Exhumation History of the Xining Basin Since the Mesozoic and Its Tectonic Significance     

WANG Yannan  ZHANG Jin  QI Wenhu  GUO Shan 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):145-162

The Xining Basin is located in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and its continuous Cenozoic strata record the entire uplift and outgrowth history of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic. The newly obtained apatite fission track data presented here shows that the Xining Basin and two marginal mountain ranges have experienced multiphase rapid cooling since the Jurassic, as follows. In the Middle–Late Jurassic, the rapid exhumation of the former Xining Basin resulted from collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Tarim Block. During the Early–Late Cretaceous, the former Xining Basin underwent a tectonic event due to marginal compression, causing the angular unconformity between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Lhasa Block may have resulted in the rapid exhumation of the Xining Basin and the Lajishan to the south. In the Early Cenozoic(ca. 50–30 Ma), collision between the Indian and Eurasia plates affected the region that corresponds to the present northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. During this period, the central Qilian Block rotated clockwise by approximately 24° to form a wedge-shaped basin(i.e., the Xining Basin) opening to the west. During ca. 17–8 Ma, the entire northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau underwent dramatic deformation, and the Lajishan uplifted rapidly owing to the northward compression of the Guide Basin from the south. A marked change in subsidence occurred in the Xining Basin during this period, when the basin was tectonically inverted.  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks from ODP Site 794, Yamato Basin: Implications for Deep Mantle Processes of the Japan Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHEN Shuangshuang  LIU Jiaqi  GUO Zhengfu  CHEN Shengsheng  SUN Chunqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(4):1189-1212

Deep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean drilling program Site 794 in the Japan Sea was performed, which included petrography, whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition, and electron microprobe analysis of plagioclase and clinopyroxene. These basalts belong to the tholeiitic series with porphyritic texture and massive Ca-rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine phenocrysts. The basalts are characterized as flat rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements with remarkably low ratios of(La/Yb)N(0.75–2.51), significant positive anomalies of Ba, Sr, and Rb and no Eu anomaly(δEu = 0.99–1.36). The samples showed relatively high 87Sr/86Sr(0.70425–0.70522), 207Pb/204Pb(15.511–15.610), and 208Pb/204Pb(38.064–38.557) values and a low 143Nd/144 Nd ratio(0.51271–0.51295). The basalts from Site 794 can be divided into upper, middle, and lower volcanic rocks(UVR, MVR, and LVR) on the basis of their stratigraphic level. The MVR was geochemically derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the UVR and LVR originated from a nondepleted and relatively enriched mantle source with contributions from subducted Pacific plate fluid and sediments. Use of geothermobarometers indicates that the crystallization pressure for the UVR and LVR(6.25–11.19 kbar) was significantly higher than that of the MVR(3.48–5.84 kbar). The UVR and LVR may have been derived from the low-degree(5%–10%) partial melting of spinel lherzolite, while the MVR originated from a shallower mantle source with a high degree(10%–20%) of partial melting. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the samples are consistent with a younger age(13–17 Ma) and the depleted composition of the MVR and an older age(17–23 Ma) and slightly enriched composition of the UVR and LVR. Therefore, temporal changes in the mantle source from old and enriched to young and depleted and subsequently to old and nondepleted may have been associated with progressive lithospheric extension and thinning, as well as at least two episodes of diverse asthenospheric upwelling and pull-apart tectonic motion in the Yamato Basin.  相似文献   

Structural Evolution and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Upper Paleozoic Northern Ordos Basin, North China     

YANG Minghui  LI Liang  ZHOU Jin  JIA Huichong  SUN Xiao  GONG Ting  DING Chao 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1636-1648

The hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system.Restoration of a depth-converted seismic profile across the Hangjinqi Fault Zone(HFZ) in the eastern Hangjinqi area shows one compression that created anticlinal structures in the Late Triassic, and two extensions in ~Middle Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous, which were interrupted by inversions in the Late Jurassic–Early Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, respectively.Hydrocarbon generation at the well locations in the Central Ordos Basin(COB) began in the Late Triassic.Basin modeling of Well Zhao-4 suggests that hydrocarbon generation from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures of the northern Shanbei Slope peaked in the Early Cretaceous, predating the inversion in the Late Cretaceous.Most source rocks in the Shanbei Slope passed the main gas-migration phase except for the Hangjinqi area source rocks(Well Jin-48).Hydrocarbons generated from the COB are likely to have migrated northward toward the anticlinal structures and traps along the HFZ because the basin-fill strata are dipping south.Faulting that continued during the extensional phase(Late Early Cretaceous) of the Hangjinqi area probably acted as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons.Thus, the anticlinal structures and associated traps to the north of the HFZ might have trapped hydrocarbons that were charged from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures in the COB since the Middle Jurassic.  相似文献   

