Compensation policy for displacement caused by dam construction in China: An institutional analysis     

《Geoforum》2013

Large scale hydro projects have displaced millions of people in China, and many more large scale projects are expected in future years. Compensation policy for relocated people has evolved over time. We identify distinguishing features in four historical epochs between 1949 and the present, and conducted an institutional analysis of Chinese compensation policy applied to hydro projects based on a multi-dimensional conception of wealth. Transitions between epochs are linked to accountability crises, and adaptive policy responses are seen as strategies to maintain legitimacy and stability. Our analysis demonstrates linkages among state, market, and civil society in compensation policy and in Chinese governance, more broadly.  相似文献   

An innovation and agency perspective on the emergence and spread of Marine Spatial Planning     

《Marine Policy》2014

The roles of governance and technological innovation have been widely recognized as important parts of sustainability transitions. However, less attention has been paid to understanding the mechanisms of the emergence and spread of innovative ideas for stewardship of social–ecological systems. This study considers how theories of innovation and agency are able to provide explanatory power regarding the spread and impact of such ideas. This includes how innovations may contribute to resolving the mismatches between the scale of ecological processes and the scale of governance of ecosystems. The emergence and spread of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is used as an illustrative case study. The study shows that individuals embedded in informal networks have played a key role in driving the emergence of MSP across scales and in constantly re-framing the tool in order to overcome obstacles to adoption and implementation. In a number of cases, MSP has been decoupled from the ecosystem despite being framed as a tool for ecosystem-based management. Finally, this study is important to understand the process of emergence of new integrated tools for ecosystem stewardship at the global level.  相似文献   

The three screen doors: can marine "protected" areas be effective?     

Jameson SC  Tupper MH  Ridley JM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(11):1177-1183

The great majority of marine protected areas (MPAs) fail to meet their management objectives. So MPAs can be effective conservation tools, we recommend two paradigm shifts, the first related to how they are located and the second related to how they are managed. MPAs are unlikely to be effective if they are located in areas that are subject to numerous, and often uncontrollable, external stressors from atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanic sources, all of which can degrade the environment and compromise protection. MPA effectiveness is also limited by low institutional and community capacity for management and inappropriate size with respect to ecological needs. In particular, the check list approach to management does not ensure that key threats are dealt with, or that management expenditures provide a quantifiable return. We recommend a business planning approach to MPA management, in which managers focus on the viability of the management system, i.e., the ability of the MPA to provide ecological goods and services to its target users over the long term.  相似文献   

Pathways for Participatory Water Governance in Ashaiman,Ghana: Learning from Institutional Bricolage and Hydrosocial Perspectives   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Megan M. Peloso  Leila M. Harris 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(12):1491-1506

Coupling a hydrosocial perspective with institutional bricolage, this research considers possibilities for participatory water governance in Ashaiman, a peri-urban settlement of Accra, Ghana. We explore three questions: (1) How do people in Ashaiman evoke ideas or experiences of water in general and water governance in particular? (2) What possibilities currently exist for engaging the community in key water-related decisions? (3) What possibilities exist for enhanced participatory water governance in this context, including potential for and interest in new institutions and engagement processes? Results of qualitative interviews and semistructured observation suggest that a siloed, water-centric approach inadequately captures everyday realities of water as hydrosocial and of existing institutions in Ashaiman. In contrast to “modern water,” we propose that water issues may be more meaningfully addressed as bundled with social welfare. Potential implications and alternative ways of understanding socio-institutional arrangements for participatory water governance are explored.  相似文献   

Categorization of discontinuities for conceptual description of rock hosting repositories for hazardous waste     

Roland Pusch   《Engineering Geology》1998,49(3-4):177-183

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On the role of consulting in fisheries development     

Robin Mahon 《Marine Policy》2006

Fisheries development programmes should explicitly build capacity of local and regional consultants. These consultants should be integral components of strategies to make efficient use of expertise. Their importance as a source of expertise will increase as small fisheries departments reorient towards people-based approaches to management. They are presently undervalued and underdeveloped for several reasons, such as donor country preferences for using their own nationals and lack of support within their own countries and regions, often due to misconceptions regarding what is involved in being a self-employed consultant.  相似文献   

Patterns of fisheries institutional failure and success: Experience from the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence snow crab fishery,in Nova Scotia,Canada     

