Evaluating the performance of a new classifier – the GP-OAD: A comparison with existing methods for classifying rock type and mineralogy from hyperspectral imagery     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

In this study, we compare three commonly used methods for hyperspectral image classification, namely Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Gaussian Processes (GPs) and the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). We assess their performance in combination with different kernels (i.e. which use distance-based and angle-based metrics). The assessment is done in two experiments, under ideal conditions in the laboratory and, separately, in the field (an operational open pit mine) using natural light. For both experiments independent training and test sets are used. Results show that GPs generally outperform the SVMs, irrespective of the kernel used. Furthermore, angle-based methods, including the Spectral Angle Mapper, outperform GPs and SVMs when using distance-based (i.e. stationary) kernels in the field experiment. A new GP method using an angle-based (i.e. a non-stationary) kernel – the Observation Angle Dependent (OAD) covariance function – outperforms SAM and SVMs in both experiments using only a small number of training spectra. These findings show that distance-based kernels are more affected by changes in illumination between the training and test set than are angular-based methods/kernels. Taken together, this study shows that independent training data can be used for classification of hyperspectral data in the field such as in open pit mines, by using Bayesian machine-learning methods and non-stationary kernels such as GPs and the OAD kernel. This provides a necessary component for automated classifications, such as autonomous mining where many images have to be classified without user interaction.  相似文献   

Intracellular and extracellular mineralization of a microbial community in the Edmond deep-sea vent field environment     

Xiaotong Peng  Jiangtao Li  Jiwei Li  Shun Chen  Huiqiang Yao  Zijun Wu 《Sedimentary Geology》2010,229(4):193-368

Microbial biomineralization in submarine hydrothermal environments provides an insight into the formation of vent microfossils and the interactions between microbes, elements and minerals throughout the geological record. Here, we investigate microbial biomineralization of a deep-sea vent community in the Edmond vent field and provide ultrastructural evidence for the formation of microfossils and biogenic iron-rich minerals related to Archaea and Bacteria. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis shows that filamentous and spiral microbes are encrusted by a non-crystalline silica matrix and minor amounts of iron oxides. Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals acicular iron-rich particles and aggregates that occur either intracellularly or extracellularly. A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a diverse range of Bacteria and Archaea, the majority of which are related to sulfur metabolism in the microbial mats. Both Archaea and Bacteria have undergone silicification, in a similar manner to microorganisms in some terrestrial hot springs and indicating that silicification may be driven by silica supersaturation and polymerization. Formation mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular iron oxides associated with microbes are discussed. These results enhance our understanding of microbial mineralization in extreme environments, which may be widespread in the Earth's modern and ancient hydrothermal vent fields.  相似文献   

综合物探方法在航磁查证中的应用——以济宁梁山东丁庄铁矿勘查为例          下载免费PDF全文

赵蕻  谢兴友  王士党  纪晓阳 《山东国土资源》2016,32(6)

梁山东丁庄铁矿矿床赋存于新太古代泰山岩群山草峪组中,区内矿体总体呈层状,产状与围岩一致,走向为NW—SW,总体倾向SW,倾角为50°,矿体埋深为230~320m。铁矿中全铁平均品位约30.35%,磁性铁平均品位约25.44%。运用磁法、可控源、地震勘探等方法对该区航磁异常进行了查证,并总结了航磁异常查证的工作流程。  相似文献   

中国钢铁行业节能减排措施的协同控制效应评估研究     

高玉冰  邢有凯  何峰  蒯鹏  毛显强 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(4):388-399

以中国钢铁行业为研究对象,对典型行业节能减排措施开展协同控制效应评估分析,试图为制定行业局地大气污染物与温室气体协同控制行动方案和规划提供依据.首先采用排放因子法计算各项措施对各类局地大气污染物和各类温室气体的减排量,并归一化为综合大气污染物协同减排量(ICER),进而采用协同控制效应坐标系、协同控制交叉弹性、单位污染...  相似文献   

铁（氢）氧化物介导的溶解性有机质、无机磷的固定及相互作用研究进展     

文帅龙  刘静静  戴家如  黄秀琳  安世林  刘正文  杜瑛珣 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1428-1440

铁(氢)氧化物介导的溶解性有机质(DOM)和无机磷(DIP)的固定在水生态系统中普遍存在,对碳、磷元素的生物地球化学循环有重要的影响.铁(氢)氧化物主要通过吸附和共沉淀两种过程固定DOM和DIP,且铁(氢)氧化物、DOM和DIP三者存在复杂的相互作用.本文主要从铁(氢)氧化物对DOM和DIP的固定,铁(氢)氧化物、DOM和DIP之间的相互影响等方面综述了相关研究进展,梳理了铁(氢)氧化物、DOM和DIP在吸附和共沉淀过程中的相互作用机制与影响因素.DOM的存在会通过占据铁(氢)氧化物表面吸附点位、络合、抑制铁水解沉淀等途径影响铁(氢)氧化物对DIP的固定;且不同机制与DOM的不同性质如分子大小、芳香组分、羧基官能团含量等有关.而DIP的存在会改变铁(氢)氧化物对DOM的固定分馏过程,改变溶液中DOM的组分和性质.在明晰三者相互作用基础上,探讨了铁(氢)氧化物介导的DOM和DIP的固定过程对湖泊内源磷释放和碳埋藏的可能影响,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

南京地区梅山、凤凰山铁矿尾矿利用探讨     

陈小华 《江苏地质》2000,24(3):181-183

介绍梅山铁矿、凤凰山铁矿的尾矿特征,探讨利用澳大利亚新型重选设备进行铁矿尾矿再选的可能途径。对于降低铁矿山尾矿库存量,保护环境,合理利用资源,具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

浅谈2.5D磁法反演估算铁矿资源量的多解性          下载免费PDF全文

李土雄  马兆同  赵法强 《山东国土资源》2011,27(7):34-38

2.5D磁法反演估算铁矿资源量,关键是在垂直磁异常走向上求拟合模型的截面积。该文利用一种常见模型拟合4种实测磁场,发现铁矿截面积与埋深和磁性大小有一定的规律:磁化强度一定时,截面积与埋深呈线性正相关;埋深一定时,截面积与磁化强度呈近似指数形式的反相关。固定深部或外围磁性体参数,单独考虑浅部或中间铁矿模型时也有这种规律。在无钻孔资料及磁性资料不清楚时,磁化强度100 000×10-3~150 000×10-3A/m为估算铁矿资源量的最佳磁参数。因磁法反演的多解性,此类方法适用于钻孔验证前的资源量估计。  相似文献