Improved Geometric Model of Extensional Fault–bend Folding     

ZHENG Xiaoli  HE Guangyu  HU Senqing  YAO Zewei  WANG Hui  LIN Lu 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(6):1847-1857

Extensional fault–bend folds, also called rollovers, are one of the most common structures in extensional settings. Numerous studies have shown that oblique simple shear is the most appropriate mechanism for quantitative modeling of geometric relations between normal faults and the strata in their hanging walls. However, the oblique simple shear has a rather serious issue derived from the shear direction, particularly above convex bends. We use geometric and experimental methods to study the deformation of extensional fault–bend folds on convex bends. The results indicate that whether the fault bends are concave or convex, the shear direction of the hanging wall dips toward the main fault. On this basis, we improve the previous geometric model by changing the shear direction above the convex bends. To illustrate basin history, our model highlights the importance of the outer limit of folding instead of the growth axial. Moreover, we propose a new expression for the expansion index that is applicable to the condition of no deposition on the footwall. This model is validated by modeling a natural structure of the East China Sea Basin.  相似文献   

临夏盆地晚新近纪山西犀头骨新材料及其生存环境     

卢小康  陈善勤  何文 《第四纪研究》2015,35(3)

文章记述了甘肃临夏盆地晚新近纪林氏山西犀(Shansirhinus ringstroemi)3件未成年个体的头骨发育特征,主要表现在:顶嵴至迟在幼年个体出现,此时两侧顶嵴远远分开,其间的骨表面隆突;3件未成年头骨的项嵴后缘均是平直的;鼓后突与关节后突的接触出现于初生期;头骨顶面在鼻骨后缘向前延伸由初生期的逐渐变窄到幼年个体的迅速收缩,此时头骨顶面最宽处位于两侧眶上结节之间;在钩突后方,鼻后孔侧壁的后缘向后上方延伸,幼年个体时倾斜角度已接近成年状态.与维氏大唇犀(Chilotherium wimani)头骨的个体发育相比,两者在颊齿萌出顺序方面无明显差异;但后者幼年头骨在顶骨与枕骨鳞部骨缝的愈合时间上较S.ringstroemi晚.Shansirhinus头骨形态方面区别于其他无角犀族类群的分类特征不晚于DP4开始磨蚀且M1刚露出齿槽时出现.新的头骨材料表明Shansirhinus可能在晚中新世早期起源于甘肃临夏盆地.Shansirhinus上颊齿发育釉质褶皱,下颊齿发育方形轮廓的下三角座,具有一定的加工硬草的能力,生活在晚新近纪时期的开阔草原上,是无角犀族已知唯一延续到上新世的类群.  相似文献   

广西南宁盆地渐新世孢粉植物群及其古环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王伟铭  陈耿娇  廖卫 《第四纪研究》2015,35(3)

文章系统研究南宁盆地琅东高坡邕宁组下含煤段的孢粉,建立1个孢粉组合和3个亚组合.孢粉组合以木本被子植物蕈树科、壳斗科、榆科、胡桃科、杨柳科和木犀科为主,同时见有槭树科、桦木科、芸香科、漆树科、椴树科、冬青科、大戟科、山龙眼科、楝科、珙桐科、忍冬科、山矾科和桑寄生科等成分;草本被子植物花粉少量见到,含莎草科、毛茛科、唇形科、禾本科、菊科、百合科、蓼科、黑三棱科和睡莲科;裸子植物花粉主要为杉科和松科,少量见到罗汉松科;蕨类植物孢子包括凤尾蕨科、水龙骨科、紫萁科、石松科、水藓科和海金沙科.此外,还见有部分藻类分布,含疑源类的皱面球藻属、瘤面球藻属和光面球藻属,亲缘关系不明的环纹藻属以及绿藻门水网藻科的盘星藻属.组合中,裸子植物花粉尤其松科的含量自下而上逐渐减少,藻类主要分布在剖面的中部,蕨类植物孢子更多地见于剖面的上部;因此进而分出3个亚组合.孢粉植物群反映沉积时期的气候温暖湿润,植被类型为亚热带湿生常绿、落叶阔叶混交林.结果表明当时的植物生境稳定、气候温暖,湖泊和湿地逐步发育,在后期形成沼泽环境;孢粉组合一定程度上反映了全球气候在始新世末期急剧变冷后,在渐新世早中期的逐渐回暖过程.  相似文献   

