areas frequently faces problems of salination due to recycling of irrigation water and rising groundwater heads. Abstraction is often inadequately managed so that uncontrolled mining of groundwater occurs. The advantage that groundwater has, however, is that it offers staged development and staged appraisal. 相似文献
16.
V. S. Singh V. Krishnan M. R. K. Sarma C. P. Gupta R. L. Dhar 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(1-2):90-95
Detailed hydrogeological studies in a granitic micro-watershed have been carried out to determine the extent, behavior, and
characteristics of the aquifer. The study includes analysis of lithologs, drill time log, pumping tests, and slug tests. Realistic
field conditions have been taken into account for characterizing the aquifer system. Slug tests were carried out to estimate
aquifer parameters at the wells which could not sustain pumping.
Received: 20 November 1997 · Accepted: 23 February 1998 相似文献
17.
A two-dimensional finite element model for density dependent groundwater flow was calibrated to simulate sea water intrusion in Nauru Island in the Central Pacific Ocean. Nauru Island occupies an area of 22 km2 and supports a population of 8500. The island has been mined for its phosphate deposits and current reserves indicate that the mine has about eight years life remaining. The water supply of the island is about one third dependent on imported water which is also used as ballast on the phosphate ships. Imported water will not be available in the future, and a hydrogeological investigation shows that the island is underlain by a fresh water layer, less than 5 m thick. The freshwater layer overlies a thick transition zone of brackish water which in turn overlies sea water. Simulation of several management options shows that it is possible to substitute current importation of fresh water by careful extraction from the groundwater resources of the island. 相似文献
18.
B. K. Bhadra A. K. Gupta J. R. Sharma 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(2):273-288
Detailed studies on the status of Saraswati Nadi of northern Haryana have been carried out using multi date and multi resolution
satellite images, GIS techniques and ground data. Palaeochannels have been delineated using remote sensing techniques and
validated using discovered archaeological sites, sedimentological data from drilled wells and water quality data. Detailed
analysis of hydrological data (rainfall and stream discharge), catchment area and petrographic analysis of rock samples have
been done to decipher the dwindling state of Saraswati Nadi. Likelihood of Adi Badri as the place of origin of Saraswati Nadi
and its possible linkage with the Vedic Saraswati River is discussed. Suggestions have been given for safeguarding and revival
of Saraswati Nadi as a national heritage. 相似文献
19.
近年不断发生的突水事故,给煤矿安全生产带来严重威胁,研究矿区水文地质特征,分析矿井充水因素有重要现实意义。根据东胜煤田乌拉素矿区地质勘探和水文地质资料,对煤层开采导水裂隙带高度进行计算,结果表明:直罗组底部、含煤系地层的裂隙承压水含水层和上部煤层采空区内的积水,是煤层开采时矿井涌水的主要充水水源,矿井充水通道有断层裂隙带、封闭不良钻孔、采动导水裂隙带;其中导水裂隙带会将上部煤层采空区积水导通,使充水强度增大,矿坑涌水量增加。建议开采过程中要做到边探边采,探采结合,预防突水问题。 相似文献
20.
Fatoumata Barry Duke Ophori Jeffrey Hoffman Robert Canace 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1593-1603
Delineating capture zones of pumping wells is an important part of safe drinking water and well protection programs. Capture
zones or contributing areas of a groundwater extraction well are the parts of the aquifer recharge areas from which the wells
draw their water. Their extent and location depend on the hydrogeologic conditions such as groundwater recharge, pumping scenario
and the aquifer properties such as hydraulic conductivity, porosity, heterogeneity of the medium and hydraulic gradient. Different
methods of delineation can be used depending on the complexity of the hydrogeologic conditions. In this study, a 3-dimensional
transient numerical MODFLOW model was developed for the Central Passaic River Basin (CPRB), and used with a MODPATH particle
tracking code to determine 3-dimensional transient capture zones. Analytically calculated capture zones from previous studies
at the site were compared with the new numerically simulated capture zones. The study results revealed that the analytical
solution was more conservative, estimating larger capture zones than the numerical models. Of all the parameters that can
impact the size, shape and location of a capture zone, the hydraulic conductivity is one of the most critical. Capture zones
tend to be smaller in lower hydraulic conductivity areas. 相似文献