Laura Loucks 《Marine Policy》2007

This paper examines why market and government institutions failed to prevent over fishing in the Southern Gulf snow crab fishery, whereas non-market institutions succeeded. A general conclusion is that the institutional environment in which economic behaviour must be coordinated for successful fisheries management is complex. More specifically, collective action dilemmas arise from the interdependency of human and fish species interactions. However, successful institutions are capable of resolving these dilemmas when they achieve credible commitment. Coordination mechanisms such as co-management contracts, horizontal patterns of communication and win–win negotiations all contribute to building an institutional arrangement in which participants are motivated to comply with conservation objectives.  相似文献   

Knowing like a global expert organization: Comparative insights from the IPCC and IPBES     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

In this paper we draw on Science and Technology (STS) approaches to develop a comparative analytical account of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The establishment of both of these organizations, in 1988 and 2012 respectively, represented important ‘constitutional moments’ in the global arrangement of scientific assessment and its relationship to environmental policymaking. Global environmental assessments all share some similarities, operating at the articulation between science and policy and pursuing explicit societal goals. Although the IPCC and IPBES have different objectives, they are both intergovernmental processes geared towards the provision of knowledge to inform political debates about, respectively, climate change and biodiversity loss. In spite of these similarities, we show that there are significant differences in their knowledge practices and these differences have implications for environmental governance. We do this by comparing the IPCC and IPBES across three dimensions: conceptual frameworks, scenarios and consensus .We argue that, broadly speaking, the IPCC has produced a ‘view from nowhere’, through a reliance on mathematical modelling to produce a consensual picture of global climate change, which is then ‘downscaled’ to considerations of local impacts and responses. By contrast IPBES, through its contrasting conceptual frameworks and practices of argumentation, appears to seek a ‘view from everywhere’, inclusive of epistemic plurality, and through which a global picture emerges through an aggregation of more placed-based knowledges. We conclude that, despite these aspirations, both organizations in fact offer ‘views from somewhere’: situated sets of knowledge marked by politico-epistemic struggles and shaped by the interests, priorities and voices of certain powerful actors. Characterizing this ‘somewhere’ might be aided by the concept of institutional epistemology, a term we propose to capture how particular knowledge practices become stabilized within international expert organizations. We suggest that such a concept, by drawing attention to the institutions’ knowledge practices, helps reveal their world-making effects and, by doing so, enables more reflexive governance of both expert organizations and of global environmental change in general.  相似文献   

Partnership approach to disaster management in Bangladesh: a critical policy assessment     

Mizan R. Khan  M. Ashiqur Rahman 《Natural Hazards》2007,41(2):359-378

The geographic location of Bangladesh at the confluence of the three mighty river systems of the world renders her one of the most vulnerable places to natural disasters. Human-induced climate change exacerbates the problem. This study shows that the Government of Bangladesh has already established a multi-layered institutional mechanism for disaster management, with formal recognition of the role of various stakeholders. Historically, NGOs and other informal support mechanisms in the country also have made significant contributions during and after disaster recovery. Despite the presence of some strengths, such as long experience in disaster response and recovery, the people’s resilience, and donor support, the current management strategies suffer from a host of policy and institutional weaknesses. Most prominent is the absence of a functioning partnership among the stakeholders within these formal set-ups. What is lacking is the development and embodiment of a culture of collective decision-making in planning, in resource sharing, and in implementing disaster management policies and programs in an integrated and transparent way. The paper suggests a partnership framework to implement prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery phases of disaster management.  相似文献   

基于可持续发展的绿色广东制度建设的动力机制     

李飏  周永章 《热带地理》2007,27(3):229-233

绿色广东建设的内涵丰富,其根本核心是基于可持续发展的制度创新。制度创新有利于克服科技创新面临的外部性障碍和风险,是实现从传统经济向循环经济模式转变的关键。在分析广东省制度创新的优势与不足的基础上,揭示推动绿色广东建设的动力机制,提出绿色广东制度创新的对策。具体通过建立资源环境有偿使用机制、环境容量分配及排污权交易等机制,探索生态补偿机制的市场化运作,并在广东率先培育中国式的环境非政府组织(NGO),建立享有环境权益的公众参与机制,形成政府、市场、公众等三方参与的激励约束兼容机制。  相似文献