青海柴达木盆地新近纪河狸化石及其古环境意义     

李强  王晓鸣 《第四纪研究》2015,35(3)

描述了2005年和2010年采自青海柴达木盆地中部地区大红沟背斜和东陵丘背斜的河狸科化石,其中大红沟的材料包括1件下颌、l件门齿和6枚零散颊齿,被归人中国北方中中新世常见的通古尔单沟河狸(Monosaulax tungurensis);其牙齿尺寸较小,门齿的釉质层圆凸,表面光滑;颊齿齿冠低,前臼齿大于臼齿;颊齿的(下)次沟向下延伸几乎到达牙齿基部,所有褶沟均填充白垩质;P4的前沟明显深于中沟和后沟;无次生的小坑发育.东陵丘的材料仅有1枚上臼齿,尺寸较大,冠面仅具4条褶(沟),褶沟有厚实的白垩质填充,次沟向下延伸近至齿根,唇侧沟深浅不一,被归入上新世早期的安氏河狸(Castor anderssoni).河狸科多营半水栖生活,生活于林地的湖或河流边,具有非常强的环境指示意义.柴达木盆地内新近纪河狸科化石的发现,进一步证明在中中新世和上新世早期,盆地的中部地区仍存在较大的水体和较多的林木.  相似文献   

庆阳-合水地区长8油层组沉积物源分析     

杨梦辉  刘广锋  童明均  杨伟伟 《地下水》2015,(2)

物源分析对砂岩储层的展布与分析预测具有重要的意义。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘庆阳-合水地区上三叠统延长组长8油层组的砂岩重矿物组合、轻矿物组合及砂岩岩屑组分的平面分布特征分析,判断了庆阳-合水地区的沉积物源方向。研究表明,庆阳-合水地区存在两大物源和古流沉积体系,即西南方向的庆阳沉积古流体系和南部方向的合水沉积古流体系;长82亚组沉积期以南部的沉积古流体系为主,而长81亚组沉积期以西南部的沉积古流体系为主;重矿物组合特征分析显示长81亚组沉积期合水区带混源现象明显。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地LFP区块长2段沉积相研究     

叶亚坤  苏海伦  薛永康  李阳阳 《地下水》2015,(4)

储层的沉积相研究通常是油气藏勘探开发过程中一项十分重要的任务,它控制着储集砂体的成因类型及宏观分布。在岩芯观察的基础上,结合综合录井资料和野外露头剖面信息,运用沉积学、沉积构造、剖面结构、古生物及测井相等划分沉积相的标志,对研究区内钻井进行单井沉积相划分,对不同钻井之间的沉积相进行综合比对,结果认为LEP区块长2段主要从三角洲前缘高建设的水下分流河道骨架砂体沉积为主。  相似文献   

西非 Ｒio Muni 盆地复杂盐拱构造油藏特征     

马金苹  胡孝林  郝立华  曹向阳  孙翠娟  张彪 《世界地质》2015,34(3):760-765

为精细解剖西非油气富集的 Ｒio Muni 盆地复杂盐拱构造带上的油藏特征,为其他相似地区油藏评价提供一定参考,以位于复杂盐拱构造带上的 H 油藏为例,利用地震、测井、录井、钻井和 MDT 测试等资料分析 H 油藏的构造、沉积、储层和油层分布特征及成藏主控因素等。研究得出,H 油藏属于典型的构造岩性复合油藏,为构造背景下的岩性边水油藏,具有多套油水系统,构造高部位发育盐刺穿,储层既有浊积砂岩储层又有滑脱灰岩储层,主要分布于构造的翼部低部位,滑脱断层和盐拱是油气成藏的主控因素。  相似文献